{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T03:39:39Z","timestamp":1767843579739,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":157,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030444358","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030444365","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,30]],"date-time":"2020-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":150,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adipocytes are the most abundant cells within the adipose tissue and are the cell type responsible for the tissue dynamic metabolic and endocrine activity. Under energy surplus conditions, the adipocyte is able to suffer hypertrophy in order to accommodate energy in form of lipids. Simultaneously, new adipocytes are differentiated through a complex and specific process, known as adipogenesis. While this process seems clear for white adipocytes in white adipose tissue, brown adipocytes and brown adipose tissue have distinct characteristics and function. Brown adipocytes are not related with fat accumulation but rather with thermogenesis, a process defined by a rapidly oxidization of lipids in order to produce heat. Additionally, a class of beige adipocytes, which are inducible thermogenic adipocytes originating from white adipose tissue and phenotypically distinct from both, have been described though how these are originated and which are the main functions are still matters of discussion. Interestingly, the induction of thermogenesis seems to improve insulin resistance, adiposity and hyperlipidemia. Thus, inducing the browning of white adipocytes to beige adipocytes is thought to be promising to improve the common metabolic disorders, such as obesity or metabolic syndrome. This chapter focuses on the specific signaling and regulatory control of adipocyte functions, particularly adipogenesis and adipocyte browning. Emerging insights of these processes are herein discussed, as promising therapeutic targets for obesity and other common metabolic disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-44436-5_15","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T18:02:55Z","timestamp":1590775375000},"page":"409-436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Adipocyte Specific Signaling"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"David F.","family":"Carrageta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro F.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mariana P.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marco G.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2009.00623.x","volume":"11","author":"MM Ibrahim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ibrahim MM (2010) Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: structural and functional differences. Obes Rev 11(1):11\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2009.00623.x","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"15_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3198","volume":"12","author":"AG Cristancho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cristancho AG, Lazar MA (2011) Forming functional fat: a growing understanding of adipocyte differentiation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(11):722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm3198","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"15_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-1430","volume":"62","author":"H Sacks","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sacks H, Symonds ME (2013) Anatomical locations of human brown adipose tissue: functional relevance and implications in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 62(6):1783\u20131790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db12-1430","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1159\/000321319","volume":"58","author":"CH Saely","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saely CH, Geiger K, Drexel H (2012) Brown versus white adipose tissue: a mini-review. Gerontology 58(1):15\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000321319","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"15_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2015.06.016","volume":"135","author":"T Tsiloulis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsiloulis T, Watt MJ (2015) Exercise and the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism. Progr Mol Biol Transl Sci 135:175\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2015.06.016","journal-title":"Progr Mol Biol Transl Sci"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"15_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S192","DOI":"10.2223\/JPED.1709","volume":"83","author":"MH Fonseca-Alaniz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fonseca-Alaniz MH, Takada J, Alonso-Vale MI, Lima FB (2007) Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ: from theory to practice. Jornal de Pediatria (Rio de Janeiro) 83(5 Suppl):S192\u2013S203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2223\/JPED.1709","journal-title":"Jornal de Pediatria (Rio de Janeiro)"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2013.33181","volume":"9","author":"M Coelho","year":"2013","unstructured":"Coelho M, Oliveira T, Fernandes R (2013) Biochemistry of adipose tissue: an endocrine organ. Arch Med Sci 9(2):191\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/aoms.2013.33181","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"15_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thomou T, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL (2010) Cellular and molecular basis of functional differences among fat depots. In: Adipose tissue in health and disease, pp 21\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9783527629527.ch2","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527629527.ch2"},{"key":"15_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chavey C, Lagarrigue S, Annicotte J, Fajas L (2013) Emerging roles of cell cycle regulators in adipocyte metabolism. In: Bastard J-P, F\u00e8ve B (eds) Physiology and physiopathology of adipose tissue. Springer, Paris, pp 17\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-2-8178-0343-2_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-2-8178-0343-2_2"},{"issue":"6","key":"15_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1749","volume":"56","author":"S Nishimura","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nishimura S, Manabe I, Nagasaki M, Hosoya Y, Yamashita H, Fujita H, Ohsugi M, Tobe K, Kadowaki T, Nagai R, Sugiura S (2007) Adipogenesis in obesity requires close interplay between differentiating adipocytes, stromal cells, and blood vessels. Diabetes 56(6):1517\u20131526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db06-1749","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"7196","key":"15_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06902","volume":"453","author":"KL Spalding","year":"2008","unstructured":"Spalding KL, Arner E, Westermark PO, Bernard S, Buchholz BA, Bergmann O, Blomqvist L, Hoffstedt J, N\u00e4slund E, Britton T (2008) Dynamics of fat cell turnover in humans. Nature 453(7196):783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature06902","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"15_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zuk P (2013) Adipose-derived stem cells in tissue regeneration: a review. ISRN Stem Cells 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/713959","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/713959"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R021089","volume":"53","author":"WP Cawthorn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cawthorn WP, Scheller EL, MacDougald OA (2012) Adipose tissue stem cells meet preadipocyte commitment: going back to the future. J Lipid Res 53(2):227\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.R021089","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"15_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.12.012","volume":"156","author":"ED Rosen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosen ED, Spiegelman BM (2014) What we talk about when we talk about fat. Cell 156(1\u20132):20\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2013.12.012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-017-9774-9","volume":"14","author":"CN Sarantopoulos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sarantopoulos CN, Banyard DA, Ziegler ME, Sun B, Shaterian A, Widgerow AD (2018) Elucidating the preadipocyte and its role in adipocyte formation: a comprehensive review. Stem Cell Rev Rep 14(1):27\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-017-9774-9","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"15_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4279","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e02-02-0105","volume":"13","author":"PA Zuk","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zuk PA, Zhu M, Ashjian P, De Ugarte DA, Huang JI, Mizuno H, Alfonso ZC, Fraser JK, Benhaim P, Hedrick MH (2002) Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. Mol Biol Cell 