{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T09:41:24Z","timestamp":1775554884372,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY","reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer US","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781071631461","type":"print"},{"value":"9781071631478","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3147-8_22","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T15:02:39Z","timestamp":1682348559000},"page":"381-403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Using Small-angle X-ray Scattering to Characterize Biological Systems: A General Overview and Practical Tips"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Paquete-Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Leisico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia A. S.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Filipa S. S.","family":"Engrola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Santos-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marino F. A.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"22_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2021.01.001","volume":"46","author":"X Bai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bai X (2021) Seeing atoms by single-particle cryo-EM. Trends Biochem Sci 46:253\u2013254","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"22_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2021.05.007","volume":"71","author":"F Kono","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kono F, Tamada T (2021) Neutron crystallography for the elucidation of enzyme catalysis. Curr Opin Struct Biol 71:36\u201342","journal-title":"Curr Opin Struct Biol"},{"key":"22_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03819-2","volume":"596","author":"J Jumper","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jumper J, Evans R, Pritzel A et al (2021) Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold. Nature 596:583","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"22_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carvalho AL, Santos-Silva T, Romao MJ et al (2018) Structural elucidation of macromolecules. In: Tutar Y (ed) Essential techniques for medical and life scientists: a guide to contemporary methods and current applications with the protocols. Bentham Science Publisher, pp 30\u201391","DOI":"10.2174\/9781681087092118010005"},{"key":"22_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2021.111268","volume":"324","author":"T Konegger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Konegger T, Drechsel C, Peterlik H (2021) In-situ small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) \u2013 a versatile tool for clarifying the evolution of microporosity in polymer-derived ceramics. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 324:111\u2013268","journal-title":"Microporous Mesoporous Mater"},{"key":"22_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2015.08.027","volume":"589","author":"AG Kikhney","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kikhney AG, Svergun DI (2015) A practical guide to small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of flexible and intrinsically disordered proteins. FEBS Lett 589:2570\u20132577","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"22_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crstbi.2020.08.004","volume":"2","author":"S da Vela","year":"2020","unstructured":"da Vela S, Svergun DI (2020) Methods, development and applications of small-angle X-ray scattering to characterize biological macromolecules in solution. Curr Res Struct Biol 2:164\u2013170","journal-title":"Curr Res Struct Biol"},{"key":"22_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1042\/BIO04201036","volume":"42","author":"M Gr\u00e4wert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gr\u00e4wert M, Svergun D (2020) A beginner\u2019s guide to solution small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Biochem (Lond) 42:36\u201342","journal-title":"Biochem (Lond)"},{"key":"22_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-6038-0_15","volume":"1009","author":"A Alford","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alford A, Kozlovskaya V, Kharlampieva E (2017) Small angle scattering for pharmaceutical applications: from drugs to drug delivery systems. Adv Exp Med Biol 1009:239\u2013262","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"22_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2014.07.007","volume":"28","author":"NM Kirby","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kirby NM, Cowieson NP (2014) Time-resolved studies of dynamic biomolecules using small angle X-ray scattering. Curr Opin Struct Biol 28:41\u201346","journal-title":"Curr Opin Struct Biol"},{"key":"22_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2021.05.002","volume":"70","author":"HS Cho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cho HS, Schotte F, Stadnytskyi V et al (2021) Time-resolved X-ray scattering studies of proteins. Curr Opin Struct Biol 70:99\u2013107","journal-title":"Curr Opin Struct Biol"},{"key":"22_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600577521003404","volume":"28","author":"AY Gruzinov","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gruzinov AY, Schroer MA, Manalastas-Cantos K et al (2021) Anomalous SAXS at P12 beamline EMBL Hamburg: instrumentation and applications. J Synchrotron Rad 28:812\u2013823","journal-title":"J Synchrotron Rad"},{"key":"22_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1107\/S205979832101247X","volume":"78","author":"K Virk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Virk K, Yonezaw K, Choukate K et al (2022) K-edge anomalous SAXS for protein solution structure modeling. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 78:204\u2013211","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol"},{"key":"22_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2017.12.012","volume":"180","author":"CG Azevedo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Azevedo CG, Correia I, dos Santos MMC et al (2018) Binding of vanadium to human serum transferrin \u2013 voltammetric and spectrometric studies. J Inorg Biochem 180:211\u2013221","journal-title":"J Inorg Biochem"},{"key":"22_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.201700469","volume":"12","author":"I Correia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Correia I, Chorna I, Cavaco I et al (2017) Interaction of [VIVO(acac)2] with human serum transferrin and albumin. Chem Asian J 12:2062\u20132084","journal-title":"Chem Asian J"},{"key":"22_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17143","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CP08809K","volume":"19","author":"D Molodenskiy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Molodenskiy D, Shirshin E, Tikhonova T et al (2017) Thermally induced conformational changes and protein\u2013protein interactions of bovine serum albumin in aqueous solution under different pH and ionic strengths as revealed by SAXS measurements. Phys Chem Chem Phys 19:17143\u201317155","journal-title":"Phys Chem Chem Phys"},{"key":"22_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-020-00617-4","volume":"12","author":"D Khaykelson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khaykelson D, Raviv U (2020) Studying viruses using solution X-ray scattering. Biophys Rev 12:41\u201348","journal-title":"Biophys Rev"},{"key":"22_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2022.107876","volume":"214","author":"CJ Lalaurie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lalaurie CJ, Splevins A, Barata TS et al (2022) Elucidation of critical pH-dependent structural changes in botulinum neurotoxin E. J Struct Biol 214:107876","journal-title":"J Struct Biol"},{"key":"22_CR19","first-page":"11:1 11:1\u201311","volume":"2020","author":"TF Cust\u00f3dio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cust\u00f3dio TF, Das H, Sheward DJ et al (2020) Selection, biophysical and structural analysis of synthetic nanobodies that effectively neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2020:11:1 11:1\u201311","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"22_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25661","DOI":"10.3402\/nano.v6.25661","volume":"6","author":"L Boldon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boldon L, Laliberte F, Liu L (2015) Review of the fundamental theories behind small angle X-ray scattering, molecular dynamics simulations, and relevant integrated application. Nano Rev 6:25661","journal-title":"Nano Rev"},{"key":"22_CR21","volume-title":"The SAXS guide getting acquainted with the principles","author":"H Schnablegger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schnablegger H, Singh Y (2013) The SAXS guide getting acquainted with the principles, 3rd edn","edition":"3"},{"key":"22_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2014.116","volume":"9","author":"S Skou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Skou S, Gillilan RE, Ando N (2014) Synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering of proteins in solution. Nat Protoc 9:1727\u20131739","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"22_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physchem-040412-110132","volume":"64","author":"CE Blanchet","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blanchet CE, Svergun DI (2013) Small-angle X-ray scattering on biological macromolecules and nanocomposites in solution. Annu Rev Phys Chem 64:37\u201354","journal-title":"Annu Rev Phys Chem"},{"key":"22_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biophys-083012-130301","volume":"42","author":"RP Rambo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rambo RP, Tainer JA (2013) Super-resolution in solution X-ray scattering and its applications to structural systems biology. Annu Rev Biophys 42:415\u2013441","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biophys"},{"key":"22_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst10110975","volume":"10","author":"MA Graewert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Graewert MA, da Vela S, Gr\u00e4wert TW et al (2020) Adding Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) and Light Scattering (LS) devices to obtain high-quality Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) data. Crystals (Basel) 10:975","journal-title":"Crystals (Basel)"},{"key":"22_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600576718014462","volume":"51","author":"S Bucciarelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bucciarelli S, Midtgaard SR, Pedersen MN et al (2018) Size-exclusion chromatography small-angle X-ray scattering of water soluble proteins on a laboratory instrument. J Appl Crystallogr 51:1623\u20131632","journal-title":"J Appl Crystallogr"},{"key":"22_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600577520009960","volume":"27","author":"NP Cowieson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cowieson NP, Edwards-Gayle CJC, Inoue K et al (2020) Beamline B21: high-throughput small-angle X-ray scattering at Diamond Light Source. J Synchrotron Radiat 27:1438\u20131446","journal-title":"J Synchrotron Radiat"},{"key":"22_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1107\/S160057671500254X","volume":"48","author":"CE Blanchet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blanchet CE, Spilotros A, Schwemmer F et al (2015) Versatile sample environments and automation for biological solution X-ray scattering experiments at the P12 beamline (PETRA III, DESY). J Appl Crystallogr 48:431\u2013443","journal-title":"J Appl Crystallogr"},{"key":"22_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1107\/S1399004714026959","volume":"71","author":"A Round","year":"2015","unstructured":"Round A, Felisaz F, Fodinger L et al (2015) BioSAXS sample changer: a robotic sample changer for rapid and reliable high-throughput X-ray solution scattering experiments. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 71:67\u201375","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr"},{"key":"22_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600576720013412","volume":"54","author":"K Manalastas-Cantos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manalastas-Cantos K, Konarev PV, Hajizadeh NR et al (2021) ATSAS 3.0: expanded functionality and new tools for small-angle scattering data analysis. J Appl Crystallogr 54:343\u2013355","journal-title":"J Appl Crystallogr"},{"key":"22_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889810008289","volume":"43","author":"S F\u00f6rster","year":"2010","unstructured":"F\u00f6rster S, Apostol L, Bras W (2010) Scatter: software for the analysis of nano- and mesoscale small-angle scattering. J Appl Crystallogr 43:639\u2013646","journal-title":"J Appl Crystallogr"},{"key":"22_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600577522007238","volume":"29","author":"J Kieffer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kieffer J, Brennich M, Florial J-B et al (2022) New data analysis for BioSAXS at the ESRF. J Synchrotron Radiat 29:1318\u20131328","journal-title":"J Synchrotron Radiat"},{"key":"22_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889803012779","volume":"36","author":"PV Konarev","year":"2003","unstructured":"Konarev PV, Volkov V, Sokolova AV et al (2003) PRIMUS: a windows PC-based system for small-angle scattering data analysis. J Appl Crystallogr 36:1277\u20131282","journal-title":"J Appl Crystallogr"},{"key":"22_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx846","volume":"34","author":"A Panjkovich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Panjkovich A, Svergun DI (2018) CHROMIXS: automatic and interactive analysis of chromatography-coupled small-angle X-ray scattering data. Bioinformatics 34:1944\u20131946","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"22_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1021\/cr990071k","volume":"101","author":"S Doniach","year":"2001","unstructured":"Doniach S (2001) Changes in biomolecular conformation seen by small angle X-ray scattering. Chem Rev 101:1763\u20131778","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"22_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600576716010906","volume":"49","author":"CD Putnam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Putnam CD (2016) Guinier peak analysis for visual and automated inspection of small-Angle X-ray scattering data. J Appl Crystallogr 49:1412\u20131419","journal-title":"J Appl Crystallogr"},{"key":"22_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889895007047","volume":"28","author":"D Svergun","year":"1995","unstructured":"Svergun D, Barberato C, Koch MHJ (1995) CRYSOL \u2013 a program to evaluate X-ray solution scattering of biological macromolecules from atomic coordinates. J Appl Crystallogr 28:768\u2013773","journal-title":"J Appl Crystallogr"},{"key":"22_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5707","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CP04540A","volume":"18","author":"A Panjkovich","year":"2016","unstructured":"Panjkovich A, Svergun DI (2016) Deciphering conformational transitions of proteins by small angle X-ray scattering and normal mode analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 18:5707\u20135719","journal-title":"Phys Chem Chem Phys"},{"key":"22_CR39","first-page":"391:6667 391:60","volume":"1998","author":"BA Katz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Katz BA, Clark JM, Finer-Moore JS et al (1998) Design of potent selective zinc-mediated serine protease inhibitors. Nature 1998:391:6667 391:608\u2013612","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"22_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889809000338","volume":"42","author":"D Franke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Franke D, Svergun DI (2009) DAMMIF, a program for rapid ab-initio shape determination in small-angle scattering. J Appl Crystallogr 42:342\u2013346","journal-title":"J Appl Crystallogr"},{"key":"22_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889803000268","volume":"36","author":"V Volkov","year":"2003","unstructured":"Volkov V, Svergun DI (2003) Uniqueness of ab initio shape determination in small-angle scattering. J Appl Crystallogr 36:860\u2013864","journal-title":"J Appl Crystallogr"},{"key":"22_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2879","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(99)77443-6","volume":"76","author":"DI Svergun","year":"1999","unstructured":"Svergun DI (1999) Restoring low resolution structure of biological macromolecules from solution scattering using simulated annealing. Biophys J 76:2879\u20132886","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"22_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889800014126","volume":"34","author":"MB Kozin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kozin MB, Svergun DI (2001) Automated matching of high- and low-resolution structural models. J Appl Crystallogr 34:33\u201341","journal-title":"J Appl Crystallogr"},{"key":"22_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3731","volume":"29","author":"AG Kikhney","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kikhney AG, Borges CR, Molodenskiy DS et al (2020) SASBDB: towards an automatically curated and validated repository for biological scattering data. Protein Sci 29:66\u201375","journal-title":"Protein Sci"}],"container-title":["Methods in Molecular Biology","Advanced Methods in Structural Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-3147-8_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T15:05:01Z","timestamp":1682348701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-3147-8_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"ISBN":["9781071631461","9781071631478"],"references-count":44,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-3147-8_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-3745","1940-6029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-3745","type":"print"},{"value":"1940-6029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 April 2023","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}