{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:00:08Z","timestamp":1781647208390,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Sleep Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is the gold standard treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), yet adherence remains suboptimal. Mask leak is a common barrier, but current leak metrics don\u2019t distinguish intentional from unintentional leak. We evaluated a novel \u201cReal Leak\u201d measure and compared its relationship to adherence with conventional leak metrics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a secondary analysis of the HomePAP trial, which randomized adults at high risk for OSA to home sleep apnea testing or in-laboratory polysomnography, followed by PAP initiation. Real Leak was calculated by subtracting mask-specific intentional leak from device-reported Average Leak, essentially representing unintentional leak over 1 month. PAP adherence was defined as\n                      <jats:italic>\u2265<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20094\u00a0h\/night on \u2265\u200970% of nights at 1 and 3 months. Pearson correlations and multivariable linear regression adjusted for age, sex, BMI, race, education, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and apnea-hypopnea index.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data were available for 139 and 124 participants at 1 and 3 months, respectively. At 3 months, adherence was 46.2%. Real Leak and Average Leak were highly correlated and inversely associated with adherence (rho[95%CI]: 1-month 0.73 [0.61,0.81], 3-month 0.90 [0.85,0.93],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) at both timepoints. Each 1\u00a0L\/min increase in Real Leak corresponded to a 0.72% decrease in adherence days, compared to 0.55% in Average Leak (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008\/0.018) (7.2% and 5.5% per 10\u00a0L\/min of change, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008\/0.018). Race and AHI (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02\/\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, respectively) were independent adherence predictors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both Real Leak and Average Leak negatively predicted PAP adherence, with no significant performance difference. Nonetheless, standardizing leak terminology and incorporating intentional leak adjustments may improve clarity and decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Brief summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Current knowledge\/study rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mask leak is a common barrier to Positive airway pressure (PAP) adherence,\u00a0but existing leak metrics don\u2019t distinguish intentional from unintentional leak,\u00a0limiting their clinical utility.\u00a0The American Academy of Sleep Medicine emphasizes minimizing leak during PAP titration but doesn\u2019t provide clear guidance on which leak metric to prioritize.\u00a0We proposed a novel \u201cReal Leak\u201d measure as a potentially more clinically meaningful indicator of leak-related adherence barriers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the HomePAP trial, Real Leak and Average Leak were highly correlated and similarly predicted reduced adherence,\u00a0with no significant performance difference.\u00a0We propose standardizing leak definitions for clinical practice and research and suggest that\u00a0Real Leak - essentially unintentional leak over 1 month - is a conceptually clearer and more meaningful metric.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44470-026-00046-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T17:41:58Z","timestamp":1775842918000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["What\u2019s leak got to do with it? Association of mask leak and positive airway pressure adherence from the homepap study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Noah D.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jad","family":"El Ahdab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maeve","family":"Pascoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Bena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Auckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Benca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha E.","family":"Billings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishesh","family":"Kapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phyllis C.","family":"Zee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Redline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Foldvary-Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"46_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S6844","volume":"2","author":"T Gharibeh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gharibeh T, Mehra R. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: natural history, diagnosis, and emerging treatment options. Nat Sci Sleep. 2010;2:233\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NSS.S6844.","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"46_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-016-0156-0","volume":"45","author":"BW Rotenberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rotenberg BW, Murariu D, Pang KP. Trends in CPAP adherence over twenty years of data collection: a flattened curve. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016;45(1):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40463-016-0156-0.","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"46_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/147.4.887","volume":"147","author":"NB Kribbs","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kribbs NB, Pack AI, Kline LR, et al. Objective measurement of patterns of nasal CPAP use by patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993;147(4):887\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm\/147.4.887.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"46_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcp.0000245715.97256.32","volume":"12","author":"TE Weaver","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weaver TE. Adherence to positive airway pressure therapy. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2006;12(6):409\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.mcp.0000245715.97256.32.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"46_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200708-119MG","volume":"5","author":"TE Weaver","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weaver TE, Grunstein RR. Adherence to continuous positive airway pressure therapy: the challenge to effective treatment. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008;5(2):173\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1513\/pats.200708-119MG.","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"46_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecinn.2023.100230","volume":"3","author":"K He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He K, Crouch T, Kaitz J, et al. Improving adherence to PAP therapy: a brief PAP coaching intervention for health care providers. PEC Innovation. 2023;3:100230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pecinn.2023.100230.","journal-title":"PEC Innovation"},{"issue":"5","key":"46_CR7","first-page":"526","volume":"81","author":"C Medrinal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Medrinal C, Prieur G, Contal O, Villiot-Danger E, Doyle C, Reychler G, Quieffin J. Non-invasive ventilation: evaluation of CO2 washout by intentional leaking in three recent oronasal masks. A pilot study. Minerva Anestesiol. 2015;81(5):526\u201332.","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"46_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27133","volume":"4","author":"CA Kushida","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kushida CA, Chediak A, Berry RB, et al. Clinical guidelines for the manual Titration of positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2008;4(2):157\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.27133.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"46_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.11.049","volume":"151","author":"M Lebret","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lebret M, Martinot JB, Arnol N, et al. Factors contributing to unintentional leak during CPAP treatment: a systematic review. Chest. 2017;151(3):707\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2016.11.049.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"03","key":"46_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27497","volume":"05","author":"Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine","year":"2009","unstructured":"Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical guideline for the evaluation, management and Long-term care of obstructive sleep apnea in adults. J Clin Sleep Med. 2009;05(03):263\u201376. . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.27497.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"46_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.5665\/SLEEP.1054","volume":"34","author":"A Valentin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Valentin A, Subramanian S, Quan SF, Berry RB, Parthasarathy S. Air leak is associated with poor adherence to autopap therapy. Sleep. 2011;34(6):801\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5665\/SLEEP.1054.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"6","key":"46_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1870","volume":"35","author":"CL Rosen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rosen CL, Auckley D, Benca R, et al. A multisite randomized trial of portable sleep studies and positive airway pressure autotitration versus laboratory-based polysomnography for the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: the HomePAP study. Sleep. 2012;35(6):757\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5665\/sleep.1870.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"10","key":"46_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3074","volume":"9","author":"ME Billings","year":"2013","unstructured":"Billings ME, Kapur VK. Medicare long-term CPAP coverage policy: a cost-utility analysis. J Clin Sleep Med. 2013;9(10):1023\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.3074.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"46_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7640","volume":"15","author":"SP Patil","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patil SP, Ayappa IA, Caples SM, John Kimoff R, Patel SR, Harrod CG. Treatment of adult obstructive sleep apnea with positive airway pressure: an American academy of sleep medicine clinical practice guideline. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15(2):335\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.7640.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"46_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8122220","volume":"8","author":"TE Weaver","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weaver TE. Novel aspects of CPAP treatment and interventions to improve cpap adherence. J Clin Med. 2019;8(12):2220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8122220.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"46_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.1.8680678","volume":"154","author":"GN Richards","year":"1996","unstructured":"Richards GN, Cistulli PA, Ungar RG, Berthon-Jones M, Sullivan CE. Mouth leak with nasal continuous positive airway pressure increases nasal airway resistance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;154(1):182\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.154.1.8680678.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"46_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-005-0032-z","volume":"9","author":"D Coller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Coller D, Stanley D, Parthasarathy S. Effect of air leak on the performance of auto-PAP devices: a bench study. Sleep Breath. 2005;9(4):167\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-005-0032-z.","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"46_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-009-1181-z","volume":"121","author":"Z Sopkova","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sopkova Z, Dorkova Z, Tkacova R. Predictors of compliance with continuous positive airway pressure treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and metabolic syndrome. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2009;121(11\u201312):398\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00508-009-1181-z.","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"issue":"6","key":"46_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12452","volume":"11","author":"PC Neuzeret","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neuzeret PC, Morin L. Impact of different nasal masks on CPAP therapy for obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized comparative trial. Clin Respir J. 2017;11(6):990\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/crj.12452.","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"issue":"8","key":"46_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.5665\/SLEEP.1166","volume":"34","author":"CA Kushida","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kushida CA, Berry RB, Blau A, et al. Positive airway pressure initiation: A randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of therapy mode and Titration process on efficacy, adherence, and outcomes. Sleep. 