{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T23:23:46Z","timestamp":1771025026494,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":104,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030746476","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030746483","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,6]],"date-time":"2021-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,6]],"date-time":"2021-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-74648-3_1","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T10:02:48Z","timestamp":1636106568000},"page":"3-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Drive Towards 6G"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Firooz B.","family":"Saghezchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zoran","family":"Vujicic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kazi Mohammed Saidul","family":"Huq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Gil-Casti\u00f1eira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1_CR1","unstructured":"ITU. (2020). ITU completes evaluation for global affirmation of IMT-2020 technologies. Press Release. https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/mediacentre\/Pages\/pr26-2020-evaluation-global-affirmation-imt-2020-5g.aspx. Accessed 15 Dec 2020."},{"key":"1_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saghezchi, F. B. et al. (2015, May 8). Drivers for 5G. Fundamentals of 5G Mobile Networks, 1\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118867464.ch1.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118867464.ch1"},{"issue":"2","key":"1_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2017.09.010","volume":"4","author":"KM Morgado","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morgado, K. M., Huq, S., Mumtaz, S., & Rodriguez, J. (2018). A survey of 5G technologies: regulatory, standardization and industrial perspectives. Digital Communications and Networks, 4(2), 87\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcan.2017.09.010","journal-title":"Digital Communications and Networks"},{"key":"1_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7047","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2015.7249450","volume-title":"Efficient privacy preserving security protocol for VANETs with sparse infrastructure deployment","author":"V Sucasas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sucasas, V., et al. (2015). Efficient privacy preserving security protocol for VANETs with sparse infrastructure deployment (pp. 7047\u20137052). 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICC.2015.7249450"},{"key":"1_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCC.2015.7405446","volume-title":"Game-theoretic based scheduling for demand-side management in 5G smart grids","author":"FB Saghezchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saghezchi, F. B., Saghezchi, F. B., Nascimento, A., & Rodriguez, J. (2015). Game-theoretic based scheduling for demand-side management in 5G smart grids (pp. 8\u201312). 2015 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communication (ISCC). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISCC.2015.7405446"},{"key":"1_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-05195-2_15","volume-title":"Broadband Communications, Networks, and Systems (BROADNETS 2018), Lecture notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering","author":"FB Saghezchi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saghezchi, F. B., et al. (2019). Machine learning to automate network segregation for enhanced security in industry 4.0. In V. Sucasas, G. Mantas, & S. Althunibat (Eds.), Broadband Communications, Networks, and Systems (BROADNETS 2018), Lecture notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering (Vol. 263, pp. 149\u2013158). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-05195-2_15"},{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2013.2295069","volume":"9","author":"GP Fettweis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fettweis, G. P. (2014). The tactile internet: Applications and challenges. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, 9(1), 64\u201370.","journal-title":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine"},{"key":"1_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57063","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2981745","volume":"8","author":"H Viswanathan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Viswanathan, H., & Mogensen, P. E. (2020). Communications in the 6G era. IEEE Access, 8, 57063\u201357074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2981745","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"9","key":"1_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.2020.09.008","volume":"17","author":"G Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, G., et al. (2020). Vision, requirements and network architecture of 6G mobile network beyond 2030. China Communications, 17(9), 92\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/JCC.2020.09.008","journal-title":"China Communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"1_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900287","volume":"34","author":"W Saad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saad, W., Bennis, M., & Chen, M. (2020). A vision of 6G wireless systems: Applications, trends, technologies, and open research problems. IEEE Network, 34(3), 134\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MNET.001.1900287","journal-title":"IEEE Network"},{"issue":"4","key":"1_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1504\/IJWGS.2018.095647","volume":"14","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., & Wang, H. (2018). Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International Journal of Web and Grid Services, 14(4), 352\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJWGS.2018.095647","journal-title":"International Journal of Web and Grid Services"},{"key":"1_CR12","unstructured":"Samsung Research. (2020). 6G the next hyper-connected experience for all (White Paper). Accessed 24 Jan 2021 [Online]. Available: https:\/\/research.samsung.com\/next-generation-communications"},{"key":"1_CR13","unstructured":"Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI | Shaping Europe\u2019s digital future. The EC\u2019s High-Level Expert Group on AI (2019). https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/digital-single-market\/en\/news\/ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai. Accessed 25 Jan 2021."},{"key":"1_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Busari, S. A., Saghezchi, F. B., Mumtaz, S., & Rodriguez, J. (2020, September). Multi-objective hybrid scheduler enabling efficient resource management for 5G UDN. In IEEE International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks, CAMAD, Vol. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CAMAD50429.2020.9209298.","DOI":"10.1109\/CAMAD50429.2020.9209298"},{"key":"1_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2019.106984","volume":"167","author":"A Barakabitze","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barakabitze, A., Ahmad, R., Mijumbi, A., & Hines, A. (2020). 5G network slicing using SDN and NFV: A survey of taxonomy, architectures and future challenges. Computer Networks, 167, 106984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comnet.2019.106984","journal-title":"Computer Networks"},{"issue":"5","key":"1_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600935","volume":"55","author":"J Ordonez-Lucena","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ordonez-Lucena, J., Ameigeiras, P., Lopez, D., Ramos-Munoz, J. J., Lorca, J., & Folgueira, J. (2017). Network slicing for 5G with SDN\/NFV: Concepts, architectures, and challenges. IEEE Communications Magazine, 55(5), 80\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600935","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"issue":"5","key":"1_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2013.6664478","volume":"20","author":"FB Saghezchi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saghezchi, F. B., Radwan, A., Rodriguez, J., & Dagiuklas, T. (2013). Coalition formation game toward green mobile terminals in heterogeneous wireless networks. IEEE Wireless Communications, 20(5), 85\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MWC.2013.6664478","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications"},{"key":"1_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saghezchi, F. B., Radwan, A., & Rodriguez, J. (2017). Energy-aware relay selection in cooperative wireless networks: An assignment game approach. Ad Hoc Networks, 56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adhoc.2016.12.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2016.12.001"},{"key":"1_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alam, M., Yang, D., Huq, K., Saghezchi, F., Mumtaz, S., & Rodriguez, J. (2016). Towards 5G: Context aware resource allocation for energy saving. Journal of Signal Processing Systems, 83(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11265-015-1061-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s11265-015-1061-x"},{"key":"1_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2014.6883369","volume-title":"Coalitional relay selection game to extend battery lifetime of multi-standard mobile terminals","author":"FB Saghezchi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saghezchi, F. B., Radwan, A., Rodriguez, J., & Taha, A.-E. M. (2014). Coalitional relay selection game to extend battery lifetime of multi-standard mobile terminals. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICC.2014.6883369"},{"issue":"2","key":"1_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2787460","volume":"20","author":"SA Busari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Busari, S. A., Huq, K. M. S., Mumtaz, S., Dai, L., & Rodriguez, J. (2018). Millimeter-wave massive MIMO communication for future wireless systems: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 20(2), 836\u2013869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMST.2017.2787460","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"},{"issue":"7","key":"1_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5617","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2712878","volume":"66","author":"S Mumtaz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mumtaz, S., Jornet, J. M., Aulin, J., Gerstacker, W. H., Dong, X., & Ai, B. (2017). Terahertz communication for vehicular networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 66(7), 5617\u20135625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2017.2712878","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900092","volume":"34","author":"AS Cacciapuoti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cacciapuoti, A. S., Caleffi, M., Tafuri, F., Cataliotti, F. S., Gherardini, S., & Bianchi, G. (2020). Quantum internet: Networking challenges in distributed quantum computing. IEEE Network, 34(1), 137\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MNET.001.1900092","journal-title":"IEEE Network"},{"issue":"3","key":"1_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2007.22","volume":"1","author":"N Gisin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gisin, N., & Thew, R. (2007). Quantum communication. Nature Photonics, 1(3), 165\u2013171.","journal-title":"Nature Photonics"},{"issue":"22","key":"1_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220501","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.118.220501","volume":"118","author":"W Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, W., Ding, D.