{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T13:04:25Z","timestamp":1784811865449,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012909","name":"The College of Optometrists","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012909","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Writing is an essential yet often overlooked component of vision rehabilitation for adults with acquired vision loss, receiving less focus than activities such as reading. This study explores the specific challenges older adults encounter when engaging in writing tasks, the types of writing they wish to perform and the factors they associate with successful performance. It also examines the psychological and functional impacts of writing difficulties and evaluates the usability of current assistive tools designed to support writing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A qualitative design was employed using semi-structured interviews with 10 participants aged 67\u201393 years recruited through vision impairment support groups. Interview data were analysed using content analysis to identify key themes and subthemes related to participants\u2019 needs, challenges and adaptive strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis identified five themes with 20 subthemes. Participants engaged in diverse writing tasks across daily, personal and occupational contexts, with emails, shopping lists and signatures being reported most frequently. Performance was limited by difficulties with initiation, multisensory coordination, visual focus and physical effort, but mitigated by task familiarity. Success was judged against personal benchmarks of spatial accuracy, legibility, efficiency and error correction, although these were often compromised. Adaptations included changes in modality, use of assistive technologies and reduction in frequency or volume of written output. Impact extended beyond function, contributing to frustration, embarrassment, reduced independence and social isolation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants emphasised the distinction between \u201cspot\u201d writing tasks, often retained for procedural familiarity and \u201cfluent\u201d tasks, requiring sustained effort. Success, from the patient perspective, was defined not by completion but by legibility, spatial accuracy, efficiency and self-correction, while preserving independence and identity. These findings highlight that outcome measures must reflect the lived experience of adults with acquired vision loss, capturing the functional, emotional and psychosocial dimensions of writing that matter most to people living with sight loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44402-026-00108-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:54:42Z","timestamp":1781103282000},"page":"842-853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the Writing and Typing Needs of Older Adults with Acquired Vision Loss: A Qualitative Study of Challenges and Adaptive Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3119-0390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rukaiya","family":"Anwar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5593-5274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Macnaughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4060-0006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keziah","family":"Latham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"108_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12606","volume":"39","author":"J Macnaughton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Macnaughton J, Latham K, Vianya-Estopa M. Rehabilitation needs and activity limitations of adults with a visual impairment entering a low vision rehabilitation service in England. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2019;39:113\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.12606.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"108_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12950","volume":"42","author":"J Macnaughton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Macnaughton J, Latham K, Vianya-Estopa M. Change in rehabilitation needs and activity limitations over time of adults with acquired visual impairment following entry to a low vision rehabilitation service in England. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2022;42:491\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.12950.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"108_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.70067","volume":"28","author":"S Pasquini","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pasquini S, Ruggeri M, Sgandurra W, Caputo C, Vagnetti H, Signorini S, et al. Impact of congenital visual impairment on early-life exploration: Behavioral analysis of temporal and motor parameters during a reach-to-grasp playful task. Dev Sci. 2025;28:e70067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/desc.70067.","journal-title":"Dev Sci"},{"key":"108_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ics.2005.05.072","volume":"1282","author":"O Weisser-Pike","year":"2005","unstructured":"Weisser-Pike O. The importance of writing in low vision rehabilitation of the older adult. Int Congr Ser. 2005;1282:331\u20136.","journal-title":"Int Congr Ser"},{"key":"108_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.7.1050","volume":"119","author":"CM Mangione","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mangione CM, Lee PP, Gutierrez PR, Spritzer K, Berry S, Hays RD, et al. Development of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-25). Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119:1050\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.119.7.1050.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"108_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181339efd","volume":"84","author":"RW Massof","year":"2007","unstructured":"Massof RW, Ahmadian L, Grover LL, Deremeik JT, Goldstein JE, Rainey C, et al. The Activity Inventory: an adaptive visual function questionnaire. Optom Vis Sci. 2007;84:763\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181339efd.