{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:12:18Z","timestamp":1786983138524,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIMHR01MH101468"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIMHR01MH101468"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Sleep Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s44470-026-00087-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T15:49:52Z","timestamp":1781624992000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The association between slow wave activity and memory improvement following cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia in older adults: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial\u200b"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen P.","family":"O\u2019Hora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilija","family":"Blozyte-Sakenis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura C.","family":"Lazzeroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie M.","family":"Zeitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donn","family":"Posner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clete","family":"Kushida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Manber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Yesavage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared M.","family":"Saletin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6382-4312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea N.","family":"Goldstein-Piekarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1-3","key":"87_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00072-1","volume":"76","author":"D Riemann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Riemann D, Voderholzer U. Primary insomnia: a risk factor to develop depression? J Affect Disord. 2003;76(1\u20133):255\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00072-1.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"87_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-006-0026-0","volume":"3","author":"I Haimov","year":"2006","unstructured":"Haimov I. Association between memory impairment and insomnia among older adults. Eur J Ageing. 2006;3(2):107\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10433-006-0026-0.","journal-title":"Eur J Ageing"},{"issue":"3","key":"87_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2008.00671.x","volume":"17","author":"E Altena","year":"2008","unstructured":"Altena E, Van Der Werf YD, Strijers RLM, Van Someren EJW. Sleep loss affects vigilance: effects of chronic insomnia and sleep therapy. J Sleep Res. 2008;17(3):335\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2008.00671.x.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"87_CR4","first-page":"113","volume":"97","author":"PJ Hauri","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hauri PJ. Cognitive deficits in insomnia patients. Acta Neurol Belg. 1997;97(2):113\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg."},{"issue":"1","key":"87_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/15402000701796080","volume":"6","author":"I Haimov","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haimov I, Hanuka E, Horowitz Y. Chronic insomnia and cognitive functioning among older adults. Behav Sleep Med. 2008;6(1):32\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15402000701796080.","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"87_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1046\/J.1460-9568.1998.00189.X","volume":"10","author":"H Merica","year":"1998","unstructured":"Merica H, Blois R, Gaillard JM. Spectral characteristics of sleep EEG in chronic insomnia. Eur J Neurosci. 1998;10(5):1826\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/J.1460-9568.1998.00189.X.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"87_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.12.002","volume":"66","author":"T Andrillon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andrillon T, Solelhac G, Bouchequet P, et al. Revisiting the value of polysomnographic data in insomnia: more than meets the eye. Sleep Med. 2020;66:184\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.12.002.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"87_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27415","volume":"5","author":"DJ Dijk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dijk DJ. Regulation and functional correlates of slow wave sleep. J Clin Sleep Med. 2009;5:S6\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.27415.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"87_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1111\/EJN.12118","volume":"37","author":"D Antonenko","year":"2013","unstructured":"Antonenko D, Diekelmann S, Olsen C, Born J, M\u00f6lle M. Napping to renew learning capacity: enhanced encoding after stimulation of sleep slow oscillations. Eur J Neurosci. 2013;37(7):1142\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/EJN.12118.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"87_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2253","volume":"12","author":"YD Van Der Werf","year":"2009","unstructured":"Van Der Werf YD, Altena E, Schoonheim MM, et al. Sleep benefits subsequent hippocampal functioning. Nat Neurosci. 2009;12(2):122\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.2253.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"87_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.02.004.Sleep","volume":"94","author":"BA Mander","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mander BA, Winer JR, Walker MP. Sleep and human aging. Neuron. 2017;94(1):19\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.02.004.Sleep.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"87_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/S11065-010-9154-6\/FIGURES\/2","volume":"21","author":"K Crowley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Crowley K. Sleep and sleep disorders in older adults. Neuropsychol Rev. 2011;21(1):41\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11065-010-9154-6\/FIGURES\/2.","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"87_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7172","volume":"14","author":"D Patel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patel D, Steinberg J, Patel P. Insomnia in the elderly: a review. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018;14:1017\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.7172.