{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T12:51:41Z","timestamp":1792759901830,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7202123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7202123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Saudi Pharm. J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s44446-025-00037-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T15:29:34Z","timestamp":1760023774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Baicalin nano-micelles for dry eye disease: LC\u2013MS\/MS method validation, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in preclinical models"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Ziheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisha","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingbin","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxv","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changhai","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"37_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.01.041","volume":"539","author":"O Ashraf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ashraf O, Nasr M, Nebsen M, Said AMA, Sammour O (2018) In vitro stabilization and in vivo improvement of ocular pharmacokinetics of the multi-therapeutic agent baicalin: delineating the most suitable vesicular systems. Int J Pharm 539:83\u201394","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"37_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4205","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14024","volume":"174","author":"S Awwad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Awwad S, Mohamed Ahmed AHA, Sharma G, Heng JS, Khaw PT, Brocchini S, Lockwood A (2017) Principles of pharmacology in the eye. Br J Pharmacol 174:4205\u20134223","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"37_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16040570","author":"A Bajek-Bil","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bajek-Bil A, Chmiel M, W\u0142och A, Stompor-Gor\u0105cy M (2023) Baicalin-current trends in detection methods and health-promoting properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph16040570","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"37_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.960","volume":"8","author":"M Bao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bao M, Ma Y, Liang M, Sun X, Ju X, Yong Y, Liu X (2022) Research progress on pharmacological effects and new dosage forms of baicalin. Vet Med Sci 8:2773\u20132784","journal-title":"Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"37_CR5","first-page":"3963","volume":"2022","author":"N Basson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Basson N, Alimahomed F, Geoghegan PH, Williams SE, Ho WH (2022) An aqueous humour fluid dynamic study for normal and glaucomatous eye conditions. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2022:3963\u20133966","journal-title":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"37_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Begines B, Ortiz T, P\u00e9rez-Aranda M, Mart\u00ednez G, Merinero M, Arg\u00fcelles-Arias F, Alcudia A (2020) Polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery: recent developments and future prospects. Nanomaterials (Basel) 10","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10071403"},{"key":"37_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2024.109904","volume":"243","author":"V Benagiano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Benagiano V, Rizzi A, Sannace C, Alessio G, Ribatti D, Dammacco R (2024) Aqueous humor as eye lymph: A crossroad between venous and lymphatic system. Exp Eye Res 243:109904","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"37_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1159\/000525696","volume":"65","author":"Y Cai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cai Y, Wei J, Zhou J, Zou W (2022) Prevalence and incidence of dry eye disease in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmic Res 65:647\u2013658","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"37_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246974","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1246974","volume":"11","author":"R Cai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cai R, Zhang L, Chi H (2023) Recent development of polymer nanomicelles in the treatment of eye diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 11:1246974","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"37_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-019-0326-x","volume":"21","author":"PS Chan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chan PS, Xian JW, Li Q, Chan CW, Leung SSY, To KKW (2019) Biodegradable thermosensitive PLGA-PEG-PLGA polymer for non-irritating and sustained ophthalmic drug delivery. AAPS J 21:59","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"key":"37_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.121463","volume":"317","author":"P Chaudhari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chaudhari P, Satarker S, Thomas R, Theruveethi N, Ghate V, Nampoothiri M, Lewis SA (2023) Rodent models for dry eye syndrome: standardization using benzalkonium chloride and scopolamine hydrobromide. Life Sci 317:121463","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"37_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.10.006","volume":"148","author":"SX Feng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Feng SX, Li XH, Wang MM, Hao R, Li MM, Zhang L, Wang Z (2018) A sensitive HPLC-MS method for simultaneous determination of thirteen components in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study of Tanreqing injection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 148:205\u2013213","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"37_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2018.12.001","volume":"42","author":"A Herbaut","year":"2019","unstructured":"Herbaut A, Liang H, Denoyer A, Baudouin C, Labb\u00e9 A (2019) Tear film analysis and evaluation of optical quality: a review of the literature. J Fr Ophtalmol 42:e21\u2013e35","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"key":"37_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s13318-018-0509-3","volume":"44","author":"T Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang T, Liu Y, Zhang C (2019) Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability enhancement of Baicalin: a review. