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J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Facial symmetry is a key determinant of aesthetic balance and functional harmony. Unilateral vertical discrepancies in the maxillary dentition, particularly side-to-side discrepancy in the FH-referenced vertical position of the maxillary first molar (U6), has been hypothesized to be associated with functional mandibular deviation and skeletal asymmetry. However, the relationship between localized dentoalveolar vertical discrepancy and mandibular morphology remains poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-seven patients aged 16\u201335\u00a0years with mandibular asymmetry\u2009\u2265\u20092\u00a0mm on MSCT, operationally defined as a side-to-side difference in total mandibular length (\u0394Co-Go-Gn)\u2009\u2265\u20092\u00a0mm, were included. Three-dimensional cephalometric analysis was performed using ProPlan CMF (Materialise, Belgium). Four variants of the Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane (FH1-FH4) were constructed to evaluate the influence of reference-plane definition on the measurements. Mandibular asymmetry was quantified by differences in ramus length (Co-Go), body length (Go-Gn), and total side length (Co-Go-Gn). The primary independent variable was the vertical discrepancy between FH and U6 (\u0394FH-U6). In addition, a control group of patients (n\u2009=\u200963) with mandibular asymmetry (\u0394Co-Go-Gn)\u2009&lt;\u20092\u00a0mm was included for between-group comparison of \u0394FH-U6.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Weak positive correlations were observed between \u0394FH-U6 and mandibular asymmetry indices, particularly \u0394Co-Go and \u0394Co-Go-Gn (Spearman\u2019s \u03c1\u2009=\u20090.21\u20130.28). \u0394FH-U6 differed across FH-plane definitions (Friedman test,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012), but correlation estimates were comparable across FH constructions. However, the observed correlations were small, and none of the primary correlations remained statistically significant after Benjamini\u2013Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment. Patients with mandibular asymmetry\u2009\u2265\u20092\u00a0mm showed a slightly greater \u0394FH-U6 than controls with asymmetry\u2009&lt;\u20092\u00a0mm (median [IQR]: 0.9 [0.45\u20131.75] mm vs 0.8 [0.2\u20131.3] mm; Mann\u2013Whitney U test,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.049).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FH-referenced vertical discrepancy of the maxillary first molar may show a small exploratory association with mandibular asymmetry and was slightly greater in patients with clinically relevant mandibular asymmetry than in controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44445-026-00163-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T22:19:36Z","timestamp":1774736376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association between frankfurt horizontal\u2013referenced vertical position of the maxillary first molar and mandibular asymmetry: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Bekir","family":"Osmanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavlo","family":"Burlakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrii","family":"Kopchak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"163_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.14235\/bas.galenos.2021.6329","volume":"10","author":"AS Akbulut","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akbulut AS, So\u011fanc\u0131 AE (2022) Craniomandibular asymmetry evaluation of patients with eruption disturbances of second molar teeth. 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All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and from the legal guardians of minors included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"40"}}