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"87_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.5664\/JCSM.8986","volume":"17","author":"JD Edinger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Edinger JD, Arnedt JT, Bertisch SM, et al. Behavioral and psychological treatments for chronic insomnia disorder in adults: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(2):255\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/JCSM.8986.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"87_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/FPSYT.2018.00004","volume":"9","author":"D David","year":"2018","unstructured":"David D, Cristea I, Hofmann SG. Why cognitive behavioral therapy is the current gold standard of psychotherapy. Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FPSYT.2018.00004.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"87_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.11.1415","volume":"29","author":"T Morgenthaler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Morgenthaler T, Kramer M, Alessi C, et al. Practice parameters for the psychological and behavioral treatment of insomnia: an update. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Report. Sleep. 2006;29(11):1415\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/29.11.1415.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"87_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-13-40","volume":"13","author":"MD Mitchell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mitchell MD, Gehrman P, Perlis M, Umscheid CA. Comparative effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a systematic review. BMC Fam Pract. 2012;13(40). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2296-13-40.","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract."},{"key":"87_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.5935\/1984-0063.20210026","volume":"15","author":"DDG Roniger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roniger DDG, Lechuga YA, Le\u00f3n EE, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia helps to reverse cognitive impairment in insomnia patients. Sleep Sci. 2022;15:355\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/1984-0063.20210026.","journal-title":"Sleep Sci"},{"key":"87_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2019.06.002","volume":"47","author":"LJ Mitchell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mitchell LJ, Bisdounis L, Ballesio A, Omlin X, Kyle SD. The impact of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on objective sleep parameters: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2019;47:90\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2019.06.002.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"87_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kaac061","volume":"57","author":"WS Chan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chan WS, McCrae CS, Ng ASY. Is cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia effective for improving sleep duration in individuals with insomnia? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Behav Med. 2023;57(6):428\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/abm\/kaac061.","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"87_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00431.x","volume":"13","author":"K Cervena","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cervena K, Dauvilliers Y, Espa F, et al. Effect of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on sleep architecture and sleep EEG power spectra in psychophysiological insomnia. J Sleep Res. 2004;13(4):385\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00431.x.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"87_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13324","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Y, Vgontzas AN, Fernandez-Mendoza J, Fang J, Puzino K, Bixler EO. Effect of trazodone versus cognitive-behavioural treatment on high- and slow-frequency activity during non-rapid eye movement sleep in chronic insomnia: a pilot, randomized clinical trial. J Sleep Res. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsr.13324.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"87_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8568","volume":"16","author":"SE Hogan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hogan SE, Delgado GM, Hall MH, et al. Slow-oscillation activity is reduced and high frequency activity is elevated in older adults with insomnia. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16(9):1445\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.8568.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"87_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.5.669","volume":"33","author":"AD Krystal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krystal AD, Edinger JD. Sleep EEG predictors and correlates of the response to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Sleep. 2010;33(5):669\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/33.5.669.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"87_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1037\/A0036606","volume":"82","author":"AG Harvey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Harvey AG, B\u00e9langer L, Talbot L, et al. Comparative efficacy of behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, and cognitive behavior therapy for chronic insomnia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2014;82(4):670\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/A0036606.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"87_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SMRV.2018.07.005","volume":"42","author":"LF Maurer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maurer LF, Espie CA, Kyle SD. How does sleep restriction therapy for insomnia work? A systematic review of mechanistic evidence and the introduction of the Triple-R model. Sleep Med Rev. 2018;42:127\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SMRV.2018.07.005.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"87_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1177\/074873099129000894","volume":"14","author":"AA Borb\u00e9ly","year":"1999","unstructured":"Borb\u00e9ly AA, Achermann P. Sleep homeostasis and models of sleep regulation. J Biol Rhythms. 