13(12):4279\u20134295","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"15_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20042224","volume":"201","author":"A-M Rodriguez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rodriguez A-M, Pisani D, Dechesne CA, Turc-Carel C, Kurzenne J-Y, Wdziekonski B, Villageois A, Bagnis C, Breittmayer J-P, Groux H (2005) Transplantation of a multipotent cell population from human adipose tissue induces dystrophin expression in the immunocompetent mdx mouse. J Exp Med 201(9):1397\u20131405","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"27","key":"15_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18282","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.008631","volume":"284","author":"V Bezaire","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bezaire V, Mairal A, Ribet C, Lefort C, Girousse A, Jocken J, Laurencikiene J, Anesia R, Rodriguez AM, Ryden M, Stenson BM, Dani C, Ailhaud G, Arner P, Langin D (2009) Contribution of adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase to lipolysis in hMADS adipocytes. J Biol Chem 284(27):18282\u201318291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M109.008631","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"15_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2040","volume":"94","author":"C Poitou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Poitou C, Divoux A, Al F, Tordjman J, Hugol D, Aissat A, Keophiphath M, Henegar C, Sp C, Cl\u00e9ment K (2009) Role of serum amyloid a in adipocyte-macrophage cross talk and adipocyte cholesterol efflux. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94(5):1810\u20131817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2008-2040","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"15_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohsen-Kanson T, Wdziekonski B, Villageois P, Hafner A-L, Lay N, Martin P, Zaragosi L-E, Billon N, Plaisant M, Peraldi P (2013) Development of adipose cells. In: Physiology and physiopathology of adipose tissue. Springer, pp 3\u201316","DOI":"10.1007\/978-2-8178-0332-6_1"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E298","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00202.2006","volume":"292","author":"T Tchkonia","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tchkonia T, Lenburg M, Thomou T, Giorgadze N, Frampton G, Pirtskhalava T, Cartwright A, Cartwright M, Flanagan J, Karagiannides I (2007) Identification of depot-specific human fat cell progenitors through distinct expression profiles and developmental gene patterns. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab 292(1):E298\u2013E307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00202.2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"15_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21133","volume":"23","author":"SK Fried","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fried SK, Lee MJ, Karastergiou K (2015) Shaping fat distribution: new insights into the molecular determinants of depot-and sex-dependent adipose biology. Obesity 23(7):1345\u20131352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.21133","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"6","key":"15_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-3933-4","volume":"59","author":"V Pellegrinelli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pellegrinelli V, Carobbio S, Vidal-Puig A (2016) Adipose tissue plasticity: how fat depots respond differently to pathophysiological cues. Diabetologia 59(6):1075\u20131088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-016-3933-4","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"15_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tordjman J (2013) Histology of adipose tissue. In: Physiology and physiopathology of adipose tissue. Springer, pp 67\u201375","DOI":"10.1007\/978-2-8178-0343-2_6"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2008.09.002","volume":"20","author":"C Christodoulides","year":"2009","unstructured":"Christodoulides C, Lagathu C, Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig A (2009) Adipogenesis and WNT signalling. Trends Endocrinol Metab 20(1):16\u201324","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"15_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.02.001","volume":"43","author":"DF Carrageta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carrageta DF, Dias TR, Alves MG, Oliveira PF, Monteiro MP, Silva BM (2018) Anti-obesity potential of natural methylxanthines. J Funct Foods 43:84\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2018.02.001","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2012.08.038","volume":"2","author":"BO Park","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park BO, Ahrends R, Teruel MN (2012) Consecutive positive feedback loops create a bistable switch that controls preadipocyte-to-adipocyte conversion. Cell Rep 2(4):976\u2013990. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2012.08.038","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24473","volume":"229","author":"A Eisenstein","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eisenstein A, Ravid K (2014) G protein-coupled receptors and adipogenesis: a focus on adenosine receptors. J Cell Physiol 229(4):414\u2013421","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"15_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.11.1293","volume":"14","author":"ED Rosen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rosen ED, Walkey CJ, Puigserver P, Spiegelman BM (2000) Transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis. Genes Dev 14(11):1293\u20131307","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"issue":"12","key":"15_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2066","volume":"7","author":"ED Rosen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rosen ED, MacDougald OA (2006) Adipocyte differentiation from the inside out. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 7(12):885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm2066","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"17","key":"15_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7921","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.17.7921","volume":"92","author":"Y Zhu","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Qi C, Korenberg JR, Chen X-N, Noya D, Rao MS, Reddy JK (1995) Structural organization of mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (mPPAR gamma) gene: alternative promoter use and different splicing yield two mPPAR gamma isoforms. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92(17):7921\u20137925","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"44","key":"15_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41925","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M206950200","volume":"277","author":"E Mueller","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mueller E, Drori S, Aiyer A, Yie J, Sarraf P, Chen H, Hauser S, Rosen ED, Ge K, Roeder RG (2002) Genetic analysis of adipogenesis through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 isoforms. J Biol Chem 277(44):41925\u201341930","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.953802","volume":"16","author":"D Ren","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ren D, Collingwood TN, Rebar EJ, Wolffe AP, Camp HS (2002) PPAR\u03b3 knockdown by engineered transcription factors: exogenous PPAR\u03b32 but not PPAR\u03b31 reactivates adipogenesis. Genes Dev 16(1):27\u201332","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"issue":"29","key":"15_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10703","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403652101","volume":"101","author":"J Zhang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhang J, Fu M, Cui T, Xiong C, Xu K, Zhong W, Xiao Y, Floyd D, Liang J, Li E (2004) Selective disruption of PPAR\u03b32 impairs the development of adipose tissue and insulin sensitivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101(29):10703\u201310708","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"6","key":"15_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.6.1706","volume":"54","author":"G Medina-Gomez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Medina-Gomez G, Virtue S, Lelliott C, Boiani R, Campbell M, Christodoulides C, Perrin C, Jimenez-Linan M, Blount M, Dixon J (2005) The link between nutritional status and insulin sensitivity is dependent on the adipocyte-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b32 isoform. Diabetes 54(6):1706\u20131716","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"7","key":"15_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.7.2045","volume":"51","author":"Y Tamori","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tamori Y, Masugi J, Nishino N, Kasuga M (2002) Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 in maintenance of the characteristics of mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Diabetes 51(7):2045\u20132055","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"13","key":"15_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4543","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400356101","volume":"101","author":"T