{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:32:10Z","timestamp":1765758730189,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006261","name":"Taif University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5169-437-1."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5169-437-1."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Saudi Pharm. J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s44446-025-00007-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T15:49:58Z","timestamp":1745941798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neurobehavioral and molecular changes in rats exposed to either captagon or counterfeit captagon"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3128-2824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuf S.","family":"Althobaiti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Areej H.","family":"Alshanbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doaa S.","family":"Alshoaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman Abdulghani","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanan A.","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saud S.","family":"Aljuaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ammar A.","family":"Alzilifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nwaf K.","family":"Alsulimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osama A.","family":"Alrizqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Turki","family":"Alkhalifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Almalki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walaa F.","family":"Alsanie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Gaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hashem O.","family":"Alsaab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"7_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.004","volume":"152","author":"MA Alabdalla","year":"2005","unstructured":"Alabdalla MA (2005) Chemical characterization of counterfeit captagon tablets seized in Jordan. Forensic Sci Int 152:185\u2013188","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"7_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2020.04.012","volume":"28","author":"HA Alhazmi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alhazmi HA, Ahsan W, Al Bratty M, Javed SA, El-Sharkawy KA, Khalid A, Alsalem HM, Hakami AM, Attafi MA, Oraiby ME (2020) Analysis of amphetamine and methamphetamine contents in seized tablets from Jazan, Saudi Arabia by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS\/MS) and chemometric techniques. Saudi Pharm J 28(6):703\u2013709","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm J"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR3","first-page":"1017","volume":"3","author":"AZA Alshehri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alshehri AZA, Al Qahtani MS, Al Qahtani MA, Faeq AM, Aljohani J (2020) Study of adulterants and diluents in some seized captagontype stimulants. Ann Clin Nutr 3(1):1017","journal-title":"Ann Clin Nutr"},{"key":"7_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(03)46011-1","volume":"146","author":"F Angelucci","year":"2004","unstructured":"Angelucci F, Math\u00e9 AA, Aloe L (2004) Neurotrophic factors and CNS disorders: findings in rodent models of depression and schizophrenia. Prog Brain Res 146:151\u2013165","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"7_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.03.002","volume":"17","author":"F Angelucci","year":"2007","unstructured":"Angelucci F, Gruber SHM, El Khoury A, Tonali PA, Math\u00e9 AA (2007) Chronic amphetamine treatment reduces NGF and BDNF in the rat brain. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 17:756\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.03.002","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"7_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(03)00052-4","volume":"99","author":"JM Brown","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brown JM, Yamamoto BK (2003) Effects of amphetamines on mitochondrial function: role of free radicals and oxidative stress. Pharmacol Ther 99:45\u201353","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"7_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(97)00031-4","volume":"32","author":"JL Cadet","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cadet JL, Brannock C (1998) Invited review free radicals and the pathobiology of brain dopamine systems. Neurochem Int 32:117\u2013131","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"7_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.109872","volume":"99","author":"AJM Chaves Filho","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chaves Filho AJM, Cunha NL, de Souza AG, Soares MV-R, Juc\u00e1 PM, de Queiroz T, Oliveira JVS, Valvassori SS, Barichello T, Quevedo J (2020) The GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide reverses mania-like alterations and memory deficits induced by D-amphetamine and augments lithium effects in mice: relevance for bipolar disorder. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 99:109872","journal-title":"Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01542-0","volume":"11","author":"J Cheron","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheron J, Kerchove d\u2019Exaerde AD (2021) Drug addiction: from bench to bedside. Transl Psych 11(1):424","journal-title":"Transl Psych"},{"key":"7_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.3390\/pr10040687","volume":"10","author":"L Coman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coman L, P\u0103unescu H, Ghi\u021b\u0103 CIV, \u021aincu RC, Vasile S, Cinteza D, Fulga I, Coman OA (2022) Paracetamol-Induced Hypothermia in Rodents: a review on pharmacodynamics. Processes 10:687","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"7_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1515\/REVNEURO.1998.9.2.91","volume":"9","author":"JM Conner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Conner JM, Lauterborn