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Muscle stem cells (MuSCs), which proliferate, differentiate, and fuse into multinucleated myofibers, are the principal cell source for muscle tissue engineering. However, commercial-scale production remains limited by the restricted proliferative and myogenic potential of MuSCs during extended in vitro expansion, the lack of cost-effective and food-safe culture media, and the challenge of recreating the complex architecture of native skeletal muscle. Addressing these limitations requires integrated advances in serum-free media optimization, identification of functional components via in silico and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven approaches, biomaterial scaffold engineering, and scalable bioprocessing. Current evidence suggests that no single technological breakthrough is sufficient; rather, convergence across cell biology, computational media design, and bioprocess engineering is essential. This review provides a comprehensive framework for addressing these scientific and technical barriers and discusses strategies that may support the development of safe, affordable, and structurally relevant cultured meat products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44463-026-00108-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T06:46:38Z","timestamp":1791009998000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MuSC cultivation for cultured meat production: recent advances, current limitations, and future directions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Eun Ju","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1095-8445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khurshid","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibhghatulla","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0375-8170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong Ho","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Sayeed","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min- Soo","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"108_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7100148","author":"K Ahmad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahmad, K., Lee, E. 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