Imai","year":"2004","unstructured":"Imai T, Takakuwa R, Marchand S, Dentz E, Bornert J-M, Messaddeq N, Wendling O, Mark M, Desvergne B, Wahli W (2004) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 is required in mature white and brown adipocytes for their survival in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101(13):4543\u20134547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0400356101","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"24","key":"15_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7432","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.24.7432","volume":"16","author":"T Tanaka","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tanaka T, Yoshida N, Kishimoto T, Akira S (1997) Defective adipocyte differentiation in mice lacking the C\/EBP\u03b2 and\/or C\/EBP\u03b4 gene. EMBO J 16(24):7432\u20137443","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"22","key":"15_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12532","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.211416898","volume":"98","author":"HG Linhart","year":"2001","unstructured":"Linhart HG, Ishimura-Oka K, DeMayo F, Kibe T, Repka D, Poindexter B, Bick RJ, Darlington GJ (2001) C\/EBP\u03b1 is required for differentiation of white, but not brown, adipose tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(22):12532\u201312537","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"19","key":"15_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7292","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.19.7292-7299.2000","volume":"20","author":"S-S Chen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chen S-S, Chen J-F, Johnson PF, Muppala V, Lee Y-H (2000) C\/EBP\u03b2, when expressed from the C\/ebp\u03b1 gene locus, can functionally replace C\/EBP\u03b1 in liver but not in adipose tissue. Mol Cell Biol 20(19):7292\u20137299","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"15_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7946","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.12.7946","volume":"274","author":"AK El-Jack","year":"1999","unstructured":"El-Jack AK, Hamm JK, Pilch PF, Farmer SR (1999) Reconstitution of insulin-sensitive glucose transport in fibroblasts requires expression of both PPAR\u03b3 and C\/EBP\u03b1. J Biol Chem 274(12):7946\u20137951","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.948702","volume":"16","author":"ED Rosen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rosen ED, Hsu C-H, Wang X, Sakai S, Freeman MW, Gonzalez FJ, Spiegelman BM (2002) C\/EBP\u03b1 induces adipogenesis through PPAR\u03b3: a unified pathway. Genes Dev 16(1):22\u201326","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"issue":"12","key":"15_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7960","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M510682200","volume":"281","author":"Y Zuo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zuo Y, Qiang L, Farmer SR (2006) Activation of CCAAT\/enhancer-binding protein (C\/EBP) \u03b1 expression by C\/EBP\u03b2 during adipogenesis requires a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3-associated repression of HDAC1 at the C\/ebp\u03b1 gene promoter. J Biol Chem 281(12):7960\u20137967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M510682200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"15_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2006-0006","volume":"24","author":"LE Zaragosi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zaragosi LE, Ailhaud G, Dani C (2006) Autocrine fibroblast growth factor 2 signaling is critical for self-renewal of human multipotent adipose-derived stem cells. Stem Cells 24(11):2412\u20132419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1634\/stemcells.2006-0006","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"48","key":"15_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46226","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207776200","volume":"277","author":"D Prusty","year":"2002","unstructured":"Prusty D, Park B-H, Davis KE, Farmer SR (2002) Activation of MEK\/ERK signaling promotes adipogenesis by enhancing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 (PPAR\u03b3) and C\/EBP\u03b1 gene expression during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. J Biol Chem 277(48):46226\u201346232","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E121","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90602.2008","volume":"296","author":"CH Widberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Widberg CH, Newell FS, Bachmann AW, Ramnoruth SN, Spelta MC, Whitehead JP, Hutley LJ, Prins JB (2009) Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 is a key regulator of early adipogenic events in human preadipocytes. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab 296(1):E121\u2013E131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.90602.2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0120073","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120073","volume":"10","author":"S Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim S, Ahn C, Bong N, Choe S, Lee DK (2015) Biphasic effects of FGF2 on adipogenesis. PLoS One 10(3):e0120073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0120073","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2256","volume":"102","author":"W Oliva-Olivera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oliva-Olivera W, Co\u00edn-Arag\u00fcez L, Lhamyani S, Clemente-Postigo M, Torres JA, Bernal-L\u00f3pez MR, El Bekay R, Tinahones FJ (2016) Adipogenic impairment of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in subjects with metabolic syndrome: possible protective role of FGF2. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 102(2):478\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2016-2256","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"15_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.04.012","volume":"339","author":"LJ Hutley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hutley LJ, Newell FS, Kim Y-H, Luo X, Widberg CH, Shurety W, Prins JB, Whitehead JP (2011) A putative role for endogenous FGF-2 in FGF-1 mediated differentiation of human preadipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 339(1\u20132):165\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2011.04.012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"15_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2049","volume":"95","author":"N Mejhert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mejhert N, Galitzky J, Pettersson AT, Bambace C, Blomqvist L, Bouloumi\u00e9 A, Frayn KN, Dahlman I, Arner P, Ryd\u00e9n M (2010) Mapping of the fibroblast growth factors in human white adipose tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95(5):2451\u20132457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2009-2049","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"15_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0013","volume":"59","author":"LE Zaragosi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zaragosi LE, Wdziekonski B, Villageois P, Keophiphath M, Maumus M, Tchkonia T, Bourlier V, Mohsen-Kanson T, Ladoux A, Elabd C, Scheideler M, Trajanoski Z, Takashima Y, Amri EZ, Lacasa D, Sengenes C, Ailhaud G, Clement K, Bouloumie A, Kirkland JL, Dani C (2010) Activin a plays a critical role in proliferation and differentiation of human adipose progenitors. Diabetes 59(10):2513\u20132521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db10-0013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR52","first-page":"42","volume":"1","author":"P Villageois","year":"2012","unstructured":"Villageois P, Wdziekonski B, Zaragosi L-E, Plaisant M, Mohsen-Kanson T, Lay N, Ladoux A, Peraldi P, Dani C (2012) Regulators of human adipose-derived stem cell self-renewal. Am J Stem Cells 1(1):42","journal-title":"Am J Stem Cells"},{"issue":"11","key":"15_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0585","volume":"59","author":"A Divoux","year":"2010","unstructured":"Divoux A, Tordjman J, Lacasa D, Veyrie N, Hugol D, Aissat A, Basdevant A, Guerre-Millo M, Poitou C, Zucker JD, Bedossa P, Clement K (2010) Fibrosis in human adipose tissue: composition, distribution, and link with lipid metabolism and fat mass loss. Diabetes 59(11):2817\u20132825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db10-0585","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2008-0183","volume":"23","author":"M Keophiphath","year":"2009","unstructured":"Keophiphath M, Achard V, Henegar C, Rouault C, Cl\u00e9ment K, Lacasa D (2009) Macrophage-secreted factors promote a profibrotic phenotype in human preadipocytes. Mol Endocrinol 23(1):11\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/me.2008-0183","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21377","volume":"24","author":"LA Muir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Muir LA, Neeley CK, Meyer KA, Baker NA, Brosius AM, Washabaugh AR, Varban OA, Finks JF, Zamarron BF, Flesher CG (2016) Adipose