JC, Gall CM (1998) Anterograde transport of neurotrophin proteins in the CNS-a reassessment of the neurotrophic hypothesis. Rev Neurosci 9:91\u2013104","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"7_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.08.022","volume":"217","author":"T Cunha-Oliveira","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cunha-Oliveira T, Rego AC, Morgadinho MT, Macedo T, Oliveira CR (2006) Differential cytotoxic responses of PC12 cells chronically exposed to psychostimulants or to hydrogen peroxide. Toxicol 217:54\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2005.08.022","journal-title":"Toxicol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"7_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)91377-d","volume":"568","author":"SL Di Lullo","year":"1991","unstructured":"Di Lullo SL, Martin-Iverson MT (1991) Presynaptic dopaminergic neurotransmission mediates amphetamine-induced unconditioned but not amphetamine-conditioned locomotion and defecation in the rat. Brain Res 568(1\u20132):45\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(91)91377-d","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"#cr-split#-7_CR14.1","unstructured":"Drug Enforcement Administration (2003) Fenethylline and the Middle East: a brief summary [Internet]. Springfield (VA): Drug Enforcement Administration"},{"key":"#cr-split#-7_CR14.2","unstructured":"[cited 2025 Apr 6], p 4. Available from: https:\/\/www.ojp.gov\/ncjrs\/virtual-library\/abstracts\/fenethylline-and-middle-east-brief-summaryh"},{"key":"7_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)37016-8","volume":"283","author":"AE Fleckenstein","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fleckenstein AE, Wilkins DG, Gibb JW, Hanson GR (1997) Interaction between hyperthermia and oxygen radical formation in the 5-hydroxytryptaminergic response to a single methamphetamine administration. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 283:281\u2013285","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"7_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2024.102188","volume":"32","author":"Seraphina Fong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fong Seraphina et al (2024) Captagon: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis (1962\u20132024) of its global impact, health and mortality risks. Saudi Pharma J 32(11):102188","journal-title":"Saudi Pharma J"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00779","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00779-21","volume":"60","author":"BL Freitas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Freitas BL, Leach L, Chaturvedi V, Chaturvedi S (2022) Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assay for the rapid enumeration of live Candida auris cells from the health care environment. J Clin Microbiol 60(2):e00779-21","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"7_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.05.006","volume":"68","author":"GR Fries","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fries GR, Valvassori SS, Bock H, Stertz L, da Silva Magalhaes PV, Mariot E, Varela RB, Kauer-Sant\u2019Anna M, Quevedo J, Kapczinski F, Saraiva-Pereira ML (2015) Memory and brain-derived neurotrophic factor after subchronic or chronic amphetamine treatment in an animal model of mania. J Psychiatr Res 68:329\u201336","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"7_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585852","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.585852","volume":"11","author":"L He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He L, Liao Y, Wu Q, Liu T (2020) Association between brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism and methamphetamine use disorder: a meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 11:585852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.585852","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"7_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.677","volume":"24","author":"EJ Huang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Huang EJ, Reichardt LF (2001) Neurotrophins: roles in neuronal development and function. Annu Rev Neurosci 24:677\u2013736","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"7_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08224.x","volume":"844","author":"S Jayanthi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jayanthi S, Ladenheim B, Cadet JL (1998) Methamphetamine-induced changes in antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in copper\/zinc-superoxide dismutase transgenic mice. Ann N Y Acad Sci 844:92\u2013102","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"7_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12584","volume":"2119","author":"M Katselou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Katselou M, Papoutsis I, Nikolaou P, Qammaz S, Spiliopoulou C, Athanaselis S (2016) Fenethylline (captagon) abuse\u2013local problems from an old drug become universal. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2119:133\u2013140","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"7_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(86)90007-4","volume":"17","author":"W Keup","year":"1986","unstructured":"Keup W (1986) Use, indications and distribution in different countries of the stimulant and hallucinogenic amphetamine derivatives under consideration by WHO. Drug Alcohol Depend 17:169\u2013192","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"7_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-010-0477-5","volume":"118","author":"EA Kiyatkin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kiyatkin EA, Sharma HS (2011) Expression of heat shock protein (HSP 72 kDa) during acute methamphetamine intoxication depends on brain hyperthermia: neurotoxicity or neuroprotection? J Neural Transm 118:47\u201360","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"7_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koob GF, Arends MA, Le Moal M (2014) Drugs, addiction, and the brain. Academic Press.