-S., Sheng, Y.-B., Zhou, L., Shi, B.-S., & Guo, G.-C. (2017). Quantum secure direct communication with quantum memory. Physical Review Letters, 118(22), 220501.","journal-title":"Physical Review Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2879940","volume":"18","author":"M Mozaffari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mozaffari, M., Kasgari, A. T. Z., Saad, W., Bennis, M., & Debbah, M. (2018). Beyond 5G with UAVs: Foundations of a 3D wireless cellular network. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 18(1), 357\u2013372.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2018.2859923","volume":"8","author":"PK Sharma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sharma, P. K., & Kim, D. I. (2018). Coverage probability of 3-D mobile UAV networks. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 8(1), 97\u2013100.","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters"},{"issue":"5","key":"1_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2904564","volume":"18","author":"PK Sharma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharma, P. K., & Kim, D. I. (2019). Random 3D mobile UAV networks: Mobility modeling and coverage probability. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 18(5), 2527\u20132538.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"5","key":"1_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2015.7306534","volume":"22","author":"U Siddique","year":"2015","unstructured":"Siddique, U., Tabassum, H., Hossain, E., & Kim, D. I. (2015). Wireless backhauling of 5G small cells: Challenges and solution approaches. IEEE Wireless Communications, 22(5), 22\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MWC.2015.7306534","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications"},{"key":"1_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdalla, M., Rodriguez, J., Elfergani, I., & Teixeira, A. (2019). Towards a converged optical-wireless Fronthaul\/Backhaul solution for 5G networks and beyond. Optical and wireless convergence for 5G networks, IEEE, pp. 1\u201329.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119491590.ch1"},{"issue":"10","key":"1_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600643","volume":"55","author":"A Tzanakaki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tzanakaki, A., et al. (2017). Wireless-optical network convergence: Enabling the 5G architecture to support operational and end-user services. IEEE Communications Magazine, 55(10), 184\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600643","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"key":"1_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18123","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2925902","volume":"8","author":"BNA Khalif","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khalif, B. N. A., Hasan, J. A. K., Alhumaima, R. S., & Al-Raweshidy, H. S. (2020). Performance analysis of quantum based cloud radio access networks. IEEE Access, 8, 18123\u201318133.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"016001","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6633\/aad5b2","volume":"82","author":"F Flamini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Flamini, F., Spagnolo, N., & Sciarrino, F. (2018). Photonic quantum information processing: A review. Reports on Progress in Physics, 82, 016001.","journal-title":"Reports on Progress in Physics"},{"key":"1_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-018-1318-8","volume":"2019","author":"M Di Renzo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Di Renzo, M., Debbah, M., Phan-Huy, D. T., Zappone, A., Alouini, M. S., Yuen, C., Sciancalepore, C., Alexandropoulos, G. C., Hoydis, J., De Rosny, J., et al. (2019). Smart radio environments empowered by reconfigurable AI meta-surfaces: An idea whose time has come. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2019, 1\u201320.","journal-title":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking"},{"key":"1_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92091","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2927172","volume":"7","author":"C Cai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cai, C., Sun, Y., Niu, J., & Ji, Y. (2019). A quantum access network suitable for internetworking optical network units. IEEE Access, 7, 92091\u201392099.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2016.65","volume":"10","author":"T Nagatsuma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nagatsuma, T., Ducournau, G., & Renaud, C. (2016). Advances in terahertz communications accelerated by photonics. Nature Photon, 10, 371\u2013379.","journal-title":"Nature Photon"},{"key":"1_CR37","unstructured":"Cale, M., & Cacciapuoti, A. S. (2019). Quantum switch for the quantum internet: Noiseless communications through noisy channels. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications arXiv:1907.07432."},{"key":"1_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Welkie, A., Shangguan, L., Gummeson, J., Hu, W., & Jamieson, K. (2017). Programmable radio environments for smart spaces (ACM workshop on hot topics in networks). Palo Alto, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3152434.3152456"},{"key":"1_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartlett, S. D., Rudolph, T., & Spekkens, R. W. (2003). Classical and quantum communication without a shared reference frame. Physical Review Letters, 91(2).