tissue fibrosis, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia: correlations with diabetes in human obesity. Obesity 24(3):597\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.21377","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"15_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-017-1955-5","volume":"469","author":"MA Lauterbach","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lauterbach MA, Wunderlich FT (2017) Macrophage function in obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv-Eur J Physiol 469(3\u20134):385\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00424-017-1955-5","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv-Eur J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2010-0018","volume":"32","author":"N Zamani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zamani N, Brown CW (2010) Emerging roles for the transforming growth factor-\u03b2 superfamily in regulating adiposity and energy expenditure. Endocr Rev 32(3):387\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2010-0018","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.149.3.667","volume":"149","author":"L Choy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Choy L, Skillington J, Derynck R (2000) Roles of autocrine TGF-\u03b2 receptor and Smad signaling in adipocyte differentiation. J Cell Biol 149(3):667\u2013682","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"24","key":"15_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8530","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.24.8530","volume":"82","author":"RA Ignotz","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ignotz RA, Massague J (1985) Type beta transforming growth factor controls the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3 fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82(24):8530\u20138534","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"11","key":"15_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9609","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212259200","volume":"278","author":"L Choy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Choy L, Derynck R (2003) Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 inhibits adipocyte differentiation by Smad3 interacting with CCAAT\/enhancer-binding protein (C\/EBP) and repressing C\/EBP transactivation function. J Biol Chem 278(11):9609\u20139619","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.0301239","volume":"19","author":"S Zhou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhou S, Eid K, Glowacki J (2004) Cooperation between TGF-beta and Wnt pathways during chondrocyte and adipocyte differentiation of human marrow stromal cells. J Bone Miner Res 19(3):463\u2013470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/JBMR.0301239","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.09-0442","volume":"72","author":"M Suenaga","year":"2010","unstructured":"Suenaga M, Matsui T, Funaba M (2010) BMP inhibition with dorsomorphin limits adipogenic potential of preadipocytes. J Vet Med Sci 72(3):373\u2013377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1292\/jvms.09-0442","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"15_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2010.0355","volume":"20","author":"MA Vicente L\u00f3pez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vicente L\u00f3pez MA, V\u00e1zquez Garc\u00eda MN, Entrena A, Olmedillas Lopez S, Garc\u00eda-Arranz M, Garc\u00eda-Olmo D, Zapata A (2010) Low doses of bone morphogenetic protein 4 increase the survival of human adipose-derived stem cells maintaining their stemness and multipotency. Stem Cells Dev 20(6):1011\u20131019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/scd.2010.0355","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"issue":"8","key":"15_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.07.048","volume":"16","author":"S Modica","year":"2016","unstructured":"Modica S, Straub LG, Balaz M, Sun W, Varga L, Stefanicka P, Profant M, Simon E, Neubauer H, Ukropcova B (2016) Bmp4 promotes a brown to white-like adipocyte shift. Cell Reports 16(8):2243\u20132258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.07.048","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"15_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.20.010403.113126","volume":"20","author":"CY Logan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Logan CY, Nusse R (2004) The Wnt signaling pathway in development and disease. Ann Rev Cell Dev Biol 20:781\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.20.010403.113126","journal-title":"Ann Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"5481","key":"15_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5481.950","volume":"289","author":"SE Ross","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ross SE, Hemati N, Longo KA, Bennett CN, Lucas PC, Erickson RL, MacDougald OA (2000) Inhibition of adipogenesis by Wnt signaling. Science 289(5481):950\u2013953","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"34","key":"15_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30998","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204527200","volume":"277","author":"CN Bennett","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bennett CN, Ross SE, Longo KA, Bajnok L, Hemati N, Johnson KW, Harrison SD, MacDougald OA (2002) Regulation of Wnt signaling during adipogenesis. J Biol Chem 277(34):30998\u201331004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M204527200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"43","key":"15_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45020","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M407050200","volume":"279","author":"J Liu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liu J, Farmer SR (2004) Regulating the balance between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 and \u03b2-catenin signaling during Adipogenesis A glycogen synthase kinase 3\u03b2 phosphorylation-defective mutant of \u03b2-catenin inhibits expression of a subset of adipogenic genes. J Biol Chem 279(43):45020\u201345027","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"15_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02975","volume":"119","author":"C Christodoulides","year":"2006","unstructured":"Christodoulides C, Laudes M, Cawthorn WP, Schinner S, Soos M, O\u2019Rahilly S, Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig A (2006) The Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 and its receptors are coordinately regulated during early human adipogenesis. J Cell Sci 119(12):2613\u20132620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jcs.02975","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"15_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4946","DOI":"10.1128\/Mcb.25.12-4946-4955.2005","volume":"25","author":"M Ai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ai M, Holmen SL, Van Hul W, Williams BO, Warman ML (2005) Reduced affinity to and inhibition by DKK1 form a common mechanism by which high bone mass-associated missense mutations in LRP5 affect canonical Wnt signaling. Mol Cell Biol 25(12):4946\u20134955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/Mcb.25.12-4946-4955.2005","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"15_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070721","volume":"22","author":"W Qiu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Qiu W, Andersen TE, Bollerslev J, Mandrup S, Abdallah BM, Kassem M (2007) Patients with high bone mass phenotype exhibit enhanced osteoblast differentiation and inhibition of adipogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Bone Miner Res 22(11):1720\u20131731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.070721","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"15_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28551","volume":"116","author":"V Krishnan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krishnan V, Bryant HU, MacDougald OA (2006) Regulation of bone mass by Wnt signaling. J Clin Invest 116(5):1202\u20131209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI28551","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"15","key":"15_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5827","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00441-06","volume":"26","author":"J Liu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liu J, Wang H, Zuo Y, Farmer SR (2006) Functional interaction between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 and \u03b2-catenin. Mol Cell Biol 26(15):5827\u20135837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MCB.00441-06","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"15_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.12.011","volume":"131","author":"MV Semenov","year":"2007","unstructured":"Semenov MV, Habas R, MacDonald BT, He X (2007) SnapShot: noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways. Cell 131(7):1378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2007.12.011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.03.007","volume":"330","author":"A