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Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a concept for predicting the power of an intraocular lens (IOL) and the spectacle refraction after cataract surgery based on aphakic refraction (REFa) using vergence transforms with a two-surface cornea model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This simulation study is based on a large dataset originally used in IOLCon (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.IOLCon.org\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">www.IOLCon.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ) for optimising lens constants. Proxy values for REFa calculated from the available information in this dataset were used to develop a strategy for predicting the effective lens position (ELP). A variety of models, including linear, quadratic, sigmoidal and two stepwise linear models, were evaluated. Using this ELP, vergence transform techniques were applied to derive the IOL power for a given target refraction or the spectacle refraction for a given IOL power. This concept was applied to subsets of the IOLCon dataset with the Hoya Vivinex and the Bausch &amp; Lomb enVista lenses to show the efficiency of the calculation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After evaluating the ELP prediction models on the 22,577 IOLCon data, it was decided to use the sigmoidal model for calculating the ELP corrected by a linear term for the\n                      <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                      constant. Compared with the fully disclosed Castrop formula, the predicted ELP showed a root-mean-squared deviation of 0.221\/0.221\u2009mm with the Vivinex\/enVista lens and the predicted IOL power showed a root-mean-squared deviation of 0.369\/0.375\u2009D.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Where biometric data for a classical IOL power calculation are unavailable, this vergence-based calculation concept may help to identify the appropriate IOL power and to predict the spectacle refraction after cataract surgery. A clinical study with \u2018real\u2019 REFa measurements is required to validate these results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44402-026-00109-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T16:49:52Z","timestamp":1781628592000},"page":"929-937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intraocular Lens Calculation Concept Based on Aphakic Refraction\u2014Considerations on a Cornea Model With Two Refracting Surfaces"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9175-6177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achim","family":"Langenbucher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u00f3ra","family":"Szentm\u00e1ry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Cayless","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jascha Armin","family":"Wendelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"109_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0252102","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252102","volume":"16","author":"A Langenbucher","year":"2021","unstructured":"Langenbucher A, Szentm\u00e1ry N, Cayless A, Weisensee J, Fabian E, Wendelstein J, et al. 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