\u00a0https:\/\/shop.elsevier.com\/books\/drugs-addiction-and-the-brain\/koob\/978-0-12-386937-1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-386937-1.00001-5"},{"key":"7_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(86)90012-8","volume":"17","author":"G Kristen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kristen G, Schaefer A, Von Schlichtegroll A (1986) Fenetylline: therapeutic use, misuse and\/or abuse. Drug Alcohol Depend 17:259\u2013271","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"7_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.940","volume":"20","author":"M Kuloglu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kuloglu M, Ustundag B, Atmaca M, Canatan H, Tezcan AE, Cinkilinc N (2002) Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Cell Biochem Funct 20:171\u2013175","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Funct"},{"key":"7_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)01980-2","volume":"308","author":"B-V Lim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lim B-V, Jang M-H, Shin M-C, Kim H-B, Kim Y-J, Kim Y-P, Chung J-H, Kim H, Shin M-S, Kim S-S (2001) Caffeine inhibits exercise-induced increase in tryptophan hydroxylase expression in dorsal and median raphe of Sprague-Dawley rats. Neurosci Lett 308:25\u201328","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"7_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2021.108466","volume":"186","author":"R Maldonado","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maldonado R, Calv\u00e9 P, Garc\u00eda-Blanco A, Domingo-Rodriguez L, Senabre E, Mart\u00edn-Garc\u00eda E (2021) Vulnerability to addiction. Neuropharmacology 186:108466","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"7_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2007.01.001","volume":"81","author":"CP M\u00fcller","year":"2007","unstructured":"M\u00fcller CP, Carey RJ, Huston JP, Silva MADS (2007) Serotonin and psychostimulant addiction: focus on 5-HT1A-receptors. Prog Neurobiol 81:133\u2013178","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"7_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1081\/DMR-100100562","volume":"32","author":"F Musshoff","year":"2000","unstructured":"Musshoff F (2000) Illegal or legitimate use? Precursor compounds to amphetamine and methamphetamine. Drug Metab Rev 32:15\u201344","journal-title":"Drug Metab Rev"},{"key":"7_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.2298\/JSC0807691N","volume":"73","author":"M Neve\u0161\u0107anin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Neve\u0161\u0107anin M, Banovi\u0107 Stevi\u0107 S, Petrovi\u0107 SD, Vajs V (2008) Analysis of amphetamines illegally produced in Serbia. J Serb Chem Soc 73:691\u2013701","journal-title":"J Serb Chem Soc"},{"key":"7_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(86)90011-6","volume":"17","author":"B Nickel","year":"1986","unstructured":"Nickel B, Niebch G, Peter G, Von Schlichtegroll A, Tibes U (1986) Fenetylline: new results on pharmacology, metabolism and kinetics. Drug Alcohol Depend 17:235\u2013257","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"7_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(81)90171-4","volume":"15","author":"EB Nielsen","year":"1981","unstructured":"Nielsen EB (1981) Rapid decline of stereotyped behavior in rats during constant one week administration of amphetamine via implanted ALZET\u221a Osmotic Minipumps. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 15:161\u2013165","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"7_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200403000-00006","volume":"19","author":"ME Ozcan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ozcan ME, Gulec M, Ozerol E, Polat R, Akyol O (2004) Antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress in affective disorders. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 19:89\u201395","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"7_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(03)00220-8","volume":"121","author":"PK Ranjekar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ranjekar PK, Hinge A, Hegde MV, Ghate M, Kale A, Sitasawad S, Wagh UV, Debsikdar VB, Mahadik SP (2003) Decreased antioxidant enzymes and membrane essential polyunsaturated fatty acids in schizophrenic and bipolar mood disorder patients. Psychiatry Res 121:109\u2013122","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"7_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rasel AK, Adnan G, Abid H, Nahid N, N RD (2018) Alarming signals of drug addiction among the southern youths in Bangladesh: a survey based research.\u00a0 Int J Clin Biomed Res 4(4):17\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31878\/ijcbr.2018.44.04","DOI":"10.31878\/ijcbr.2018.44.04"},{"key":"7_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050249","volume":"130","author":"GV Rebec","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rebec GV, White IM, Puotz JK (1997) Responses of neurons in dorsal striatum during amphetamine-induced focused stereotypy. Psychopharmacology 130:343\u2013351","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"7_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2604","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002604","volume":"95","author":"W Ren","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ren W, Tao J, Wei Y, Su H, Zhang J, Xie Y, Guo J, Zhang X, Zhang H, He J (2016) Time-dependent serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor decline during methamphetamine withdrawal. Medicine (Baltimore) 95:e2604\u2013e2604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000002604","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"7_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(86)90002-0","volume":"11","author":"TE Robinson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Robinson TE, Becker JB (1986) Enduring changes in brain and behavior produced