Kanazawa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kanazawa A, Tsukada S, Kamiyama M, Yanagimoto T, Nakajima M, Maeda S (2005) Wnt5b partially inhibits canonical Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway and promotes adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 330(2):505\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.03.007","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e115","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040115","volume":"4","author":"AJ Mikels","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mikels AJ, Nusse R (2006) Purified Wnt5a protein activates or inhibits \u03b2-catenin\u2013TCF signaling depending on receptor context. PLoS Biol 4(4):e115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040115","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"14","key":"15_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5421","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.02437-05","volume":"26","author":"Y Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang Y, Sul HS (2006) Ectodomain shedding of preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref-1) by tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme (TACE) and inhibition of adipocyte differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 26(14):5421\u20135435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MCB.02437-05","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"15_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee YL, Helman L, Hoffman T, Laborda J (1995) dlk, pG2 and Pref-1 mRNAs encode similar proteins belonging to the EGF-like superfamily. In: Identification of polymorphic variants of this RNA. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)\u2014Gene structure and expression, vol 1261, no 2, pp 223\u2013232","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4781(95)00007-4"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-0436.1999.6420103.x","volume":"64","author":"C Garc\u00e9s","year":"1999","unstructured":"Garc\u00e9s C, Ruiz-Hidalgo MJ, Bonvini E, Goldstein J, Laborda J (1999) Adipocyte differentiation is modulated by secreted delta-like (dlk) variants and requires the expression of membrane-associated dlk. Differentiation 64(2):103\u2013114","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3640137","volume":"364","author":"M Baisong","year":"2002","unstructured":"Baisong M, Ling Z, Li C, Sul HS (2002) Only the large soluble form of preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1), but not the small soluble and membrane forms, inhibits adipocyte differentiation: role of alternative splicing. Biochem J 364(1):137\u2013144","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.17.2.977","volume":"17","author":"CM Smas","year":"1997","unstructured":"Smas CM, Chen L, Sul HS (1997) Cleavage of membrane-associated pref-1 generates a soluble inhibitor of adipocyte differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 17(2):977\u2013988","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90252-L","volume":"73","author":"CM Smas","year":"1993","unstructured":"Smas CM, Sul HS (1993) Pref-1, a protein containing EGF-like repeats, inhibits adipocyte differentiation. Cell 73(4):725\u2013734","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"18","key":"15_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12632","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.18.12632","volume":"274","author":"CM Smas","year":"1999","unstructured":"Smas CM, Chen L, Zhao L, Latasa M-J, Sul HS (1999) Transcriptional repression of pref-1 by glucocorticoids promotes 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. J Biol Chem 274(18):12632\u201312641","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"15_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mortensen SB, Jensen CH, Schneider M, Thomassen M, Kruse TA, Laborda J, Sheikh SP, Andersen DC (2012) Membrane-tethered delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) restricts adipose tissue size by inhibiting preadipocyte proliferation. Diabetes:DB_120176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db12-0176","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-0176"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.4161\/adip.24994","volume":"2","author":"GA Traustadottir","year":"2013","unstructured":"Traustadottir GA, Kosmina R, Sheikh SP, Jensen CH, Andersen DC (2013) Preadipocytes proliferate and differentiate under the guidance of Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1). Adipocyte 2(4):272\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/adip.24994","journal-title":"Adipocyte"},{"key":"15_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Teglund S, Toftg\u00e5rd R (2010) Hedgehog beyond medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)\u2014Rev Cancer 1805(2):181\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbcan.2010.01.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2010.01.003"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3390\/jdb5010003","volume":"5","author":"H Fernandes-Silva","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fernandes-Silva H, Correia-Pinto J, Moura RS (2017) Canonical sonic hedgehog signaling in early lung development. J Dev Biol 5(1):3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jdb5010003","journal-title":"J Dev Biol"},{"key":"15_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"i Altaba AR, Mas C, Stecca B (2007) The Gli code: an information nexus regulating cell fate, stemness and cancer. Trends Cell Biol 17(9):438\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tcb.2007.06.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2007.06.007"},{"key":"15_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stecca B, Mas C, Clement V, Zbinden M, Correa R, Piguet V, Beermann F, i Altaba AR (2007) Melanomas require HEDGEHOG-GLI signaling regulated by interactions between GLI1 and the RAS-MEK\/AKT pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(14):5895\u20135900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0700776104","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0700776104"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16798","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016798","volume":"6","author":"M Plaisant","year":"2011","unstructured":"Plaisant M, Giorgetti-Peraldi S, Gabrielson M, Loubat A, Dani C, Peraldi P (2011) Inhibition of hedgehog signaling decreases proliferation and clonogenicity of human mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 6(2):e16798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0016798","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0974","volume":"26","author":"C Fontaine","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fontaine C, Cousin W, Plaisant M, Dani C, Peraldi P (2008) Hedgehog signaling alters adipocyte maturation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells 26(4):1037\u20131046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0974","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"15_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shi Y, Long F (2017) Hedgehog signaling via Gli2 prevents obesity induced by high-fat diet in adult mice. Elife 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.31649","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.31649"},{"key":"15_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moseti D, Regassa A, Kim WK (2016) Molecular regulation of adipogenesis and potential anti-adipogenic bioactive molecules. Int J Mol Sci 17(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms17010124","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17010124"},{"issue":"13","key":"15_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12867","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M410515200","volume":"280","author":"T Mori","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mori T, Sakaue H, Iguchi H, Gomi H, Okada Y, Takashima Y, Nakamura K, Nakamura T, Yamauchi T, Kubota N, Kadowaki T, Matsuki Y, Ogawa W, Hiramatsu R, Kasuga M (2005) Role of Kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) in transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis. J Biol Chem 280(13):12867\u201312875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M410515200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"37","key":"15_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34322","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M201304200","volume":"277","author":"S Gray","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gray S, Feinberg MW, Hull S, Kuo CT, Watanabe M, Sen-Banerjee S, DePina A, Haspel R, Jain MK (2002) The Kruppel-like factor KLF15 regulates the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter GLUT4. J Biol Chem 277(37):34322\u201334328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M201304200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.02.001","volume":"7","author":"K Birsoy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Birsoy K, Chen Z, Friedman J (2008) Transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis by KLF4. Cell Metab 