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.91.027901"},{"key":"1_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-019-0475-6","volume":"13","author":"S Ummethala","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ummethala, S., Harter, T., Koehnle, K., et al. (2019). THz-to-optical conversion in wireless communications using an ultra-broadband plasmonic modulator. Nature Photonics, 13, 519\u2013524.","journal-title":"Nature Photonics"},{"key":"1_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4960136","volume":"1","author":"X Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu, X., et al. (2016). 160 Gbit\/s photonics wireless transmission in the 300\u2013500 GHz band. APL Photon., 1, 081301.","journal-title":"APL Photon."},{"key":"1_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pang, X. et al. (2016). 260 Gbit\/s photonic\u2013wireless link in the THz band. In Proceedings of 2016 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC), pp. 9\u201310.","DOI":"10.1109\/IPCon.2016.7830951"},{"key":"1_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/IRMMW-THz.2016.7758356","volume-title":"2016 41st international conference on infrared, Millimeter, and terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz), 2016","author":"T Nagatsuma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nagatsuma, T., et al. (2016). 300-GHz-band wireless transmission at 50 Gbit\/s over 100 meters. In  2016 41st international conference on infrared, Millimeter, and terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz), 2016 (pp. 1\u20132) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IRMMW-THz.2016.7758356"},{"key":"1_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12493","volume":"501","author":"B Fr\u00f6hlich","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fr\u00f6hlich, B., Dynes, J. F., Lucamarini, M., Sharpe, Q. W., Yuan, Z., & Shields, A. J. (2013). A quantum access network. Nature, 501, 69\u201372.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fr\u00f6hlich, J., Dynes, F., Lucamarini, M., Sharpe, A. W., Tam, S. W.-B., Yuan, Z., & Shields, A. J. (2015). Quantum secured gigabit optical access networks. Scientific Reports, 5.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18121"},{"key":"1_CR46","unstructured":"Fraunhofer. Beyond 5G -after the next generation. Fraunhofer Press release. https:\/\/www.fraunhofer.de\/en\/press\/research-news\/2017\/november\/beyond-5g-_-after-the-next-generation.html. Accessed 3 July 2019."},{"key":"1_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2014.01.006","volume":"12","author":"F Akyildiz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Akyildiz, F., Jornet, J. M., & Han, C. (2014). Terahertz band: Next frontier for wireless communications. Physical Communication, 12, 16\u201332.","journal-title":"Physical Communication"},{"key":"1_CR48","unstructured":"Ericsson, A. B. Traffic exploration tool. http:\/\/www.ericsson.com\/TET\/trafficView\/loadBasicEditor.ericsson. Accessed 3 July 2019."},{"issue":"9, September","key":"1_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2719924","volume":"35","author":"M Xiao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xiao, M., et al. (2017). Millimeter wave communications for future mobile networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 35(9, September), 1909\u20131935.","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications"},{"issue":"6, June","key":"1_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.8387209","volume":"56","author":"KMS Huq","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huq, K. M. S., Jornet, J. M., Gerstacker, W. H., Al-Dulaimi, A., Zhou, Z., & Aulin, J. (2018). THz communications for mobile heterogeneous networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 56(6, June), 94\u201395.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"key":"1_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh, R., Sicker, D., & Saidul Huq, K. M. (2020). MOTH-Mobility-induced Outages in THz: A Beyond 5G (B5G) application. 2020 IEEE 17th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC), Las Vegas, NV, USA, pp. 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CCNC46108.2020.9045401.","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC46108.2020.9045401"},{"key":"1_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haas, H. (2013, April). High-speed wireless networking using visible light. SPIE Newsroom.","DOI":"10.1117\/2.1201304.004773"},{"key":"1_CR53","unstructured":"Haas, H. (2011, August). Wireless data from every light bulb. TED Website."},{"key":"1_CR54","unstructured":"Light Communication. IEEE 802.11 Task Group. Available: http:\/\/www.ieee802.org\/11\/Reports\/tgbb_update.htm"},{"key":"1_CR55","unstructured":"Cisco Service Provider Wi-Fi: A Platform for Business Innovation and Revenue Generation (CISCO White paper) (2015)."},{"key":"1_CR56","volume-title":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","author":"W Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu, W., Shen, Q., Wang, M., & Shen, X. S. (2017, May). Performance analysis of IEEE 802.11.ad downlink hybrid beamforming. In  2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)."