{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T23:39:40Z","timestamp":1767310780017,"version":"3.48.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783032124104"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783032124111"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/698_2025_1244","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T13:00:44Z","timestamp":1761138044000},"page":"501-535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater Along the Coastal Aquifers of Essaouira Basin, Morocco: A Potential Concern to Human, Agricultural, and Domestic Consumption"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Bahir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paula M.","family":"Carreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elhoussain","family":"Choukar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1244_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1071\/MF17370","volume":"69","author":"M Bahir","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bahir M, Ouhamdouch S, Carreira PM (2018) Isotopic and geochemical methods for studying water\u2013rock interaction and recharge mode: application to the Cenomanian\u2013Turonian and Plio-Quaternary aquifers of Essaouira Basin, Morocco. Mar Freshw Res 69:1290\u20131300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/MF17370","journal-title":"Mar Freshw Res"},{"key":"1244_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsd.2020.100541","volume":"12","author":"M Bahir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bahir M, Ouhamdouch S, Ouazar D (2021) An assessment of the changes in the behavior of the groundwater resources in arid environment with global warming in Morocco. Groundw Sustain Dev 12:100541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gsd.2020.100541","journal-title":"Groundw Sustain Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1244_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s13146-013-0166-1","volume":"29","author":"N Ben Cheikh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ben Cheikh N, Zouari K, Abidi B (2014) A hydrogeochemical approach for identifying salinization processes in the Cenomanian\u2013Turonian aquifer, south-eastern Tunisia. Carbonates Evaporites 29(2):193\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13146-013-0166-1","journal-title":"Carbonates Evaporites"},{"key":"1244_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s41207-018-0067-8","volume":"3","author":"Y Hamed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamed Y, Hadji R, Redhaounia B, Zighmi K, B\u00e2ali F, El Gayar A (2018) Climate impact on surface and groundwater in North Africa: a global synthesis of findings and recommendations. Euro-Mediterr J Environ Integr 3:25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41207-018-0067-8","journal-title":"Euro-Mediterr J Environ Integr"},{"key":"1244_CR5","series-title":"Environmental earth sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69356-9_21","volume-title":"Groundwater and global change in the Western Mediterranean area","author":"F Lachaal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lachaal F, Chargui S, Messaoud RB, Chekirbane A, Tsujimura M, Mlayah A, Massuel S, Leduc C (2018) Impacts of global changes on groundwater resources in north-east Tunisia: the case of the Grombalia Phreatic aquifer. In: Calvache M, Duque C, Pulido-Velazquez D (eds) Groundwater and global change in the Western Mediterranean area. Environmental earth sciences. Springer, Cham, pp 179\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-69356-9_21"},{"key":"1244_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3390\/w13030277","volume":"13","author":"A Rafik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rafik A, Bahir M, Beljadid A, Ouazar D, Chehbouni A, Dhiba D, Ouhamdouch S (2021) Surface and groundwater characteristics within a semi-arid environment using hydrochemical and remote sensing techniques. Water 13:277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/w13030277","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"1244_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-017-6738-y","volume":"76","author":"TE Idowu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Idowu TE, Nyadawa M, K\u2019Orowe MO (2017) Hydrogeochemical assessment of a coastal aquifer using statistical and geospatial techniques: case study of Mombasa North Coast, Kenya. Environ Earth Sci 76:422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-017-6738-y","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"1244_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-018-6469-x","volume":"190","author":"S Kammoun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kammoun S, Trabelsi R, Re V, Zouari K, Henchiri J (2018) Groundwater quality assessment in semi-arid regions using integrated approaches: the case of Grombalia aquifer (NE Tunisia). Environ Monit Assess 190:87. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-018-6469-x","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"1244_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107298","volume":"313","author":"K Khmila","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khmila K, Trabelsi R, Zouari K, Kumar US (2021) Application of geochemical and isotopic tracers for the evaluation of groundwater quality in the irrigated area of the Sbiba plain (Central West Tunisia). Agric Ecosyst Environ 313:107298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107298","journal-title":"Agric Ecosyst Environ"},{"key":"1244_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeps.2016.12.036","volume":"17","author":"M Bahir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bahir M, Carreira PM, Ouhamdouchc S, Chamchati H (2017) Recharge conceptual model and mineralization of groundwater in a semi-arid region; Essaouira basin (Morocco). Procedia Earth Planet Sci 17:69\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.proeps.2016.12.036","journal-title":"Procedia Earth Planet Sci"},{"key":"1244_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2013.822322","volume":"52","author":"E Boughariou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boughariou E, Bouri S, Khanfir H, Zarhloule Y (2014) Impacts of climate change on water resources in arid and semi-arid regions: Chaffar Sector, Eastern Tunisia. Desalin Water Treat 52:2082\u20132093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19443994.2013.822322","journal-title":"Desalin Water Treat"},{"key":"1244_CR12","series-title":"Advances in science, technology & innovation. IEREK interdisciplinary series for sustainable development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70548-4_31","volume-title":"Recent advances in environmental science from the Euro-Mediterranean and surrounding regions. EMCEI, 2017","author":"A El Gayar","year":"2017","unstructured":"El Gayar A, Hamed Y (2017) Climate change and water resources management in Arab countries. In: Kallel A, Ksibi M, Ben Dhia H, Kh\u00e9lifi N (eds) Recent advances in environmental science from the Euro-Mediterranean and surrounding regions. EMCEI, 2017. Advances in science, technology & innovation. IEREK interdisciplinary series for sustainable development. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-70548-4_31"},{"key":"1244_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.7202\/1047050ar","volume":"31","author":"S Ouhamdouch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ouhamdouch S, Bahir M, Carreira PM (2018) Impact of climate change on water resources in semi-arid environments: the example of the Essaouira basin (Morocco). J Water Sci 31:13\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7202\/1047050ar","journal-title":"J Water Sci"},{"key":"1244_CR14","series-title":"Environmental earth sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69356-9_18","volume-title":"Groundwater and global change in the Western Mediterranean area","author":"I Hassen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hassen I, Hamzaoui-Azaza F, Bouhlila R (2018) Hydrogeochemical and isotopic investigations for evaluation of the impact of climate change on groundwater quality, a case study of the Plain of Kasserine, Central Tunisia. In: Calvache M, Duque C, Pulido-Velazquez D (eds) Groundwater and global change in the Western Mediterranean area. Environmental earth sciences. Springer, Cham, pp 151\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-69356-9_18"},{"key":"1244_CR15","series-title":"Green energy and technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-30127-3_53","volume-title":"Energy, transportation and global warming","author":"S Ouhamdouch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ouhamdouch S, Bahir M, Souhel A, Carreira PM (2016) Vulnerability and impact of climate change processes on water resource in semi-arid areas: in Essaouira Basin (Morocco). In: Grammelis P (ed) Energy, transportation and global warming. Green energy and technology. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 719\u2013736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-30127-3_53"},{"key":"1244_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-019-8470-2","volume":"78","author":"S Ouhamdouch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ouhamdouch S, Bahir M, Ouazar D, Carreira PM, Zouari K (2019) Evaluation of climate change impact on groundwater from semi-arid environment (Essaouira Basin, Morocco) using integrated approaches. Environ Earth Sci 78:449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-019-8470-2","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"1244_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-018-7585-1","volume":"77","author":"M Zamanirad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zamanirad M, Sedghi H, Sarraf A, Rezaee P (2018) Potential impacts of climate change on groundwater levels on the Kerdi-Shirazi plain, Iran. Environ Earth Sci 77:4\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-018-7585-1","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"1244_CR18","unstructured":"United Nations (2014) Environmental performance reviews series no. 38. ECE\/CEP\/170. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 223 p. ISBN: 978-92-1-117074-0"},{"key":"1244_CR19","unstructured":"Government of Morocco (2009) State Secretariat of Water and Environment: national water strategy. http:\/\/www.environnement.gov.ma\/PDFs\/EAU\/STRATEGIE_EAU.pdf. Accessed 2 Feb 2021"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"1244_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s002540000196","volume":"40","author":"JA Shi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shi JA, Wang Q, Chen GJ, Wang GY, Zhang ZN (2001) Isotopic geochemistry of the groundwater system in arid and semiarid areas and its significance: a case study in Shiyang River basin, Gansu province, northwest China. Environ Geol 40(4\u20135):557\u2013565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002540000196","journal-title":"Environ Geol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1244_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-002-0188-6","volume":"10","author":"E Custodio","year":"2002","unstructured":"Custodio E (2002) Aquifer overexploitation: what does it mean? Hydrogeol J 10(2):254\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10040-002-0188-6","journal-title":"Hydrogeol J"},{"key":"1244_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-006-0551-3","volume":"52","author":"M