7(4):339\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.02.001","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2004.11.005","volume":"1","author":"Y Oishi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Oishi Y, Manabe I, Tobe K, Tsushima K, Shindo T, Fujiu K, Nishimura G, Maemura K, Yamauchi T, Kubota N, Suzuki R, Kitamura T, Akira S, Kadowaki T, Nagai R (2005) Kruppel-like transcription factor KLF5 is a key regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Cell Metab 1(1):27\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2004.11.005","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2010.100","volume":"18","author":"H Pei","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pei H, Yao Y, Yang Y, Liao K, Wu JR (2011) Kruppel-like factor KLF9 regulates PPARgamma transactivation at the middle stage of adipogenesis. Cell Death Differ 18(2):315\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cdd.2010.100","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"29","key":"15_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26941","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M500463200","volume":"280","author":"D Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li D, Yea S, Li S, Chen Z, Narla G, Banck M, Laborda J, Tan S, Friedman JM, Friedman SL, Walsh MJ (2005) Kruppel-like factor-6 promotes preadipocyte differentiation through histone deacetylase 3-dependent repression of DLK1. J Biol Chem 280(29):26941\u201326952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M500463200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"33","key":"15_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11098","DOI":"10.1021\/bi050166i","volume":"44","author":"J Wu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wu J, Srinivasan SV, Neumann JC, Lingrel JB (2005) The KLF2 transcription factor does not affect the formation of preadipocytes but inhibits their differentiation into adipocytes. Biochemistry 44(33):11098\u201311105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/bi050166i","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M210859200","volume":"278","author":"SS Banerjee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Banerjee SS, Feinberg MW, Watanabe M, Gray S, Haspel RL, Denkinger DJ, Kawahara R, Hauner H, Jain MK (2003) The Kruppel-like factor KLF2 inhibits peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma expression and adipogenesis. J Biol Chem 278(4):2581\u20132584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M210859200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5489","key":"15_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5489.134","volume":"290","author":"Q Tong","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tong Q, Dalgin G, Xu H, Ting C-N, Leiden JM, Hotamisligil GS (2000) Function of GATA transcription factors in preadipocyte-adipocyte transition. Science 290(5489):134\u2013138","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.25.2.706-715.2005","volume":"25","author":"Q Tong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tong Q, Tsai J, Tan G, Dalgin G, Hotamisligil GS (2005) Interaction between GATA and the C\/EBP family of transcription factors is critical in GATA-mediated suppression of adipocyte differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 25(2):706\u2013715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MCB.25.2.706-715.2005","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"15_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641332","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.641332","volume":"M115","author":"L Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang L, Di L-j (2015) Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin mediates AICAR effect in increasing GATA3 expression and inhibiting adipogenesis. J Biol Chem:JBC M115:641332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M115.641332","journal-title":"J Biol Chem:JBC"},{"key":"15_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Benador IY, Veliova M, Mahdaviani K, Petcherski A, Wikstrom JD, Assali EA, Acin-Perez R, Shum M, Oliveira MF, Cinti S, Sztalryd C, Barshop WD, Wohlschlegel JA, Corkey BE, Liesa M, Shirihai OS (2018) Mitochondria bound to lipid droplets have unique bioenergetics, composition, and dynamics that support lipid droplet expansion. Cell Metab 27(4):869\u2013885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.003"},{"issue":"8","key":"15_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2016.62","volume":"17","author":"T Inagaki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Inagaki T, Sakai J, Kajimura S (2016) Transcriptional and epigenetic control of brown and beige adipose cell fate and function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 17(8):480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm.2016.62","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"15_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2018_168","author":"SM Jung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jung SM, Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Guertin DA (2018) Brown adipose tissue development and metabolism. Handb Exp Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/164_2018_168","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"15_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2740","volume":"15","author":"M Rosenwald","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosenwald M, Perdikari A, Rulicke T, Wolfrum C (2013) Bi-directional interconversion of brite and white adipocytes. Nat Cell Biol 15(6):659\u2013667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncb2740","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-263038","volume":"29","author":"YH Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee YH, Petkova AP, Konkar AA, Granneman JG (2015) Cellular origins of cold-induced brown adipocytes in adult mice. FASEB Journal 29(1):286\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.14-263038","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"issue":"7259","key":"15_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08262","volume":"460","author":"S Kajimura","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kajimura S, Seale P, Kubota K, Lunsford E, Frangioni JV, Gygi SP, Spiegelman BM (2009) Initiation of myoblast to brown fat switch by a PRDM16\u2013C\/EBP-\u03b2 transcriptional complex. Nature 460(7259):1154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature08262","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7207","key":"15_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07182","volume":"454","author":"P Seale","year":"2008","unstructured":"Seale P, Bjork B, Yang W, Kajimura S, Chin S, Kuang S, Scime A, Devarakonda S, Conroe HM, Erdjument-Bromage H (2008) PRDM16 controls a brown fat\/skeletal muscle switch. Nature 454(7207):961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature07182","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44271","volume":"121","author":"P Seale","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seale P, Conroe HM, Estall J, Kajimura S, Frontini A, Ishibashi J, Cohen P, Cinti S, Spiegelman BM (2011) Prdm16 determines the thermogenic program of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in mice. J Clin Invest 121(1):96\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI44271","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.06.001","volume":"6","author":"P Seale","year":"2007","unstructured":"Seale P, Kajimura S, Yang W, Chin S, Rohas LM, Uldry M, Tavernier G, Langin D, Spiegelman BM (2007) Transcriptional control of brown fat determination by PRDM16. Cell Metab 6(1):38\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.06.001","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"7478","key":"15_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12652","volume":"504","author":"H Ohno","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ohno H, Shinoda K, Ohyama K, Sharp LZ, Kajimura S (2013) EHMT1 controls brown adipose cell fate and thermogenesis through the PRDM16 complex. Nature 504(7478):163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature12652","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.03.007","volume":"19","author":"MJ Harms","year":"2014","unstructured":"Harms MJ, Ishibashi J, Wang W, Lim H-W, Goyama S, Sato T, Kurokawa M, Won K-J, Seale P (2014) Prdm16 is required for the maintenance of brown adipocyte identity and function in adult mice. Cell Metab 19(4):593\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.03.007","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"15_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.06529-11","volume":"32","author":"J Ishibashi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ishibashi J, Firtina Z, Rajakumari S, Wood KH, Conroe HM, Steger DJ, Seale P (2012) An Evi1-C\/EBP\u03b2 complex controls peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b32 gene expression to initiate white fat cell differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 32(12):2289\u20132299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MCB.06529-11","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.01.015","volume":"17","author":"S