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"108_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-10-318","volume":"10","author":"JE Bruijning","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bruijning JE, van Nispen RM, van Rens GH. Feasibility of the Dutch ICF Activity Inventory: a pilot study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010;10:318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6963-10-318.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"108_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-014-0182-4","volume":"12","author":"JE Bruijning","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bruijning JE, van Rens GHMB, Fick M, Knol DL, van Nispen RMA. Longitudinal observation, evaluation and interpretation of coping with mental (emotional) health in low vision rehabilitation using the Dutch ICF Activity Inventory. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2014;12:182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-014-0182-4.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"108_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31828da515","volume":"90","author":"GT Timberlake","year":"2013","unstructured":"Timberlake GT, Mainster MA, Peli E, Augliere RA, Essock EA, Arditi A, et al. Handwriting with a preferred retinal locus for AMD with scotomas. Optom Vis Sci. 2013;90:492\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31828da515.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"108_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nicolau H, Montague K, Guerreiro T, Rodrigues A, Hanson VL. Typing performance of blind users: An analysis of touch behaviors, learning effect and in-situ usage. In: Kane SK, Bigham JP, editors. Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility (ASSETS \u201915). New York: Association for Computing Machinery; 2015. p. 273\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2700648.2809861.","DOI":"10.1145\/2700648.2809861"},{"key":"108_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.46743\/2160-3715\/2015.2281","volume":"20","author":"PI Fusch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fusch PI, Ness LR. Are we there yet? Data saturation in qualitative research. Qual Rep. 2015;20:1408\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46743\/2160-3715\/2015.2281.","journal-title":"Qual Rep"},{"key":"108_CR12","unstructured":"Royal College of Ophthalmologists. Certificate of Vision Impairment: guidance for ophthalmologists on certification and registration in England and Wales. London: RCOphth; 2017"},{"key":"108_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200209000-00007","volume":"40","author":"CM Callahan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Callahan CM, Unverzagt FW, Hui SL, Perkins AJ, Hendrie HC. Six-item screener to identify cognitive impairment among potential subjects for clinical research. Med Care. 2002;40:771\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005650-200209000-00007.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"108_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244014522633","volume":"4","author":"S Elo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Elo S, K\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4inen M, Kanste O, P\u00f6lkki T, Utriainen K, Kyng\u00e4s H. Qualitative content analysis: a focus on trustworthiness. SAGE Open. 2014;4:2158244014522633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2158244014522633.","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"108_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neuendorf KA. The content analysis guidebook. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications; 2017","DOI":"10.4135\/9781071873045"},{"key":"108_CR16","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Successful qualitative research: a practical guide for beginners. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications; 2013"},{"key":"108_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0148-2963(00)00195-8","volume":"55","author":"A Dubois","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dubois A, Gadde LE. Systematic combining: an abductive approach to case research. J Bus Res. 2002;55:553\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0148-2963(00)00195-8.","journal-title":"J Bus Res"},{"key":"108_CR18","unstructured":"Mayring P. Qualitative content analysis. Forum Qual Soc Res. 2000;1: Article 20."},{"key":"108_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Occupational Therapy Association. Occupational therapy practice framework: domain and process. 4th ed. Am J Occup Ther. 2020;74:1\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5014\/ajot.2020.74S2001.","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2020.74S2001"},{"key":"108_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199301000-00010","volume":"70","author":"SG Whittaker","year":"1993","unstructured":"Whittaker SG, Lovie-Kitchin J. Visual requirements for reading. Optom Vis Sci. 1993;70:54\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006324-199301000-00010.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"108_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2010","volume":"94","author":"J Lovie-Kitchin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lovie-Kitchin J. Reading with low vision: the impact of research on clinical management. Clin Exp Optom. 2011;94:121\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2010.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"108_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2013.02.015","volume":"90","author":"GS Rubin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rubin GS. Measuring reading performance. Vis Res. 2013;90:43\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2013.02.015.","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"108_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12429","volume":"38","author":"L Tarita-Nistor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tarita-Nistor L, Gonz\u00e1lez EG, Mandelcorn MS, Brent MH, Markowitz SN, Steinbach MJ. The reading accessibility index and quality of reading grid of patients with central vision loss. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2018;38:88\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.12429.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"108_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4798","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24716","volume":"59","author":"YZ Xiong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xiong YZ, Calabr\u00e8se A, Cheong AMY, Legge GE. Reading acuity as a predictor of low-vision reading performance. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018;59:4798\u2013803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.18-24716.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"108_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2013.01.013","volume":"47","author":"S Critten","year":"2013","unstructured":"Critten S, Pine KJ, Messer DJ. Handwriting and personality: writing style predicts self-perception of personality. J Res Pers. 2013;47:290\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jrp.2013.01.013.","journal-title":"J Res Pers"},{"key":"108_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.1700","volume":"131","author":"HE Whitson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Whitson HE, Whitaker D, Potter G, McConnell E, Tripp F, Sanders LL, et al. A low-vision rehabilitation program for patients with mild cognitive deficits. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013;131:912\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.1700.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"108_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Billah SM, Ashok V, Ramakrishnan IV. Write-it-Yourself with the Aid of Smartwatches: A Wizard-of-Oz Experiment with Blind People. In: Knijnenburg BP, Fincher SA, Yasumura M, De Angeli A, editors. Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI \u201918). New York: Association for Computing Machinery; 2018. p. 427\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3172944.3173005.","DOI":"10.1145\/3172944.3173005"},{"key":"108_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu Z, Yu C, Xu X, Wei T, Zou T, Wang R, Shi Y. LightWrite: Teach Handwriting to the Visually Impaired with a Smartphone. In: Kitamura Y, Quigley A, Isbister K, Igarashi T, editors. Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI \u201921); 2021 May 8\u201313; Yokohama, Japan. New York, New York, USA: Association for Computing Machinery; 2021. p. 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3411764.3445322.","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445322"},{"key":"108_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salthouse TA. Major issues in cognitive aging. New York: Oxford University Press; 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195372151.001.0001.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195372151.001.0001"},{"key":"108_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104303","volume":"129","author":"S Guven","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guven S, Uysal A. Kinematic analysis of handwriting movements and pencil grip patterns in children with low vision. Res Dev Disabil. 2022;129:104303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104303.","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"108_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7402397010p1","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2020.742003","volume":"74","author":"J Kaldenberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaldenberg J, Smallfield S. Occupational therapy practice guidelines for older adults with low vision. Am J Occup Ther. 2020;74:7402397010p1\u2013p23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5014\/ajot.2020.742003.","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"key":"108_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1177\/0264619611409753","volume":"29","author":"A Reimer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reimer A. Improvement of fine motor skills in children with visual impairment: an explorative study. Br J Vis Impair. 2011;29:165\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0264619611409753.","journal-title":"Br J Vis Impair"},{"key":"108_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.119392","volume":"61","author":"S Ganesh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ganesh S, Sethi S, Srivastav S, Chaudhary A. Impact of low vision rehabilitation on functional vision performance of children with visual impairment. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2013;61:465\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0301-4738.119392.","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"108_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/08856257.2016.1254971","volume":"32","author":"R Hewett","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hewett R, Douglas G, McLinden M, Keil S. Developing an inclusive learning environment for students with visual impairment in higher education: progressive mutual accommodation and learner experiences in the United Kingdom. Eur J Spec Needs Educ. 2017;32:89\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08856257.2016.1254971.","journal-title":"Eur J Spec Needs Educ"},{"key":"108_CR35","unstructured":"Tuttle DW, Tuttle NR. Self-esteem and adjusting with blindness: the process of responding to life\u2019s demands. 2nd ed. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas; 1996."},{"key":"108_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200407000-00006","volume":"81","author":"K Pesudovs","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pesudovs K, FitzGerald AM, Garamendi E, Elliott DB. A revised scoring algorithm for the Impact of Vision Impairment questionnaire. Optom Vis Sci. 2004;81:508\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006324-200407000-00006.