1999;14(6):557\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/074873099129000894.","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"},{"issue":"10","key":"87_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.11756","volume":"21","author":"KP O\u2019Hora","year":"2025","unstructured":"O\u2019Hora KP, Morehouse AB, Freidman L, et al. Comparative effectiveness and predictors of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and its components in older adults: main outcomes of a randomized dismantling trial. J Clin Sleep Med. 2025;21(10):1679\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.11756.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"87_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1176\/AJP.152.8.1228","volume":"152","author":"SB Guze","year":"1995","unstructured":"Guze SB. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV). Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152(8):1228\u20131228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/AJP.152.8.1228.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"87_CR30","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (CAG-00093N) - Decision Memo. https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/medicare-coverage-database\/view\/ncacal-decision-memo.aspx?proposed=N&NCAId=19&fromdb=true. Accessed 7 May 2024."},{"issue":"suppl 20","key":"87_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11980","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v59n2005","volume":"59","author":"DV Sheehan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, et al. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59(suppl 20):11980.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.v59n2005.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"87_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.5664\/JCSM.1786","volume":"8","author":"R Manber","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manber R, Carney C, Edinger J, et al. Dissemination of CBTI to the non-sleep specialist: protocol development and training issues. J Clin Sleep Med. 2012;8(2):209\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/JCSM.1786.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"87_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1891\/jcop.19.1.41.66330","volume":"19","author":"AG Harvey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Harvey AG. A cognitive theory and therapy for chronic insomnia. J Cogn Psychother. 2005;19(1):41\u201359.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/jcop.19.1.41.66330.","journal-title":"J Cogn Psychother."},{"issue":"3","key":"87_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1076\/JCEN.20.3.310.823","volume":"20","author":"C Randolph","year":"1998","unstructured":"Randolph C, Tierney MC, Mohr E, Chase TN. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS): preliminary clinical validity. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1998;20(3):310\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1076\/JCEN.20.3.310.823.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"87_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07229-3","volume":"9","author":"JB Stephansen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stephansen JB, Olesen AN, Olsen M, et al. Neural network analysis of sleep stages enables efficient diagnosis of narcolepsy. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):5229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-07229-3.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"9","key":"87_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1982.12433","volume":"70","author":"DJ Thomson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Thomson DJ. Spectrum estimation and harmonic analysis. Proc IEEE. 1982;70(9):1055\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/PROC.1982.12433.","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"issue":"1","key":"87_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1152\/PHYSIOL.00062.2015","volume":"32","author":"MJ Prerau","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prerau MJ, Brown RE, Bianchi MT, Ellenbogen JM, Purdon PL. Sleep neurophysiological dynamics through the lens of multitaper spectral analysis. Physiology. 2017;32(1):60\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/PHYSIOL.00062.2015.","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"87_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","volume":"134","author":"A Delorme","year":"2004","unstructured":"Delorme A, Makeig S. EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. J Neurosci Methods. 2004;134(1):9\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"87_CR39","unstructured":"Saletin JM. Sleep EEG Software (Hume). https:\/\/www.jaredsaletin.org\/hume. Accessed 15 May 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"87_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2515245920960351","volume":"4","author":"VA Brown","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brown VA. An introduction to linear mixed-effects modeling in R. Adv Methods Pract Psychol Sci. 2021;4(1):1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2515245920960351.","journal-title":"Adv Methods Pract Psychol Sci"},{"key":"87_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.09.002","volume":"30","author":"KA Wilckens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wilckens KA, Hall MH, Erickson KI, et al. Task switching in older adults with and without insomnia. Sleep Med. 2017;30:113\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.09.002.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"87_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210657","volume":"84","author":"MK Mattos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mattos MK, Manning CA, Quigg M, et al. Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an internet-delivered intervention for insomnia in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis. 2021;84(4):1539\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-210657.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"87_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2019.1632201","volume":"18","author":"CS McCrae","year":"2020","unstructured":"McCrae CS, Curtis AF, Williams JM, et al. Effects of brief behavioral treatment for insomnia on daily associations between self-reported sleep and objective cognitive performance in older adults. Behav Sleep Med. 2020;18(5):577\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15402002.2019.1632201.","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"key":"87_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2017.07.001","volume":"39","author":"V Herbert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Herbert V, Kyle SD, Pratt D. Does cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia improve cognitive performance? A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Sleep Med Rev. 2018;39:37\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2017.07.001.