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Given that excess adiposity is a known risk factor for OSA, we aimed to descriptively assess the association of tirzepatide, a GIP\/GLP-1 receptor agonist, with changes in AHI, hypoxic burden, body weight, and blood pressure in different patient populations based on baseline characteristics such as age, sex, BMI, AHI, and neck circumference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These post hoc analyses examined data from two Phase 3 randomized, double-blind studies evaluating maximum tolerated dose (MTD) tirzepatide (10\u00a0mg or 15\u00a0mg) compared with placebo in adults with moderate-to-severe OSA (AHI\u2009\u2265\u200915 events\/h) and obesity (BMI\u2009\u2265\u200930\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) over a 52-week period. Baseline subgroup analyses were conducted in participants with non-missing relevant baseline measurements.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Generally, participants treated with tirzepatide showed greater improvements in OSA outcomes compared with placebo, regardless of baseline subgroup. Participants treated with tirzepatide experienced reductions in AHI across subgroups, regardless of baseline age (-27.7 to -34.1 events\/h), sex (-19.8 to -32.6 events\/h), AHI severity (-12.1 to -52.2 events\/h), BMI (-25.2 to -34.4 events\/h), and neck circumference (-23.9 to -30.8 events\/h). Additionally, improvements were observed in body weight, systolic blood pressure, and sleep apnea-specific hypoxic burden across baseline subgroups. Overall, most participants experienced an improvement in AHI severity category with tirzepatide treatment (68% to 79%), while the majority in the placebo group saw no clinically relevant change (64% to 70%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In these descriptive, hypothesis-generating, post hoc analyses, tirzepatide treatment was associated with improvements in multiple measures in participants with moderate-to-severe OSA and obesity. These improvements were observed across both studies, regardless of baseline age, sex, AHI severity, BMI, or neck circumference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SURMOUNT-OSA program (NCT05412004).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Brief summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Current knowledge\/study rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tirzepatide has been associated with clinically relevant improvements in OSA-related measures, body weight, and systolic blood pressure among individuals with moderate-to-severe OSA and obesity. These post hoc analyses aimed to assess whether there were variations in improvements based on baseline age, sex, AHI severity, BMI, or neck circumference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In general, tirzepatide treatment was associated with improvement in OSA outcomes across both studies, regardless of baseline age, sex, AHI severity, BMI, or neck circumference, with some observed differences among some baseline characteristics. This research may help us better understand the relationship between baseline characteristics and different OSA treatment responses and may stimulate future studies in this area.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44470-026-00162-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T20:46:26Z","timestamp":1788209186000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of tirzepatide with changes in OSA-related measures based on baseline characteristics \u2013 post hoc analyses of SURMOUNT-OSA"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7553-4013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beverly","family":"Falcon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy Chang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Redline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Grunstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Turnbull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Rapoport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujatro","family":"Chakladar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios K.","family":"Dimitriadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Bednarik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birong","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atul","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"162_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23079","volume":"13","author":"JL Chang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang JL, Goldberg AN, Alt JA, Mohammed A, Ashbrook L, Auckley D, et al. 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Tirzepatide for the treatment of obesity: rationale and design of the SURMOUNT clinical development program. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2023;31(1):96\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.23612.","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"162_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106853","volume":"136","author":"A Malhotra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Malhotra A, Grunstein RR, Azarbarzin A, Sands SA, Dang X, Chakladar S, et al. Tirzepatide for sleep-disordered breathing in SURMOUNT-OSA: time course and association with body weight. Sleep Med. 2025;136:106853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106853.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44470-026-00162-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44470-026-00162-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44470-026-00162-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T09:02:40Z","timestamp":1788253360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44470-026-00162-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44470-026-00162-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-9389","1550-9397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-9389","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9397","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The SURMOUNT-OSA trials were conducted in accordance with consensus ethical principles, including the Declaration of Helsinki and Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences International Ethical Guidelines, applicable International Council for Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice guidelines, and applicable laws and regulations, and were approved by the relevant ethics committee\/review board at each site. All participants in all primary trials provided written informed consent. The SURMOUNT-OSA program was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05412004).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"As no identifying information is included, participants were not required to provided consent for publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This work was performed at Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. This study was funded by Eli Lilly and Company.\n                      SR\n                      has received consulting fees from Amgen and\u00a0Eli Lilly and Company; her institution has received research funding from Proxima\/Google.\n                      RG\n                      is part of the advisory boards of Alkermes, Amgen, Eli Lilly and Company; and has received lecture fees Somnomed, Takeda, Eisai.\n                      CT\n                      has received honorarium and consulting fees from Eli Lilly and Company, and Notos Medical Ltd; is a scientific founder of and holds stock in Notos Medical Ltd.\n                      DR\n                      has received patent royalties and consulting fees from Fisher and Paykel Healthcare; clinical research grants from Fisher and Paykel Healthcare, Prosomnus and PranaQ; and has served on scientific advisory boards for Fisher Paykel Healthcare, Somnomed and Apnimed.\n                      AM\n                      is funded by NIH. He reports income from Eli Lilly and Company, Livanova, Zoll, Powell Mansfield, and Sunrise. Resmed gave a philanthropic donation to UCSD.\n                      CCX, SC\n                      ,\n                      GKD\n                      ,\n                      EL\n                      , and\n                      BF\n                      are current employees and shareholders of Eli Lilly and Company.\u00a0\n                      BL\n                      is a former employee and shareholder of Eli Lilly and Company.\n                      JB\n                      is a former employee of Eli Lilly and Company and a current employee of AMGEN,\u00a0One Amgen Center Drive,\u00a0Thousand Oaks, CA\u00a091320\u20131799.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests: financial disclosures","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"SR\n                      has served as an unpaid member of the scientific advisory boards for ApniMed Inc; served as an unpaid board member for the National Sleep Foundation and Alliance of Sleep Apnea Partners.\n                      AM\n                      is co-founder and has equity in Clairyon, a small startup unrelated to this topic.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests: non-financial disclosures","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"155"}}