2011;34(8):1083\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5665\/SLEEP.1166.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"46_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-012-0661-y","volume":"17","author":"CC Yu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yu CC, Luo CM, Liu YC, Wu HP. The effects of heated humidifier in continuous positive airway pressure titration. Sleep Breath. 2013;17(1):133\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-012-0661-y.","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"12","key":"46_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3232","volume":"36","author":"CL Chai-Coetzer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chai-Coetzer CL, Luo YM, Antic NA, et al. Predictors of long-term adherence to continuous positive airway pressure therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease in the SAVE study. Sleep. 2013;36(12):1929\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5665\/sleep.3232.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"12","key":"46_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.10.011","volume":"107","author":"M Van Zeller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van Zeller M, Severo M, Santos AC, Drummond M. 5-years APAP adherence in OSA patients - do first impressions matter? Respir Med. 2013;107(12):2046\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.10.011.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"46_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2011.00969.x","volume":"21","author":"L Ye","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ye L, Pack AI, Maislin G, et al. Predictors of continuous positive airway pressure use during the first week of treatment. J Sleep Res. 2012;21(4):419\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2011.00969.x.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"46_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0556","volume":"134","author":"Z Dorkova","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dorkova Z, Petrasova D, Molcanyiova A, Popovnakova M, Tkacova R. Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on cardiovascular risk profile in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea and metabolic syndrome. Chest. 2008;134(4):686\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.08-0556.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"46_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.2001.0197","volume":"7","author":"HM Engleman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Engleman HM, Wild MR. Improving CPAP use by patients with the sleep apnoea\/hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS). Sleep Med Rev. 2003;7(1):81\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/smrv.2001.0197.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"46_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1159\/000322838","volume":"82","author":"W Galetke","year":"2011","unstructured":"Galetke W, Puzzo L, Priegnitz C, Anduleit N, Randerath WJ. Long-term therapy with continuous positive airway pressure in obstructive sleep apnea: adherence, side effects and predictors of withdrawal-a real-life study. Respiration. 2011;82(2):155\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000322838.","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"1","key":"46_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.so.18.080192.001551","volume":"18","author":"C Winship","year":"1992","unstructured":"Winship C, Mare RD. Models for sample selection bias. Annu Rev Sociol. 1992;18(1):327\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.so.18.080192.001551.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Sociol"},{"issue":"3","key":"46_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-011-0564-3","volume":"16","author":"JP Bakker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bakker JP, Neill AM, Campbell AJ. Nasal versus oronasal continuous positive airway pressure masks for obstructive sleep apnea: a pilot investigation of pressure requirement, residual disease, and leak. Sleep Breath. 2012;16(3):709\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-011-0564-3.","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44470-026-00046-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44470-026-00046-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44470-026-00046-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T21:47:43Z","timestamp":1781646463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44470-026-00046-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["46"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44470-026-00046-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-9389","1550-9397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-9389","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9397","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 January 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The HomePAP trial was approved by the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) of all participating institutions.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript and consent to its publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"This work was supported by the Portable Monitoring for Diagnosis and Management of Sleep Apnea (HomePAP) clinical trial URL: http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT00642486. NIH clinical trials registry number: NCT00642486.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding and clinical trial number"}},{"value":"Dennis Auckley has received honoraria from UpToDate and serves on the AASM Task Force for inpatient sleep apnea and HSAT update. Ruth Benca has received grant support from the NIH and Eisai; consulting fees from Alkermes, Biogen, Eisai, Haleon, and Idorsia; and serves as the Insomnia Section Editor for UpToDate and Editor-in-Chief of Current Sleep Medicine Reports. Martha E. Billings serves on the AASM Task Force for inpatient sleep apnea. Nancy Foldvary-Schaefer has received grant support from Alkermes, Avadel, Harmony Biosciences, Jazz, Suven, Takeda, and Vanda Pharmaceuticals, and royalties from Oxford University Press and UpToDate. Susan Redline has received grant support from the NIH, PCORI, and Proxima CRO; consulting fees from Amgen Inc.; and serves as Editor-in-Chief of Sleep Health. Phyllis C. Zee has received consulting fees from Apnimed, CVS Caremark, Eisai, Jazz, Harmony, and Takeda. Noah Andrews, James Bena, Jad El Ahdab, Vishesh Kapur, Maeve Pascoe, and Lu Wang, have no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"55"}}