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"108_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.08.014","volume":"256","author":"JR Ehrlich","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ehrlich JR, Andrews C, Kumagai A, Goldstein J, Jayasundera KT, Stelmack J, et al. Development and validation of the Low Vision Severely Constricted Peripheral Eyesight (LV-SCOPE) questionnaire. Am J Ophthalmol. 2023;256:70\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.08.014.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"108_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482X0409800306","volume":"98","author":"GR Watson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Watson GR, Wright V, Wyse E, De l\u2019Aune W. A writing assessment for persons with age-related vision loss. J Vis Impair Blind. 2004;98:160\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0145482X0409800306.","journal-title":"J Vis Impair Blind"},{"key":"108_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1145\/1102187.1102189","volume":"5","author":"SJ Czaja","year":"2007","unstructured":"Czaja SJ. Lee CC. The impact of aging on access to technology. Univ Access Inf Soc. 2007;5:341\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1102187.1102189.","journal-title":"Univ Access Inf Soc"},{"key":"108_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/17483107.2021.1883277","volume":"18","author":"RC Martin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martin RC, Murphy M, Chan M. Examining the adoption of assistive technology in older adults with vision loss. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2021;18:11\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17483107.2021.1883277.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol"},{"key":"108_CR41","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"MC McDonnall","year":"2025","unstructured":"McDonnall MC, Trinkowsky RS. Assistive technology innovations: perceptions, adoption and desires. Assist Technol Outcomes Benefits. 2025;19:1\u201316.","journal-title":"Assist Technol Outcomes Benefits"},{"key":"108_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Malkin AG, Bittner AK, Ho J, Idman-Rait C, Estabrook M, Ross NC; CARE Study Team. Factors related to training time and achieving proficiency with visual-assistive mobile applications in visually impaired older adults. Optom Vis Sci. 2024;101:351\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OPX.0000000000002135.","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000002135"},{"key":"108_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.13.1.6","volume":"13","author":"AK Bittner","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bittner AK, Kaminski JE, Yoshinaga PD, Shepherd JD, Chan TL, Malkin AG, et al. Outcomes of telerehabilitation versus in-office training with magnification devices for low vision: a randomized controlled trial. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2024;13:6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.13.1.6.","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"108_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1076\/vimr.4.1.47.15636","volume":"4","author":"D Burmedi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Burmedi D, Becker S, Heyl V, Wahl HW, Himmelsbach I. Emotional and social consequences of age-related low vision: a narrative review. Vis Impair Res. 2002;4:47\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1076\/vimr.4.1.47.15636.","journal-title":"Vis Impair Res"},{"key":"108_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e010527","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010527","volume":"6","author":"C Nollett","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nollett C, Bray N, Bunce C, Casten RJ, Edwards RT, Henson DB, et al. Depression in visual impairment trial (DEPVIT): a randomised controlled trial of depression treatment in people with low vision. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e010527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010527.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"108_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Smith JA, Osborn M. Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In: Smith JA, editor. Qualitative psychology: a practical guide to research methods. 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications; 2008. p. 53\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9780470776278.ch10.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470776278.ch10"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44402-026-00108-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44402-026-00108-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44402-026-00108-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T12:51:21Z","timestamp":1784811081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44402-026-00108-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44402-026-00108-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-5408","1475-1313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-5408","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-1313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 May 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the School Research Ethics Panel (SREP) of the School of Psychology and Sport Science at Anglia Ruskin University (Project ID: ETH2324-3052). All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation. Data were audio-recorded and pseudo-anonymised to protect participant confidentiality.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"Not applicable, as the manuscript does not contain any identifiable individual data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Publish","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}