by chronic amphetamine administration: a review and evaluation of animal models of amphetamine psychosis. Brain Res Rev 11:157\u2013198","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"7_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1021\/tx700210j","volume":"21","author":"LM Sayre","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sayre LM, Perry G, Smith MA (2008) Oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 21:172\u2013188","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"7_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5357-2","volume":"257","author":"P Scalzo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scalzo P, K\u00fcmmer A, Bretas TL, Cardoso F, Teixeira AL (2010) Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor correlate with motor impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol 257:540\u2013545","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"7_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00428320","volume":"66","author":"E Schi\u00f8rring","year":"1979","unstructured":"Schi\u00f8rring E (1979) An open field study of stereotyped locomotor activity in amphetamine-treated rats. Psychopharmacol 66:281\u2013287","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"7_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)13357-9","volume":"44","author":"S Schuldiner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schuldiner S, Steiner-Mordoch S, Yelin R, Wall SC, Rudnick G (1993) Amphetamine derivatives interact with both plasma membrane and secretory vesicle biogenic amine transporters. Mol Pharmacol 44:1227\u20131231","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR45","first-page":"39","volume":"53","author":"AS Shalaby","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shalaby AS, Nassar OMB, Bahanan AO, Alshehri MH, Abou Elzahab NFN (2023) Captagone & morbid jealousy. Psychopharmacol Bull 53(1):39","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"7_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.01.015","volume":"263","author":"Y-L Shen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shen Y-L, Chang T-Y, Chang Y-C, Tien H-H, Yang F-C, Wang P-Y, Liao R-M (2014) Elevated BDNF mRNA expression in the medial prefrontal cortex after d-amphetamine reinstated conditioned place preference in rats. Neurosci 263:88\u201395","journal-title":"Neurosci"},{"key":"7_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.12.005","volume":"15","author":"G Shoval","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shoval G, Weizman A (2005) The possible role of neurotrophins in the pathogenesis and therapy of schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 15:319\u2013329","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"7_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2013-1094","volume":"36","author":"L Stertz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stertz L, Fries GR, Aguiar BW, Pfaffenseller B, Valvassori SS, Gubert C, Ferreira CL, Moretti M, Ceres\u00e9r KM, Kauer-Sant\u2019Anna M, Quevedo J (2013) Histone deacetylase activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in a pharmacological model of mania. Braz J Psychiatry 36:39\u201346","journal-title":"Braz J Psychiatry"},{"key":"7_CR49","first-page":"195","volume":"80","author":"KL Stone","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stone KL, Bjornson RD, Blasko GG, Bruce C, Cofrancesco R, Carriero NJ, Colangelo CM, Crawford JK, Crawford JM (2007) Genomics and proteomics Issue: keck foundation biotechnology resource laboratory, Yale University. Yale J Biol Med 80:195","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"7_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.070961","volume":"311","author":"DM Thomas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thomas DM, Walker PD, Benjamins JA, Geddes TJ, Kuhn DM (2004) Methamphetamine neurotoxicity in dopamine nerve endings of the striatum is associated with microglial activation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 311:1\u20137","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"7_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.10.370","volume":"245","author":"SS Valvassori","year":"2019","unstructured":"Valvassori SS, Mariot E, Varela RB, Bavaresco DV, Dal-Pont GC, Ferreira CL, Andersen ML, Tye SJ, Quevedo J (2019) The role of neurotrophic factors in manic-, anxious-and depressive-like behaviors induced by amphetamine sensitization: implications to the animal model of bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 245:1106\u20131113","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"7_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13262","volume":"111","author":"MC Van Hout","year":"2016","unstructured":"Van Hout MC, Wells J (2016) Is Captagon (fenethylline) helping to fuel the Syrian conflict? Addiction 111:748\u2013749","journal-title":"Addiction"}],"container-title":["Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44446-025-00007-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44446-025-00007-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44446-025-00007-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T10:16:12Z","timestamp":1747995372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44446-025-00007-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["7"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44446-025-00007-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1319-0164","2213-7475"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1319-0164"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2213-7475"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}},{"value":"The experimental techniques of animal study were authorized by Taif University's Research Ethics Committee in compliance with the National Institutes of Health's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee requirements (IRB number: 42\u20130112).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics declaration"}}],"article-number":"7"}}