},{"key":"1_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.23.001627","volume":"23","author":"D Tsonev","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsonev, D., Videv, S., & Haas, H. (2015). Towards a 100 Gb\/s visible light wireless access network. Optics Express, 23, 1627\u20131637.","journal-title":"Optics Express"},{"issue":"5","key":"1_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2978","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.2974458","volume":"68","author":"Z Zeng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zeng, Z., Dehghani Soltani, M., Wang, Y., Wu, X., & Haas, H. (2020). Realistic indoor hybrid WiFi and OFDMA-based LiFi networks. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 68(5), 2978\u20132991.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communications"},{"issue":"22","key":"1_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4671","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2015.2480969","volume":"33","author":"Y Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, Y., & Haas, H. (2015). Dynamic load balancing with handover in hybrid Li-Fi and Wi-Fi networks. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 33(22), 4671\u20134682.","journal-title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology"},{"issue":"3, March","key":"1_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2962434","volume":"68","author":"X Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu, X., & Haas, H. (2020). Load balancing for hybrid LiFi and WiFi networks: To tackle user mobility and light-path blockage. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 68(3, March), 1675\u20131683.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communications"},{"issue":"9","key":"1_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1109\/mcom.2018.1701031","volume":"56","author":"FD Calabrese","year":"2018","unstructured":"Calabrese, F. D., Wang, L., Ghadimi, E., Peters, G., Hanzo, L., & Soldati, P. (2018). Learning radio resource management in RANs: Framework, opportunities, and challenges. IEEE Communications Magazine, 56(9), 138\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mcom.2018.1701031","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"key":"1_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Motade, S. N., & Kulkarni, A. V. (2018). Channel estimation and data detection using machine learning for MIMO 5G communication systems in fading channel. Technologies, 6(3, September) Article no. 72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/technologies6030072","DOI":"10.3390\/technologies6030072"},{"issue":"11","key":"1_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1109\/jsac.2013.131120","volume":"31","author":"KM Thilina","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thilina, K. M., Choi, K. W., Saquib, N., & Hossain, E. (2013). Machine learning techniques for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 31(11), 2209\u20132221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jsac.2013.131120","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications"},{"issue":"4","key":"1_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1109\/tii.2017.2650206","volume":"13","author":"MS Parwez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parwez, M. S., Rawat, D. B., & Garuba, M. (2017). Big data analytics for user-activity analysis and user-anomaly detection in mobile wireless network (in English). Ieee Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 13(4), 2058\u20132065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tii.2017.2650206","journal-title":"Ieee Transactions on Industrial Informatics"},{"key":"1_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7700","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2018.2803446","volume":"6","author":"LF Maimo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maimo, L. F., Gomez, A. L. P., Clemente, F. J. G., Perez, M. G., & Perez, G. M. (2018). A self-adaptive deep learning-based system for anomaly detection in 5G networks. Ieee Access, 6, 7700\u20137712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2018.2803446","journal-title":"Ieee Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"1_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1109\/mwc.2016.1500356wc","volume":"24","author":"CX Jiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jiang, C. X., Zhang, H. J., Ren, Y., Han, Z., Chen, K. C., & Hanzo, L. (2017). Machine learning paradigms for next-generation wireless networks. IEEE Wireless Communications, 24(2), 98\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mwc.2016.1500356wc","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications"},{"key":"1_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2017.01.025","volume":"74","author":"R Devi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Devi, R., Jha, R. K., Gupta, A., Jain, S., & Kumar, P. (2017). Implementation of intrusion detection system using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for 5G wireless communication network. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 74, 94\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aeue.2017.01.025","journal-title":"AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"1_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-net.2017.0212","volume":"7","author":"JQ Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, J. Q., Zhao, Z. F., & Li, R. P. (2018). Machine learning-based IDS for software-defined 5G network. Iet Networks, 7(2), 53\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/iet-net.2017.0212","journal-title":"Iet Networks"},{"issue":"2","key":"1_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2016.1500356WC","volume":"24","author":"C Jiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jiang, C., Zhang, H., Ren, Y., Han, Z., Chen, K.