{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T07:50:39Z","timestamp":1743061839598,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783030525873"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783030525880"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centre for Social Sciences"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017159","name":"ISCTE \u2013 Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017159","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007797","name":"Helsingin Yliopisto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007797","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Universitatea de Vest din Timi\u0219oara"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The schooling process has become more widespread among the Portuguese Roma population since 1974, with the end of the Estado Novo dictatorship and the establishment of democracy. Nevertheless, the Roma nomadism or semi-nomadism, financial shortcomings and the absence of social\/cultural\/family stimuli are some of the reasons that explain their low school attendance rates. Only in the last decades has such attendance increased, as a result of the implementation of several public policies, particularly of the Social Integration Income. This social policy, implemented in 1996, introduced important changes in this population, especially in areas such as schooling, personal hygiene, housing, health, or sedentism.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Recent research has shown an increase in the educational level of the Roma population, but school dropouts and failure remain high. This tendency was also studied in the northeast of Portugal, in a PhD thesis about the relationships between the Roma and school. In the present research work, a qualitative methodology was adopted, using direct and participant observation, as well as interviews to some Roma parents and non-Roma teachers. Both groups emphasize the main difficulties of Roma children at school.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The conclusions show that several factors affect these students\u2019 schooling nowadays, especially poor housing conditions, parents\u2019 illiteracy or low schooling, lack of daily study monitoring at home, absence of models in their environment, non-attendance of pre-school, and discrimination against them.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-52588-0_10","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T22:21:05Z","timestamp":1612909265000},"page":"153-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Roma at School: A Look at the Past and the Present. The Case of Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Lurdes","family":"Nicolau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"10_CR1","volume-title":"Que Sorte, Ciganos na nossa Escola!","author":"AAVV","year":"2001","unstructured":"AAVV. (2001). Que Sorte, Ciganos na nossa Escola! Lisboa: Centre de Recherches Tsiganes\/Secretariado Entreculturas."},{"key":"10_CR2","unstructured":"Alves, F. (1982). Mem\u00f3rias Arqueol\u00f3gico-Hist\u00f3ricas do Distrito de Bragan\u00e7a ou Repositorio amplo de noticias chorographicas, hydro-orographicas, geologicas, mineralogicas, hydrologicas, bio-bibliographicas, hiraldicas, etymologicas, industriaes e estatisticas interessantes tanto \u00e1 historia profana como ecclesiastica do districto de Bragan\u00e7a. Bragan\u00e7a: Tipografia Acad\u00e9mica."},{"key":"10_CR3","volume-title":"Sintrenses Ciganos\u2014Uma abordagem estrutural-din\u00e2mica","author":"JG Bastos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bastos, J. G. (2007). Sintrenses Ciganos\u2014Uma abordagem estrutural-din\u00e2mica. Sintra: C\u00e2mara Municipal de Sintra\/Divis\u00e3o de Sa\u00fade e Ac\u00e7\u00e3o Social."},{"volume-title":"Portugueses Ciganos e Ciganofobia em Portugal","year":"2012","key":"10_CR4","unstructured":"Bastos, J. G. (Ed.). (2012). Portugueses Ciganos e Ciganofobia em Portugal. Lisboa: Edi\u00e7\u00f5es Colibri\/CEMME."},{"key":"10_CR5","volume-title":"Portugal multicultural","author":"JG Bastos","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bastos, J. G., & Bastos, S. (1999). Portugal multicultural. Lisboa: Fim de S\u00e9culo Edi\u00e7\u00f5es."},{"key":"10_CR6","unstructured":"C\u00e2mara Municipal de Bragan\u00e7a (coord.). (2006). Carta Educativa do Concelho de Bragan\u00e7a. Bragan\u00e7a."},{"key":"10_CR7","unstructured":"Carneiro, M. d. R. A. d. C. (coord.). (1997). Crian\u00e7as de Risco. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Ci\u00eancias Sociais e Pol\u00edticas."},{"key":"10_CR8","volume-title":"Etnicidade, G\u00e9nero e Escolaridade-Estudo em torno das socializa\u00e7\u00f5es familiares de g\u00e9nero uma comunidade cigana da cidade do Porto","author":"MJ Casa-Nova","year":"2002","unstructured":"Casa-Nova, M. J. (2002). Etnicidade, G\u00e9nero e Escolaridade-Estudo em torno das socializa\u00e7\u00f5es familiares de g\u00e9nero uma comunidade cigana da cidade do Porto. Lisboa: Instituto de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Educacional."