{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T02:13:49Z","timestamp":1743128029019,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783030696900"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783030696917"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":54,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017086","name":"LYRASIS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the number of places available in Portuguese public higher education institutions is higher than the number of candidates, some applicants are still left out. Moreover, for those who get a place, inequalities are evident in the admission to the most selective institutions and programmes. This chapter aims to (i) identify and characterise the group of unsuccessful applicants; (ii) analyse the probability of a student being placed in his\/her preferred programme; and (iii) examine socioeconomic\u00a0inequalities in the acces to the most selective programmes. Findings reveal that female candidates, those with the lowest grade point average and those who live in the biggest cities, Porto and Lisbon, are most likely to be among the unsuccessful applicants, which suggests inequalities in access to higher education. Inequalities are also embedded within higher education, as access to universities and more selective study programmes seems to be easier for students whose parents hold higher education qualifications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-69691-7_8","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T18:03:44Z","timestamp":1645725824000},"page":"171-193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Who Is Left Out? Inequalities in Higher Education Admissions and Placements in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Carla","family":"S\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Orlanda","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Sin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.100.2.235","volume":"100","author":"NL Aikens","year":"2008","unstructured":"Aikens, N. L., & Barbarin, O. (2008). Socioeconomic Differences in Reading Trajectories: The Contribution of Family, Neighbourhood, and School Contexts. Journal of Educational Psychology, 100(2), 235.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"8_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almeida, A., Figueiredo, H., Cerejeira, J., Portela, M., S\u00e1, C., & Teixeira, P. (2017). Returns to Postgraduate Education in Portugal: Holding on to a Higher Ground? IZA Discussion Paper No. 10676. Retrieved October 28, 2020, from https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2949112","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2949112"},{"issue":"4","key":"8_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2006.09.002","volume":"32","author":"JP Brynes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brynes, J. P., & Miller, D. C. (2007). The Relative Importance of Predictors of Math and Science Achievement: An Opportunity-Propensity Analysis. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 32(4), 599\u2013629.","journal-title":"Contemporary Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1080\/02680939.2012.694481","volume":"28","author":"J Chesters","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chesters, J., & Watson, L. (2013). Understanding the Persistence of Inequality in Higher Education: Evidence from Australia. Journal of Education Policy, 28(2), 198\u2013215.","journal-title":"Journal of Education Policy"},{"key":"8_CR5","unstructured":"CNE. (2019). O Estado da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o 2018. Retrieved October 28, 2020, from https:\/\/www.cnedu.pt\/content\/edicoes\/estado_da_educacao\/Estado_da_Educacao2018_web_26nov2019.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.19.2.294","volume":"19","author":"PE Davis-Kean","year":"2005","unstructured":"Davis-Kean, P. E. (2005). The Influence of Parent Education and Family Income on Child Achievement: The Indirect Role of Parental Expectations and the Home Environment. Journal of Family Psychology, 19(2), 294.","journal-title":"Journal of Family Psychology"},{"key":"8_CR7","unstructured":"DGEEC. (2016). Transi\u00e7\u00e3o entre o secund\u00e1rio e o superior \u2013 parte I. Retrieved October 28, 2020, from http:\/\/www.dgeec.mec.pt\/np4\/347\/%7B$clientServletPath%7D\/?newsId=701&fileName=TransicaoSecundarioSuperior_DGEEC.pdf"},{"key":"8_CR8","unstructured":"DGES. (2018). Estat\u00edsticas do Concurso Nacional de Acesso de 2017: Resumo da coloca\u00e7\u00e3o. Retrieved October 28, 2020, from http:\/\/www.dges.mctes.pt\/guias\/pdfs\/statcol\/2017\/Resumo17.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"8_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/00131880701717198","volume":"49","author":"O Espinoza","year":"2007","unstructured":"Espinoza, O. (2007). Solving the Equity\u2013Equality Conceptual Dilemma: A New Model for Analysis of the Educational Process. Educational Research, 49(4), 343\u2013363.","journal-title":"Educational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00751229","volume":"19","author":"P Gerdes","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gerdes, P. (1988). On Culture, Geometrical Thinking and Mathematics Education. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 19(2), 137\u2013162.","journal-title":"Educational Studies in Mathematics"},{"key":"8_CR11","volume-title":"Origins and Destinations","author":"AH Halsey","year":"1980","unstructured":"Halsey, A. H., Heath, A., & Ridge, J. M. (1980). Origins and Destinations. Clarendon Press."