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Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the prevalence and causes of reduced vision in childhood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cross-sectional analysis included five cohorts aged; 3\u20135 years old (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009986) from the Sydney Paediatric Eye Disease Study (SPEDS), 6 years (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091739) and 12 years (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092345) from the Sydney Myopia Study (SMS) and the 5 year follow-up of SMS at 12 years (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091111) and 17 years (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091649) in the Sydney Adolescent and Vascular Eye disease Study (SAVES). All children had a comprehensive ocular examination, including visual acuity (VA) with and without refractive correction. Reduced uncorrected VA was defined as worse than 6\/12 (logMAR 0.30). A longitudinal analysis was also conducted to identify incident cases of reduced vision between SMS baseline and SAVES follow-up among children assessed at both time points.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall prevalence of reduced vision based on unaided visual acuity increased with age from 4.5% in SPEDS 3\u20135 year olds to 17.7% in SAVES 17 year olds (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The proportion of reduced vision caused by refractive error, amblyopia, strabismus and pathology also varied between cohorts. In the younger cohorts, amblyopia accounted for 21% of SPEDS 3\u20135 year olds and 28% of SMS 6 year olds with reduced vision. There was a substantial decline in the proportion of reduced vision attributed to amblyopia in the older cohorts, while refractive error increased. Myopia contributed to 18% of children with reduced vision in SPEDS 3\u20135 years and SMS 6-year-olds and increased to over 80% in SMS 12-year-olds, SAVES 12-year-olds and 17-year-olds.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Targeted preschool screening for amblyopia is supported as it occupied a higher proportion of\u00a0the younger ages. Community education to promote wearing glasses in adolescence for those with myopia is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44402-026-00128-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T14:52:00Z","timestamp":1781794320000},"page":"870-880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Causes of Reduced Vision in Australian Children"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7727-2360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mythili","family":"Ilango","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2851-4145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn Ailsa","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5947-4719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felicia Christabelle","family":"Adinanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8114-8127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda Nicole","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"128_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69105-8","volume":"368","author":"P Chiang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chiang P, Keeffe J, Le Mesurier R, Taylor H. 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