},{"key":"10_CR9","volume-title":"Etnografia e Produ\u00e7\u00e3o de Conhecimento: Reflex\u00f5es Cr\u00edticas a partir de uma Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o com Ciganos Portugueses","author":"MJ Casa-Nova","year":"2009","unstructured":"Casa-Nova, M. J. (2009). Etnografia e Produ\u00e7\u00e3o de Conhecimento: Reflex\u00f5es Cr\u00edticas a partir de uma Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o com Ciganos Portugueses. Lisboa: Alto Comissariado para a Imigra\u00e7\u00e3o e Di\u00e1logo Intercultural."},{"key":"10_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coelho, A. [1892] (1995). Os ciganos de Portugal. Com um Estudo sobre o Cal\u00e3o. Lisboa: Publica\u00e7\u00f5es D. Quixote.","DOI":"10.4000\/books.etnograficapress.3799"},{"key":"10_CR11","unstructured":"Correia, A. C. (2012). \u201cA gente n\u00e3o tem casa, \u00e9 um dia aqui um dia al\u00e9m, somos ambulantes pronto!\u201d. A produ\u00e7\u00e3o social do \u201cnomadismo\u201d cigano. In J. G. Bastos (Ed.) Portugueses Ciganos e Ciganofobia em Portugal (pp. 239\u2013266). Lisboa: Edi\u00e7\u00f5es Colibri\/CEMME."},{"key":"10_CR12","unstructured":"Costa, E. L. (2001). O Povo Cigano-mem\u00f3ria hist\u00f3rica, presente e futuro. In AAVV. Que Sorte, Ciganos na nossa Escola! (pp. 15\u201331). Lisboa: Centre de Recherches Tsiganes\/Secretariado Entreculturas."},{"key":"10_CR13","volume-title":"Exclus\u00e3o Social: Factores e tipos de Pobreza em Portugal","author":"JF de Almeida","year":"1994","unstructured":"de Almeida, J. F., et al. (1994). Exclus\u00e3o Social: Factores e tipos de Pobreza em Portugal. Oeiras: Celta Editora."},{"key":"10_CR14","volume-title":"Los Gitanos","author":"A Fraser","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fraser, A. (2005). Los Gitanos. Barcelona: Editorial Ariel."},{"key":"10_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4000\/configuracoes.3652","volume":"18","author":"DS Lopes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lopes, D. S., & Costa, A. R. (2016). Os ciganos de Lisboa e a escolariza\u00e7\u00e3o: evolu\u00e7\u00f5es, impasses, dilemas (2003-2015). Configura\u00e7\u00f5es, 18, 67\u201386.","journal-title":"Configura\u00e7\u00f5es"},{"key":"10_CR16","first-page":"53","volume":"4","author":"PF Machado","year":"1994","unstructured":"Machado, P. F. (1994). A presen\u00e7a cigana em Portugal: um caso de exclus\u00e3o secular. Mediterr\u00e2neo, 4, 53\u201368.","journal-title":"Mediterr\u00e2neo"},{"key":"10_CR17","unstructured":"Magano, O. (2012). Sentimentos de discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o e racismo de ciganos portugueses In M. C. Silva & J. M. Sobral (Eds.), Etnicidade, Nacionalismo e Racismo. Migra\u00e7\u00f5es, minorias \u00e9tnicas e contextos escolares (pp. 235\u2013253). Porto: Edu\u00e7\u00f5es Afrontamento."},{"key":"10_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4000\/configuracoes.3546","volume":"18","author":"O Magano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Magano, O., & Mendes, M. M. (2016). Constrangimentos e oportunidades para a continuidade e sucesso educativo das pessoas Ciganas em Portugal. Configura\u00e7\u00f5es, 18, 8\u201326.","journal-title":"Configura\u00e7\u00f5es"},{"key":"10_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4000\/configuracoes.3514","volume":"18","author":"O Magano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Magano, O., Mendes, M. M., & Gomes, S. (2016). Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o\u2014Ciganos e Educa\u00e7\u00e3o. Configura\u00e7\u00f5es, 18, 5\u20137.","journal-title":"Configura\u00e7\u00f5es"},{"key":"10_CR20","unstructured":"Mendes, M. M. (2012). Ciganos e escola. Contextos e eventos percepcionados como discriminat\u00f3rios. In M. C. Silva & J. M. Sobral (Eds.), Etnicidade, Nacionalismo e Racismo. Migra\u00e7\u00f5es, minorias \u00e9tnicas e contextos escolares (pp. 301\u2013313). Porto: Edu\u00e7\u00f5es Afrontamento."},{"key":"10_CR21","volume-title":"Estudo Nacional sobre as comunidades ciganas","author":"MM Mendes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mendes, M. M., Magano, O., & Candeias, P. (2014). Estudo Nacional sobre as comunidades ciganas. Lisboa: Ed. ACM, IP."},{"key":"10_CR22","unstructured":"Nicolau, L. (2010). Ciganos e n\u00e3o Ciganos em Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes: Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de um Impasse inter-\u00e9tnico. Chaves: UTAD (tese de doutoramento em Ci\u00eancias Sociais)."},{"key":"10_CR23","volume-title":"O Povo Cigano","author":"O Nunes","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nunes, O. (1996). O Povo Cigano. Lisboa: Ed autor\/Obra Nacional da Pastoral dos Ciganos."}],"container-title":["Social and Economic Vulnerability of Roma People"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-52588-0_10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T19:00:10Z","timestamp":1677610810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-52588-0_10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"ISBN":["9783030525873","9783030525880"],"references-count":23,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-52588-0_10","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 February 2021","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}