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 44:159\u2013168","journal-title":"Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"37_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.4815","volume":"138","author":"T Inomata","year":"2020","unstructured":"Inomata T, Iwagami M, Nakamura M, Shiang T, Yoshimura Y, Fujimoto K, Okumura Y, Eguchi A, Iwata N, Miura M et al (2020) Characteristics and risk factors associated with diagnosed and undiagnosed symptomatic dry eye using a smartphone application. JAMA Ophthalmol 138:58\u201368","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"37_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2022.01.010","volume":"67","author":"RK Khanna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khanna RK, Catanese S, Emond P, Corcia P, Blasco H, Pisella PJ (2022) Metabolomics and lipidomics approaches in human tears: a systematic review. Surv Ophthalmol 67:1229\u20131243","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"37_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12146","volume":"65","author":"B Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li B, He M, Li W, Luo Z, Guo Y, Li Y, Zang C, Wang B, Li F, Li S et al (2013) Dissolution and pharmacokinetics of baicalin-polyvinylpyrrolidone coprecipitate. J Pharm Pharmacol 65:1670\u20131678","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"37_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23071747","author":"N Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li N, Feng L, Tan Y, Xiang Y, Zhang R, Yang M (2018) Preparation, characterization, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of baicalin-loaded liposome on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion after i.v. administration in rats. Molecules. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules23071747","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"37_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11267","volume":"106","author":"JJ Liu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liu JJ, Huang TS, Cheng WF, Lu FJ (2003) Baicalein and baicalin are potent inhibitors of angiogenesis: inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Int J Cancer 106:559\u2013565","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"37_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114498","volume":"214","author":"Z Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu Z, Liu T, Zhou X, Yang Y, Liu Y, Zhou H, Wei S, Zhai Z, Wu Y, Sun F et al (2022) Rapid and quantitative detection of tear MMP-9 for dry eye patients using a novel silicon nanowire-based biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 214:114498","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"37_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3207","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S319260","volume":"15","author":"L Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma L, Wu F, Shao Q, Chen G, Xu L, Lu F (2021) Baicalin alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy via Nrf2 and MAPK signaling pathway. Drug des Devel Ther 15:3207\u20133221","journal-title":"Drug des Devel Ther"},{"key":"37_CR22","first-page":"113","volume":"17","author":"M Meloni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meloni M, De Servi B, Marasco D, Del Prete S (2011) Molecular mechanism of ocular surface damage: application to an in vitro dry eye model on human corneal epithelium. Mol vis 17:113\u2013126","journal-title":"Mol vis"},{"key":"37_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106206","volume":"175","author":"HB Mohamed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohamed HB, Abd El-Hamid BN, Fathalla D, Fouad EA (2022) Current trends in pharmaceutical treatment of dry eye disease: a review. Eur J Pharm Sci 175:106206","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"37_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2841_22","volume":"71","author":"P Narang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Narang P, Donthineni PR, D\u2019Souza S, Basu S (2023) Evaporative dry eye disease due to meibomian gland dysfunction: preferred practice pattern guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Indian J Ophthalmol 71:1348\u20131356","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"37_CR25","unstructured":"National Research Council Committee for the Update of the Guide for the C, and Use of Laboratory A (2011) The national academies collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. In guide for the care and use of laboratory animals (Washington (DC): National academies press (US) Copyright \u00a9 2011, National Academy of Sciences.)."},{"key":"37_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2016.01.001","volume":"14","author":"VL Perez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Perez VL, Pflugfelder SC, Zhang S, Shojaei A, Haque R (2016) Lifitegrast, a novel integrin antagonist for treatment of dry eye disease. Ocul Surf 14:207\u2013215","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"37_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108294","volume":"201","author":"VL Perez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Perez VL, Stern ME, Pflugfelder SC (2020) Inflammatory basis for dry eye disease flares. Exp Eye Res 201:108294","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"37_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2019.0060","volume":"36","author":"LM Periman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Periman LM, Perez VL, Saban DR, Lin MC, Neri P (2020) The immunological basis of dry eye disease and current topical treatment options. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 36:137\u2013146","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"37_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850757","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2022.850757","volume":"10","author":"MS Razavi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Razavi MS, Ebrahimnejad P, Fatahi Y, D\u2019Emanuele A, Dinarvand R (2022) Recent developments of nanostructures for the ocular delivery of natural compounds. Front Chem 10:850757","journal-title":"Front Chem"},{"key":"37_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.03.035","volume":"333","author":"L Rebibo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rebibo L, Tam C, Sun Y, Shoshani E, Badihi A, Nassar T, Benita S (2021) Topical tacrolimus nanocapsules eye drops for therapeutic effect enhancement in both anterior and posterior ocular inflammation models. J Control Release 333:283\u2013297","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"37_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.109083","volume":"219","author":"A Recchioni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Recchioni A, Mocciardini E, Ponzini E, Tavazzi S (2022) Viscoelastic properties of the human tear film. Exp Eye Res 219:109083","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"37_CR32","first-page":"i4617","volume":"354","author":"E Skiadaresi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Skiadaresi E, Huang J, McAlinden C (2016) Diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of dry eye disease. BMJ (Clin Res Ed) 354:i4617","journal-title":"BMJ (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"37_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21081067","author":"C Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun C, Wang H, Wang Y, Xiao S (2016) Rapid isolation and determination of flavones in biological samples using zinc complexation coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. Molecules. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules21081067","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"37_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1159\/000502614","volume":"105","author":"HJ Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun HJ, Jin XM, Xu J, Xiao Q (2020) Baicalin alleviates age-related macular degeneration via miR-223\/NLRP3-regulated pyroptosis. Pharmacology 105:28\u201338","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"37_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.01.014","volume":"141","author":"L Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun L, Zhang M, Shi Y, Fang L, Cao F (2022) Rational design of mixed nanomicelle eye drops with structural integrity investigation. Acta Biomater 141:164\u2013177","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"37_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11010070","author":"SM Tawfik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tawfik SM, Azizov S, Elmasry MR, Sharipov M, Lee YI (2020) Recent advances in nanomicelles delivery systems. Nanomaterials. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano11010070","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"37_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-022-02287-3","volume":"395","author":"M Tawfik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tawfik M, Chen F, Goldberg JL, Sabel BA (2022) Nanomedicine and drug delivery to the retina: current status and implications for gene therapy. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 395:1477\u20131507","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"37_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114127","volume":"180","author":"BR Thompson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thompson BR, Shi J, Zhu HJ, Smith DE (2020) Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and its amino acid ester prodrug following intravenous and oral administrations in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 180:114127","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"37_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21239271","author":"K Tsubota","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tsubota K, Pflugfelder SC, Liu Z, Baudouin C, Kim HM, Messmer EM, Kruse F, Liang L, Carreno-Galeano JT, Rolando M et al (2020) Defining dry eye from a clinical perspective. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21239271","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"37_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212368","author":"A Vaneev","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vaneev A, Tikhomirova V, Chesnokova N, Popova E, Beznos O, Kost O, Klyachko N (2021) Nanotechnology for topical drug delivery to the anterior segment of the eye. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222212368","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 126","key":"37_CR41","first-page":"301","volume":"38","author":"J Vehof","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vehof J, Utheim TP, Bootsma H, Hammond CJ (2020) Advances, limitations and future perspectives in the diagnosis and management of dry eye in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 38(Suppl 126):301\u2013309","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"37_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.109191","volume":"222","author":"A Vereertbrugghen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vereertbrugghen A, Galletti JG (2022) Corneal nerves and their role in dry eye pathophysiology. Exp Eye Res 222:109191","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"37_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026623666221128144258","volume":"23","author":"J Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang J, Feng X, Li Z, Liu Y, Yang W, Zhang T, Guo P, Liu Z, Qi