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Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A novel dynamic optical metric derived from double-pass imaging called the Lacrima Stability Index (LaSI) was evaluated for the objective assessment of tear film stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retinal point spread functions were recorded with an open-view double-pass system at 15.4\u2009Hz with simultaneous pupil tracking. LaSI was defined as the central PSF energy normalised by the total light exiting the eye, and the time-to-90% decay (T90) was introduced as the time for LaSI to decline by 10%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In 39 eyes, LaSI traces remained stable in eyes with normal tear film stability but showed progressive decline in eyes with an unstable tear film. Using a 10-s cutoff to distinguish normal from reduced tear film stability subjects, T90 correctly classified 84.6% of eyes and showed a strong correlation with non-invasive break-up time (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.76,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Agreement with the Ocular Surface Disease Index-6 scores was comparable for T90 and the non-invasive tear break-up time, although differences reflected the known dissociation between signs and symptoms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that LaSI provides a sensitive, time-resolved metric of tear film dynamics, with T90 serving as a clinically interpretable marker of tear film stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44402-026-00156-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T17:42:50Z","timestamp":1785778970000},"page":"1188-1195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic Tear Film Stability Assessed via an Open-View Double-Pass Imaging System"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Spyridon","family":"Tsoukalas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Pennos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Bonel Pla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasios","family":"Charonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Artal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harilaos","family":"Ginis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Christaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"156_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.06.019","volume":"33","author":"R Mont\u00e9s-Mic\u00f3","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mont\u00e9s-Mic\u00f3 R. 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