Rajakumari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rajakumari S, Wu J, Ishibashi J, Lim H-W, Giang A-H, Won K-J, Reed RR, Seale P (2013) EBF2 determines and maintains brown adipocyte identity. Cell Metab 17(4):562\u2013574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.01.015","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"40","key":"15_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14466","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1412685111","volume":"111","author":"W Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang W, Kissig M, Rajakumari S, Huang L, Lim H-w, Won K-J, Seale P (2014) Ebf2 is a selective marker of brown and beige adipogenic precursor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111(40):14466\u201314471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1412685111","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3819","volume":"21","author":"K Shinoda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shinoda K, Luijten IH, Hasegawa Y, Hong H, Sonne SB, Kim M, Xue R, Chondronikola M, Cypess AM, Tseng Y-H (2015) Genetic and functional characterization of clonally derived adult human brown adipocytes. Nat Med 21(4):389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.3819","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"15_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.05.019","volume":"15","author":"A Sambeat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sambeat A, Gulyaeva O, Dempersmier J, Tharp KM, Stahl A, Paul SM, Sul HS (2016) LSD1 interacts with Zfp516 to promote UCP1 transcription and brown fat program. Cell Rep 15(11):2536\u20132549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.05.019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.12.005","volume":"57","author":"J Dempersmier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dempersmier J, Sambeat A, Gulyaeva O, Paul SM, Hudak CS, Raposo HF, Kwan H-Y, Kang C, Wong RH, Sul HS (2015) Cold-inducible Zfp516 activates UCP1 transcription to promote browning of white fat and development of brown fat. Mol Cell 57(2):235\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.12.005","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"15_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ricquier D (2013) Brown adipose tissue: function and development. In: Physiology and physiopathology of adipose tissue. Springer, pp 51\u201366","DOI":"10.1007\/978-2-8178-0343-2_5"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1984.64.1.1","volume":"64","author":"DG Nicholls","year":"1984","unstructured":"Nicholls DG, Locke RM (1984) Thermogenic mechanisms in brown fat. Physiol Rev 64(1):1\u201364","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"15_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nicholls DG (2006) The physiological regulation of uncoupling proteins. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)\u2014Bioenergetics 1757(5\u20136):459\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbabio.2006.02.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2006.02.005"},{"key":"15_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roh HC, Tsai LT, Shao M, Tenen D, Shen Y, Kumari M, Lyubetskaya A, Jacobs C, Dawes B, Gupta RK (2018) Warming induces significant reprogramming of beige, but not brown, adipocyte cellular identity. Cell Metab 27(5):1121\u20131137. e1125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.005"},{"key":"15_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sluse FE, Jarmuszkiewicz W, Navet R, Douette P, Mathy G, Sluse-Goffart CM (2006) Mitochondrial UCPs: new insights into regulation and impact. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)\u2014Bioenergetics 1757(5\u20136):480\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbabio.2006.02.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2006.02.004"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.09.010","volume":"151","author":"A Fedorenko","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fedorenko A, Lishko PV, Kirichok Y (2012) Mechanism of fatty-acid-dependent UCP1 uncoupling in brown fat mitochondria. Cell 151(2):400\u2013413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2012.09.010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"15_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.04.002","volume":"3","author":"M Uldry","year":"2006","unstructured":"Uldry M, Yang W, St-Pierre J, Lin J, Seale P, Spiegelman BM (2006) Complementary action of the PGC-1 coactivators in mitochondrial biogenesis and brown fat differentiation. Cell Metab 3(5):333\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.04.002","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.09.013","volume":"119","author":"J Lin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lin J, Wu P-H, Tarr PT, Lindenberg KS, St-Pierre J, Zhang C-y, Mootha VK, J\u00e4ger S, Vianna CR, Reznick RM (2004) Defects in adaptive energy metabolism with CNS-linked hyperactivity in PGC-1\u03b1 null mice. Cell 119(1):121\u2013135","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.04.049","volume":"158","author":"X Kong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kong X, Banks A, Liu T, Kazak L, Rao RR, Cohen P, Wang X, Yu S, Lo JC, Tseng Y-H (2014) IRF4 is a key thermogenic transcriptional partner of PGC-1\u03b1. Cell 158(1):69\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2014.04.049","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"22","key":"15_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6785","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00504-08","volume":"28","author":"M Hallberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hallberg M, Morganstein DL, Kiskinis E, Shah K, Kralli A, Dilworth SM, White R, Parker MG, Christian M (2008) A functional interaction between RIP140 and PGC-1\u03b1 regulates the expression of the lipid droplet protein CIDEA. Mol Cell Biol 28(22):6785\u20136795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MCB.00504-08","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"15_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01479-07","volume":"28","author":"H Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang H, Zhang Y, Yehuda-Shnaidman E, Medvedev AV, Kumar N, Daniel KW, Robidoux J, Czech MP, Mangelsdorf DJ, Collins S (2008) Liver X receptor \u03b1 is a transcriptional repressor of the uncoupling protein 1 gene and the brown fat phenotype. Mol Cell Biol 28(7):2187\u20132200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MCB.01479-07","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"15_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)01169-8","volume":"111","author":"F Picard","year":"2002","unstructured":"Picard F, G\u00e9hin M, Annicotte J-S, Rocchi S, Champy M-F, O\u2019Malley BW, Chambon P, Auwerx J (2002) SRC-1 and TIF2 control energy balance between white and brown adipose tissues. Cell 111(7):931\u2013941","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.01.051","volume":"137","author":"D Pan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pan D, Fujimoto M, Lopes A, Wang Y-X (2009) Twist-1 is a PPAR\u03b4-inducible, negative-feedback regulator of PGC-1\u03b1 in brown fat metabolism. Cell 137(1):73\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2009.01.051","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"15_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shin H, Ma Y, Chanturiya T, Cao Q, Wang Y, Kadegowda AK, Jackson R, Rumore D, Xue B, Shi H (2017) Lipolysis in brown adipocytes is not essential for cold-induced thermogenesis in mice. Cell Metab 26(5):764\u2013777.e765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.09.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.09.002"},{"key":"15_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schreiber R, Diwoky C, Schoiswohl G, Feiler U, Wongsiriroj N, Abdellatif M, Kolb D, Hoeks J, Kershaw EE, Sedej S (2017) Cold-induced thermogenesis depends on ATGL-mediated lipolysis in cardiac muscle, but not brown adipose tissue. Cell Metab 26(5):753\u2013763. e757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.09.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.09.004"},{"key":"15_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Tang Y, Jespersen NZ, Wallace M, Calejman CM, Gujja S, Li H, Edwards YJ, Wolfrum C, Metallo CM (2018) Brown fat AKT2 is a cold-induced kinase that stimulates ChREBP-mediated de novo lipogenesis to optimize fuel storage and thermogenesis. Cell Metab 27(1):195\u2013209. e196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.10.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.10.008"},{"key":"15_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Simcox J, Geoghegan G, Maschek JA, Bensard CL, Pasquali M, Miao R, Lee S, Jiang L, Huck I, Kershaw EE (2017) Global analysis of plasma lipids identifies liver-derived acylcarnitines as a fuel source for brown fat thermogenesis. Cell Metab 26(3):509\u2013522. e506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.08.