},{"key":"8_CR13","unstructured":"Kitchen, R. (2015). Equity from an Assets-Based Perspective. James C. Kennedy Institute for Educational Success. Position Paper 3. Retrieved October 27, 2020, from https:\/\/www.du.edu\/kennedyinstitute\/media\/documents\/kennedy_institute_policy_paper_3.pdf"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2307\/1602213","volume":"26","author":"J Larkin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Larkin, J., & Statton, P. (2001). Access, Inclusion, Climate, Empowerment (AICE): A Framework for Gender Equity in Market-Driven Education. Canadian Journal of Education, 26(3), 361\u2013378.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/00213624.2020.1720574","volume":"54","author":"D Louren\u00e7o","year":"2020","unstructured":"Louren\u00e7o, D., S\u00e1, C., Tavares, O., & Cardoso, S. (2020). Enrolling in Higher Education: The Impact of Regional Mobility and Public-Private Substitution Effects. Journal of Economic Issues, 54(1), 183\u2013197.","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Issues"},{"issue":"6","key":"8_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1086\/321300","volume":"106","author":"SR Lucas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lucas, S. R. (2001). Effectively Maintained Inequality: Education Transitions, Track Mobility, and Social Background Effects. American Journal of Sociology, 106(6), 1642\u20131690.","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"issue":"4","key":"8_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1080\/0142569980190401","volume":"19","author":"K Lynch","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lynch, K., & O\u2019riordan, C. (1998). Inequality in Higher Education: A Study of Class Barriers. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 19(4), 445\u2013478.","journal-title":"British Journal of Sociology of Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/13583880802700040","volume":"15","author":"A Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2009","unstructured":"Magalh\u00e3es, A., Amaral, A., & Tavares, O. (2009). Equity, Access and Institutional Competition. Tertiary Education and Management, 15(1), 35\u201348.","journal-title":"Tertiary Education and Management"},{"key":"8_CR19","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Managing Higher Education Diversity in a Climate of Public Sector Reform","author":"S Marginson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Marginson, S. (1998). Competition and Diversity in the Reformed Australian Higher Education System. In L. V. Meek & F. Q. Wood (Eds.), Managing Higher Education Diversity in a Climate of Public Sector Reform (pp. 81\u201396). Department of Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs."},{"key":"8_CR20","unstructured":"PISA. (2015). Results in Focus. Retrieved October 27, 2020, from http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/pisa\/pisa-2015-results-in-focus.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2307\/2112784","volume":"66","author":"AE Raftery","year":"1993","unstructured":"Raftery, A. E., & Hout, M. (1993). Maximally Maintained Inequality: Expansion, Reform, and Opportunity in Irish Education, 1921\u201375. Sociology of Education, 66(1), 41\u201362.","journal-title":"Sociology of Education"},{"key":"8_CR22","volume-title":"A Theory of Justice","author":"J Rawls","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rawls, J. (2009). A Theory of Justice. Harvard University Press."},{"issue":"12","key":"8_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2017.1313219","volume":"43","author":"C S\u00e1","year":"2018","unstructured":"S\u00e1, C., & Tavares, O. (2018). How Student Choice Consistency Affects the Success of Applications in Portuguese Higher Education. Studies in Higher Education, 43(12), 2148\u20132160.","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543075003417","volume":"75","author":"SR Sirin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sirin, S. R. (2005). Socioeconomic Status and Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analytic Review of Research. Review of Educational Research, 75(3), 417\u2013453.","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3435.2007.00331.x","volume":"43","author":"D Tavares","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tavares, D., Tavares, O., Amaral, A., & Justino, E. (2008). Students\u2019 Preferences and Needs in Portuguese Higher Education. European Journal of Education, 43(1), 107\u2013122.","journal-title":"European Journal of Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/00131881.2013.767028","volume":"55","author":"O Tavares","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tavares, O. (2013). Routes Towards Portuguese Higher Education: Students\u2019 Preferred or Feasible Choices? Educational Research, 55(1), 99\u2013110.","journal-title":"Educational Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-012-9605-5","volume":"66","author":"O Tavares","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tavares, O., & Cardoso, S. (2013). Enrolment Choices in Portuguese Higher Education: Do Students Behave as Rational Consumers? Higher Education, 66(3), 297\u2013309.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.2307\/3211250","volume":"72","author":"L Tsui","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tsui, L. (2003). Reproducing Social Inequalities through Higher Education: Critical Thinking as Valued Capital. The Journal of Negro Education, 72(3), 318\u2013332.","journal-title":"The Journal of Negro Education"}],"container-title":["Equity Policies in Global Higher Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-69691-7_8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T07:19:45Z","timestamp":1688714385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-69691-7_8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"ISBN":["9783030696900","9783030696917"],"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-69691-7_8","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 February 2022","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}