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"87_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265006","DOI":"10.3389\/frsle.2023.1265006","volume":"2","author":"KA Wilckens","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wilckens KA, Habte RF, Dong Y, et al. A pilot time-in-bed restriction intervention behaviorally enhances slow-wave activity in older adults. Front Sleep. 2024;2:1265006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frsle.2023.1265006.","journal-title":"Front Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"87_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab223","volume":"45","author":"LF Maurer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maurer LF, Espie CA, Omlin X, Emsley R, Kyle SD. The effect of sleep restriction therapy for insomnia on sleep pressure and arousal: a randomized controlled mechanistic trial. Sleep. 2022;45(1):zsab223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsab223.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"5","key":"87_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03580.x","volume":"20","author":"M M\u00fcnch","year":"2004","unstructured":"M\u00fcnch M, Knoblauch V, Blatter K, et al. The frontal predominance in human EEG delta activity after sleep loss decreases with age. Eur J Neurosci. 2004;20(5):1402\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03580.x.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"87_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.3390\/BRAINSCI11081003","volume":"11","author":"J Taillard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taillard J, Gronfier C, Bioulac S, Philip P, Sagaspe P. Sleep in normal aging, homeostatic and circadian regulation and vulnerability to sleep deprivation. Brain Sci. 2021;11(8):1003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/BRAINSCI11081003.","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"87_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.2.211","volume":"33","author":"DJ Dijk","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dijk DJ, Groeger JA, Stanley N, Deacon S. Age-related reduction in daytime sleep propensity and nocturnal slow wave sleep. Sleep. 2010;33(2):211\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/33.2.211.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"7","key":"87_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1532-5415.2009.02303.X","volume":"57","author":"JF Duffy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Duffy JF, Willson HJ, Wang W, Czeisler CA. Healthy older adults better tolerate sleep deprivation than young adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57(7):1245\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1532-5415.2009.02303.X.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"87_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2014.905474","volume":"13","author":"EL Almklov","year":"2015","unstructured":"Almklov EL, Drummond SPA, Orff H, Alhassoon OM. The effects of sleep deprivation on brain functioning in older adults. Behav Sleep Med. 2015;13(4):324\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15402002.2014.905474.","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"87_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2014.1002034","volume":"14","author":"KA Wilckens","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wilckens KA, Hall MH, Nebes RD, Monk TH, Buysse DJ. Changes in cognitive performance are associated with changes in sleep in older adults with insomnia. Behav Sleep Med. 2016;14(3):295\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15402002.2014.1002034.","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"87_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2011.562869","volume":"25","author":"LB Zahodne","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zahodne LB, Bowers D, Price CC, et al. The case for testing memory with both stories and word lists prior to DBS surgery for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Clin Neuropsychol. 2011;25(3):348\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13854046.2011.562869.","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"87_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-11-118","volume":"11","author":"C Bartels","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bartels C, Wegrzyn M, Wiedl A, Ackermann V, Ehrenreich H. Practice effects in healthy adults: a longitudinal study on frequent repetitive cognitive testing. BMC Neurosci. 2010;11:118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2202-11-118.","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"87_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390490918363","volume":"27","author":"K Duff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Duff K, Beglinger LJ, Schoenberg MR, et al. Test-retest stability and practice effects of the RBANS in a community dwelling elderly sample. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2005;27(5):565\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13803390490918363.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44470-026-00087-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44470-026-00087-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44470-026-00087-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T15:49:57Z","timestamp":1781624997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44470-026-00087-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["87"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44470-026-00087-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-9389","1550-9397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-9389","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9397","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 April 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki 2008. The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board (IRB), and participants provided written informed consent after the study procedures were fully explained.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have seen and approved the submission of this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"93"}}