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.08.006"},{"issue":"6","key":"15_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.05.014","volume":"21","author":"F Pietrocola","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pietrocola F, Galluzzi L, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Madeo F, Kroemer G (2015) Acetyl coenzyme A: a central metabolite and second messenger. Cell Metab 21(6):805\u2013821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.05.014","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"15_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3404","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI67803","volume":"123","author":"T Yoneshiro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yoneshiro T, Aita S, Matsushita M, Kayahara T, Kameya T, Kawai Y, Iwanaga T, Saito M (2013) Recruited brown adipose tissue as an antiobesity agent in humans. J Clin Invest 123(8):3404\u20133408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI67803","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"15_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3395","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI68993","volume":"123","author":"AA van der Lans","year":"2013","unstructured":"van der Lans AA, Hoeks J, Brans B, Vijgen GH, Visser MG, Vosselman MJ, Hansen J, J\u00f6rgensen JA, Wu J, Mottaghy FM (2013) Cold acclimation recruits human brown fat and increases nonshivering thermogenesis. J Clin Investig 123(8):3395\u20133403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI68993","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"15_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee P, Smith S, Linderman J, Courville AB, Brychta RJ, Dieckmann W, Werner CD, Chen KY, Celi FS (2014) Temperature-acclimated brown adipose tissue modulates insulin sensitivity in humans. Diabetes:DB_140513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db14-0513","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0513"},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.01.019","volume":"15","author":"H Ohno","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ohno H, Shinoda K, Spiegelman BM, Kajimura S (2012) PPAR\u03b3 agonists induce a white-to-brown fat conversion through stabilization of PRDM16 protein. Cell Metab 15(3):395\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.01.019","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"15_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3324","volume":"19","author":"QA Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang QA, Tao C, Gupta RK, Scherer PE (2013) Tracking adipogenesis during white adipose tissue development, expansion and regeneration. Nat Med 19(10):1338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.3324","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"15_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E977","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00183.2009","volume":"297","author":"S Cinti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cinti S (2009) Transdifferentiation properties of adipocytes in the adipose organ. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab 297(5):E977\u2013E986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00183.2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"15_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1244","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00600.2009","volume":"298","author":"G Barbatelli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barbatelli G, Murano I, Madsen L, Hao Q, Jimenez M, Kristiansen K, Giacobino JP, De Matteis R, Cinti S (2010) The emergence of cold-induced brown adipocytes in mouse white fat depots is determined predominantly by white to brown adipocyte transdifferentiation. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab 298(6):E1244\u2013E1253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00600.2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"15_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10184","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10184","volume":"7","author":"DC Berry","year":"2016","unstructured":"Berry DC, Jiang Y, Graff JM (2016) Mouse strains to study cold-inducible beige progenitors and beige adipocyte formation and function. Nat Commun 7:10184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms10184","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"15_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Berry DC, Graff JM (2017) Distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms for \u03b23 adrenergic receptor-induced beige adipocyte formation. eLife 6:e30329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.30329","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.30329"},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2018.01.001","volume":"29","author":"K Ikeda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ikeda K, Maretich P, Kajimura S (2018) The common and distinct features of brown and beige adipocytes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 29(3):191\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2018.01.001","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"15_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh AM, Dalton S (2018) What can \u2018Brown-ing\u2019 do for you? Trends Endocrinol Metab 29(5):349\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2018.03.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2018.03.002"},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.08.002","volume":"24","author":"S Altshuler-Keylin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Altshuler-Keylin S, Shinoda K, Hasegawa Y, Ikeda K, Hong HM, Kang QQ, Yang YY, Perera RM, Debnath J, Kajimura S (2016) Beige adipocyte maintenance is regulated by autophagy-induced mitochondrial clearance. Cell Metab 24(3):402\u2013419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.08.002","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"15_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2015.03.015","volume":"409","author":"J Kosacka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kosacka J, Kern M, Kl\u00f6ting N, Paeschke S, Rudich A, Haim Y, Gericke M, Serke H, Stumvoll M, Bechmann I (2015) Autophagy in adipose tissue of patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 409:21\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2015.03.015","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"42","key":"15_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31894","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M606114200","volume":"281","author":"J Ukropec","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ukropec J, Anunciado RP, Ravussin Y, Hulver MW, Kozak LP (2006) UCP1-independent thermogenesis in white adipose tissue of cold-acclimated Ucp1-\/-mice. J Biol Chem 281(42):31894\u201331908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M606114200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"15_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1230","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00197.2003","volume":"285","author":"J Granneman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Granneman J, Burnazi M, Zhu Z, Schwamb L (2003) White adipose tissue contributes to UCP1-independent thermogenesis. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab 285(6):E1230\u2013E1236","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"15_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4429","volume":"23","author":"K Ikeda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ikeda K, Kang Q, Yoneshiro T, Camporez JP, Maki H, Homma M, Shinoda K, Chen Y, Lu X, Maretich P (2017) UCP1-independent signaling involving SERCA2b-mediated calcium cycling regulates beige fat thermogenesis and systemic glucose homeostasis. Nat Med 23(12):1454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.4429","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"15_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engin AB (2017) MicroRNA and adipogenesis. In: Obesity and lipotoxicity. Springer, pp 489\u2013509","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-48382-5_21"},{"key":"15_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00205","volume":"8","author":"F Shamsi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shamsi F, Zhang H, Tseng Y-H (2017) MicroRNA regulation of brown adipogenesis and thermogenic energy expenditure. Front Endocrinol 8:205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2017.00205","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Tissue-Specific Cell Signaling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-44436-5_15","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T11:14:14Z","timestamp":1701429254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-44436-5_15"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"ISBN":["9783030444358","9783030444365"],"references-count":157,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-44436-5_15","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 May 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"None to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}