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Here we describe step-by-step data analysis protocols for MRI monitoring of renal oxygenation in rodents via the deoxyhemoglobin concentration sensitive MR parameters <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2014a contrast mechanism known as the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) effect.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This chapter describes how to use the analysis tools provided by vendors of animal and clinical MR systems, as well as how to develop an analysis software. Aspects covered are: data quality checks, data exclusion, model fitting, fitting algorithm, starting values, effects of multiecho imaging, and result validation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This chapter is based upon work from the PARENCHIMA COST Action, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This experimental protocol chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concept and data analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-0978-1_36","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T13:06:27Z","timestamp":1611234387000},"page":"591-610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analysis Protocols for MRI Mapping of the Blood Oxygenation\u2013Sensitive Parameters T2* and T2 in the Kidney"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o S.","family":"Periquito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ludger","family":"Starke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlota M.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreia C.","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Lou\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pablo Garc\u00eda","family":"Polo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rita G.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thoralf","family":"Niendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Pohlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"36_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12393","volume":"213","author":"T Niendorf","year":"2015","unstructured":"Niendorf T, Pohlmann A et al (2015) How bold is blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging of the kidney? 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