D, Pi J (2023) The flavonoid components of Scutellaria baicalensis: biopharmaceutical properties and their improvement using nanoformulation techniques. Curr Top Med Chem 23:17\u201329","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"key":"37_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2020.122200","volume":"1151","author":"L Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu L, Du S, Yang F, Ni Z, Chen Z, Liu X, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Li W, Qin K (2020) Simultaneous determination of nineteen compounds of Dahuang zhechong pill in rat plasma by UHPLC-MS\/MS and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 1151:122200","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"37_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14061277","author":"H Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu H, Xu Y, Cai M, You L, Liu J, Dong X, Yin X, Ni J, Qu C (2022) Design of an l-valine-modified nanomicelle-based drug delivery system for overcoming ocular surface barriers. Pharmaceutics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics14061277","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"37_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2014.0074","volume":"30","author":"JR Xiao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xiao JR, Do CW, To CH (2014) Potential therapeutic effects of baicalein, baicalin, and wogonin in ocular disorders. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 30:605\u2013614","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"37_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10040900","author":"W Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu W, Niu Y, Ai X, Xia C, Geng P, Zhu H, Zhou W, Huang H, Shi X (2022) Liver-targeted nanoparticles facilitate the bioavailability and anti-HBV efficacy of Baicalin in vitro and in vivo. Biomedicines. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines10040900","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"37_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2109865","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202109865","volume":"34","author":"M Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang M, Xu W, Chen Z, Chen M, Zhang X, He H, Wu Y, Chen X, Zhang T, Yan M et al (2022) Engineering hibiscus-like riboflavin\/ZIF-8 microsphere composites to enhance transepithelial corneal cross-linking. Adv Mater 34:e2109865","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"37_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112690","volume":"148","author":"W Yingrui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yingrui W, Zheng L, Guoyan L, Hongjie W (2022) Research progress of active ingredients of Scutellaria baicalensis in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Biomed Pharmacother 148:112690","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"37_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2018.1458923","volume":"25","author":"Y Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu Y, Chen D, Li Y, Yang W, Tu J, Shen Y (2018) Improving the topical ocular pharmacokinetics of lyophilized cyclosporine A-loaded micelles: formulation, in vitro and in vivo studies. Drug Deliv 25:888\u2013899","journal-title":"Drug Deliv"},{"key":"37_CR51","first-page":"107","volume":"77","author":"M Zemanov\u00e1","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zemanov\u00e1 M (2021) Dry eye disease. A review. Cesk Slov Oftalmol 77:107\u2013119","journal-title":"Cesk Slov Oftalmol"},{"key":"37_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.108.021121","volume":"36","author":"T Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang T, Xiang CD, Gale D, Carreiro S, Wu EY, Zhang EY (2008) Drug transporter and cytochrome P450 mRNA expression in human ocular barriers: implications for ocular drug disposition. Drug Metab Dispos 36:1300\u20131307","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"37_CR53","first-page":"2321","volume":"21","author":"H Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao H, Li C, Li L, Liu J, Gao Y, Mu K, Chen D, Lu A, Ren Y, Li Z (2020) Baicalin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and fibroblast proliferation in rats via the PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 21:2321\u20132334","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"37_CR54","first-page":"684","volume":"43","author":"HC Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou HC, Du R, Wang H, Zeng FL, Shi K, Li JM, Zong Y (2018) Advance in studies on pharmacokinetics of baicalin. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 43:684\u2013688","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"}],"container-title":["Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44446-025-00037-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44446-025-00037-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44446-025-00037-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T10:02:37Z","timestamp":1762941757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44446-025-00037-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["37"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44446-025-00037-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1319-0164","2213-7475"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1319-0164","type":"print"},{"value":"2213-7475","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained for the conduct of this work, which is listed in the batch number in the article, all authors contributed to this work, which is listed in the author's contribution at the end of the article, all authors have approved the article for publication, and there is no conflict of interest between the authors. Funding for supporting this work is also noted in the acknowledgement. The authors vouch for the authenticity of the data presented in the content and that the data have not been falsified.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statement"}}],"article-number":"39"}}