Jalali","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jalali M (2007) Salinization of groundwater in arid and semi-arid zones: an example from Tajarak, western Iran. Environ Geol 52:1133\u20131149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00254-006-0551-3","journal-title":"Environ Geol"},{"key":"1244_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2008.01.022","volume":"352","author":"L Bouchaou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bouchaou L, Michelot JL, Vengosh A, Hsissou Y, Qurtobi M, Gaye CB, Bullen TD, Zuppi GM (2008) Application of multiple isotopic and geochemical tracers for investigation of recharge, salinization, and residence time of water in the Souss\u2013Massa aquifer, southwest of Morocco. J Hydrol 352:267\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2008.01.022","journal-title":"J Hydrol"},{"key":"1244_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-010-1636-8","volume":"177","author":"NC Mondal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mondal NC, Singh VS, Saxena VK, Singh VP (2011) Assessment of seawater impact using major hydrochemical ions: a case study from Sadras, Tamilnadu, India. Environ Monit Assess 177:315\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-010-1636-8","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"1244_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeps.2013.03.063","volume":"7","author":"MF Ben Hamouda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ben Hamouda MF, Carreira P, Marques JM, Eggenkamp HGM (2013) Geochemical and isotopic investigations to study the origin of mineralization of the coastal aquifer of Sousse, Tunisia. Procedia Earth Planet Sci 7:61\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.proeps.2013.03.063","journal-title":"Procedia Earth Planet Sci"},{"key":"1244_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2013.12.012","volume":"41","author":"PM Carreira","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carreira PM, Marques JM, Nunes D (2014) Source of groundwater salinity in coastline aquifers based on environmental isotopes (Portugal): natural vs. human interference. A review and reinterpretation. Appl Geochem 41:163\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2013.12.012","journal-title":"Appl Geochem"},{"issue":"15","key":"1244_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.3390\/w14152339","volume":"14","author":"PM Carreira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carreira PM, Lobo de Pina A, Mota Gomes A, Marques JM, Monteiro Santos F (2022) Radiocarbon dating and stable isotopes content in the assessment of groundwater recharge at Santiago Island, Republic of Cape Verde. Water 14(15):2339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/w14152339","journal-title":"Water"},{"issue":"4","key":"1244_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3390\/limnolrev24040030","volume":"24","author":"O El Mountassir","year":"2024","unstructured":"El Mountassir O, Bahir M, Hakimi S, Faraj TK, Carreira PM (2024) Assessment of groundwater quality in the semi-arid environment: implications of climate change. Limnol Rev 24(4):520\u2013542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/limnolrev24040030","journal-title":"Limnol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1244_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3390\/hydrology12030046","volume":"12","author":"S Hakimi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hakimi S, Hessane MA, Bahir M, Faraj TK, Carreira PM (2025) Development of transient hydrodynamic and hydrodispersive models in semi-arid environments. Hydrology 12(3):46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/hydrology12030046","journal-title":"Hydrology"},{"key":"1244_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2643","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3428-0","volume":"22","author":"H Bouzourra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bouzourra H, Bouhlila R, Elango L, Slama F, Ouslati N (2015) Characterization of mechanisms and processes of groundwater salinization in irrigated coastal area using statistics, GIS, and hydrogeochemical investigations. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:2643\u20132660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-014-3428-0","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1244_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-009-0496-1","volume":"18","author":"E Custodio","year":"2010","unstructured":"Custodio E (2010) Coastal aquifers of Europe: an overview. Hydrogeol J 18(1):269\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10040-009-0496-1","journal-title":"Hydrogeol J"},{"key":"1244_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2009.11.004","volume":"25","author":"JB Langman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Langman JB, Ellis AS (2010) A multi-isotope (\u03b4D, \u03b418O, 87Sr\/86Sr, and \u03b411B) approach for identifying saltwater intrusion and resolving groundwater evolution along the Western Caprock Escarpment of the Southern High Plains, New Mexico. Appl Geochem 25:159\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2009.11.004","journal-title":"Appl Geochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1244_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-009-0465-8","volume":"18","author":"AD Werner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Werner AD (2010) A review of seawater intrusion and its management in Australia. Hydrogeol J 18(1):281\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10040-009-0465-8","journal-title":"Hydrogeol J"},{"key":"1244_CR34","unstructured":"Ouhamdouch S (2020) Impact du changement climatique et vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des ressources en eau du bassin d\u2019Essaouira. Th\u00e8se de doctorat, Universit\u00e9 Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Maroc, 222 p"},{"key":"1244_CR35","first-page":"23","volume":"23","author":"M Bahir","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bahir M, El Moukhayar R, Carreira P, Souhel A (2015) Isotopic tools for groundwater management in semi-arid area: case of the Wadi Ouazzi Basin (Morocco). Larhyss J 23:23\u201339. https\/\/asjp.cerist.dz\/en\/article\/55271","journal-title":"Larhyss J"},{"key":"1244_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeps.2016.12.038","volume":"17","author":"S Ouhamdoucha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ouhamdoucha S, Bahir M, Carreira PM (2017) Geochemical and isotopic tools to deciphering the origin of mineralization of the coastal aquifer of Essaouira basin, Morocco. Procedia Earth Planet Sci 17:73\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.proeps.2016.12.038","journal-title":"Procedia Earth Planet Sci"},{"key":"1244_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0899-5362(88)90082-6","volume":"7","author":"GP Cl\u00e9ment","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cl\u00e9ment GP, Holser TW (1988) Geochemistry of Moroccan evaporates in the setting of the north Atlantic rift. J Afr Earth Sci 7:375\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0899-5362(88)90082-6","journal-title":"J Afr Earth Sci"},{"key":"1244_CR38","first-page":"1449","volume":"305","author":"B Peybernes","year":"1987","unstructured":"Peybernes B, Bouaouda MS, Almeras Y, Ruget CH, Cugny P (1987) Stratigraphy of the Lias and Dogger of the Essaouira basin (Morocco) before and during the onset of oceanic expansion in the Central Atlantic: comparison with the Agadir Basin. CR Acad Sci 305:1449\u20131555. http:\/\/pascalfrancis.inist.fr\/vibad\/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=7437604","journal-title":"CR Acad Sci"},{"key":"1244_CR39","first-page":"512","volume-title":"Bassin S\u00e9dimentaire du Littoral Africain, partie I","author":"F Duffaud","year":"1966","unstructured":"Duffaud F, Brun L, Planchot B (1966) Bassin du sud-ouest Marocain (SW Morocco basin). In: Reyre D (ed) Bassin S\u00e9dimentaire du Littoral Africain, partie I. Association Services G\u00e9ologiques Africains, Paris, p 512"},{"key":"1244_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3989\/egeol.00563-4150","volume":"56","author":"M Bahir","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bahir M, Mennani A, Jalal M, Youbi N (2000) Ressources hydriques du bassin synclinal d\u2019Essaouira (Maroc). Estud Geol 56:185\u2013195. https:\/\/dialnet.unirioja.es\/servlet\/articulo?codigo=135627","journal-title":"Estud Geol"},{"key":"1244_CR41","unstructured":"Mennani A (2001) Contribution of hydrochemistry and isotopy to understanding the functioning of aquifers in the coastal zone of Essaouira (Western Morocco). Ph.D. thesis, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Maroc, 173 p"},{"key":"1244_CR42","first-page":"300","volume":"37","author":"RK Horton","year":"1965","unstructured":"Horton RK (1965) An index number system for rating water quality. J Water Pollut Control Feder 37:300\u2013306","journal-title":"J Water Pollut Control Feder"},{"key":"1244_CR43","first-page":"339","volume":"117","author":"RM Brown","year":"1970","unstructured":"Brown RM, McClelland NI, Deininger RA, Tozer RG (1970) A water quality index: do we dare? Water Sew Works 117:339\u2013343","journal-title":"Water Sew Works"},{"key":"1244_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-013-0077-2","volume":"3","author":"P Ravikumar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ravikumar P, Mehmood MA, Somashekar RK (2013) Water quality index to determine the surface water quality of Sankey tank and Mallathahalli Lake, Bangalore urban district, Karnataka, India. Appl Water Sci 3:247\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13201-013-0077-2","journal-title":"Appl Water Sci"},{"key":"1244_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Parkhurst DL, Appelo CAJ (1999) User\u2019s guide to PHREEQC (version 2) \u2013 a computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations. USGS Water Resources Investigations Report 99-4259, p 312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3133\/wri994259","DOI":"10.3133\/wri994259"},{"key":"1244_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1029\/TR025i006p00914","volume":"25","author":"AM Piper","year":"1944","unstructured":"Piper AM (1944) A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water analyses. Trans Am Geophys Union 25:914\u2013923","journal-title":"Trans Am Geophys Union"},{"issue":"3","key":"1244_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s100400050204","volume":"7","author":"CP Petalas","year":"1999","unstructured":"Petalas CP, Diamantis IB (1999) Origin and distribution of saline groundwaters in the upper Miocene aquifer system, coastal Rhodope area, northeastern Greece. Hydrogeol J 7(3):305\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s100400050204","journal-title":"Hydrogeol J"},{"key":"1244_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-003-0874-2","volume":"45","author":"A Cardona","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cardona A, Carrillo-Rivera JJ, Huizar-Alvarez R, Garniel-Castro E (2004) Salinization in coastal aquifers of arid zones: an example from Santo Domingo, Beja California Sur, Mexico. Environ Geol 45:350\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00254-003-0874-2","journal-title":"Environ Geol"},{"key":"1244_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4253","DOI":"10.26872\/jmes.2017.8.12.448","volume":"8","author":"H Chenaker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chenaker H, Houha B, Valles V (2017) Isotope studies and chemical investigations of hot springs from North-Eastern Algeria. J Mater Environ Sci 8:4253\u20134263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26872\/jmes.2017.8.12.448","journal-title":"J Mater Environ Sci"},{"key":"1244_CR50","volume-title":"Classification and use of irrigation waters. USDA Circ. 969","author":"LV Wilcox","year":"1955","unstructured":"Wilcox LV (1955) Classification and use of irrigation waters. USDA Circ. 969. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC"},{"key":"1244_CR51","volume-title":"Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils","author":"LA Richards","year":"1954","unstructured":"Richards LA (1954) Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils, vol 78. LWW, 154 p"},{"key":"1244_CR52","volume-title":"Water quality for agriculture","author":"LD Doneen","year":"1964","unstructured":"Doneen LD (1964) Water quality for agriculture. Department of Irrigation, University of California, Davis"},{"key":"1244_CR53","first-page":"607","volume":"66","author":"WP Kelly","year":"1940","unstructured":"Kelly WP (1940) Permissible composition and concentration of irrigation water. Proc Am Soc Civil Eng 66:607\u2013613","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Civil Eng"},{"key":"1244_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-011-1210-x","volume":"66","author":"M Alam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alam M, Rais S, Aslam M (2012) Hydrochemical investigation and quality assessment of ground water in rural areas of Delhi, India. Environ Earth Sci 66:97\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-011-1210-x","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"1244_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3989\/egeol.04603-692","volume":"60","author":"A Abourida","year":"2004","unstructured":"Abourida A, Er-rouane S, Bahir M, da Silva MO, Cheggour A (2004) Contribution of environmental isotopes to understanding the functioning of the Miocene-Pliocene aquifer of the Haouz of Marrakech (Morocco). Estud Geol 60:161\u2013167","journal-title":"Estud Geol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1244_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-5362(96)00065-6","volume":"23","author":"MN Tijani","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tijani MN, Loehnert EP, Uma KO (1996) Origin of saline groundwaters in the Ogoja area, Lower Benue Trough, Nigeria. J Afr Earth Sci 23(2):237\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0899-5362(96)00065-6","journal-title":"J Afr Earth Sci"},{"key":"1244_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1694(02)00307-4","volume":"270","author":"Y Kim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kim Y, Lee KS, Koh DC, Lee DH, Lee SG, Park WB, Koh GW, Woo NC (2003) Hydrogeochemical and isotopic evidence of groundwater salinization in a coastal aquifer: a case study in Jeju volcanic island, Korea. J Hydrol 270:282\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-1694(02)00307-4","journal-title":"J Hydrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1244_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033822200053078","volume":"42","author":"MA Geyh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Geyh MA (2000) An overview of 14C analysis in the study of groundwater. Radiocarbon 42(1):99\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033822200053078","journal-title":"Radiocarbon"},{"issue":"3465","key":"1244_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1126\/science.133.3465.1702","volume":"133","author":"H Craig","year":"1961","unstructured":"Craig H (1961) Isotopic variations in meteoric waters. Science 133(3465):1702\u20131703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.133.3465.1702","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"1244_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.7202\/705212ar","volume":"8","author":"L Bouchaou","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bouchaou L, Chauve P, Mania J, Mudry J, Michelot JL (1995) Contributions of artificial and natural tracing to knowledge of circulation and recharge areas in semi-arid regions: the case of the Beni Mellal Atlas (Morocco). J Water Sci 8(1):43\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7202\/705212ar","journal-title":"J Water Sci"},{"key":"1244_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.7202\/705212ar","volume":"3","author":"M Bahir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bahir M, El Moukhayar R, Chamchati H, Youbi N, Carreira P, Chkir N (2014) Recharge and hydrogeochemical evolution groundwater in semi-arid zone (Essaouira Basin, Morocco). J Resour Dev Manag 3:30\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7202\/705212ar","journal-title":"J Resour Dev Manag"}],"container-title":["The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry","Environmental Contaminants and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/698_2025_1244","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T23:35:19Z","timestamp":1767310519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/698_2025_1244"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"ISBN":["9783032124104","9783032124111"],"references-count":61,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/698_2025_1244","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-979X","1616-864X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1867-979X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1616-864X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 October 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}