-C., & Hanzo, L. (2017). Machine learning paradigms for next-generation wireless networks. IEEE Wireless Communications, 24(2), 98\u2013105.","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications"},{"key":"1_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32328","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2018.2837692","volume":"6","author":"MG Kibria","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kibria, M. G., Nguyen, K., Villardi, G. P., Zhao, O., Ishizu, K., & Kojima, F. (2018). Big data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence in next-generation wireless networks. Ieee Access, 6, 32328\u201332338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2018.2837692","journal-title":"Ieee Access"},{"issue":"1, February","key":"1_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1109\/mwc.2018.1700193","volume":"25","author":"N Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, N., Yang, P., Ren, J., Chen, D. J., Yu, L., & Shen, X. M. (2018). Synergy of big data and 5G wireless networks: Opportunities, approaches, and challenges. IEEE Wireless Communications, 25(1, February), 12\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mwc.2018.1700193","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"1, January\u2013Febr","key":"1_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1109\/mnet.2016.7389830","volume":"30","author":"K Zheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zheng, K., Yang, Z., Zhang, K., Chatzimisios, P., Yang, K., & Xiang, W. (2016). Big data-driven optimization for mobile networks toward 5G. IEEE Network, 30(1, January\u2013February), 44\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mnet.2016.7389830","journal-title":"IEEE Network"},{"issue":"5","key":"1_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1109\/mwc.2017.1600304wc","volume":"24","author":"RP Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li, R. P., et al. (2017). Intelligent 5G: When cellular networks meet artificial intelligence (in English). IEEE Wireless Communications, 24(5), 175\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mwc.2017.1600304wc","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"5","key":"1_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1145\/2677046.2677052","volume":"44","author":"L Vaquero","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vaquero, L., & Rodero-Merino, L. (2014). Finding your way in the fog: Towards a comprehensive definition of fog computing. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 44(5), 27\u201332.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review"},{"key":"1_CR75","unstructured":"NGMN Alliance. (2015, February). 5G white paper [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.ngmn.org\/uploads\/media\/NGMN5GWhite PaperV10.pdf"},{"key":"1_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dastjerdi, V., Gupta, H., Calheiros, R. N., Ghosh, S. K., & Buyya, R. (2016, January). Fog computing: Principals, architectures, and applications. ArXiv e-prints.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-805395-9.00004-6"},{"key":"1_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yi, S., Li, C., & Li, Q. (2015, June). A survey of fog computing: Concepts, applications and issues. In Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on Mobile Big Data, Hangzhou, China, pp. 37\u201342.","DOI":"10.1145\/2757384.2757397"},{"key":"1_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yannuzzi, M., Milito, R., Serral-Gracia, R., Montero, D., & Nemirovsky, M. (2014, December). Key ingredients in an iot recipe: Fog computing, cloud computing, and more fog computing. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks, Athens, pp. 325\u2013329.","DOI":"10.1109\/CAMAD.2014.7033259"},{"key":"1_CR79","unstructured":"Google cloud and the environment. Google [Online]. Available: https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/environment\/"},{"key":"1_CR80","unstructured":"Apple becomes a green energy supplier, with itself as customer. (2016, August). New York Times. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/08\/24\/business\/energy-environment\/as-energy-use-rises-corporations-turn-to-their-own-green-utility-sources.Html"},{"key":"1_CR81","unstructured":"Microsoft environment: Enabling a sustainable future. Microsoft. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/environment\/default.aspx [12]. Apple, Facebook, and Google top Greenpeace energy report card. Fortune.com. [Online]. Available: http:\/\/fortune.com\/2017\/01\/10\/greenpeace-energy-report-apple-facebook-google\/"},{"issue":"5, May","key":"1_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7470944","volume":"54","author":"V Chamola","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chamola, V., & Sikdar, B. (2016). Solar powered cellular base stations: Current scenario, issues and proposed solutions. IEEE Communications Magazine, 54(5, May), 108\u2013114.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"issue":"3, March","key":"1_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2015.2391531","volume":"33","author":"S Ulukus","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ulukus, S., Yener, A., Erkip, E., Simeone, O., Zorzi, M., Grover, P., & Huang, K. (2015). Energy harvesting wireless communications: A review of recent advances. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 33(3, March), 360\u2013381.","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications"},{"issue":"12, December","key":"1_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2718","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2015.2481204","volume":"33","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xiao, Y., Niyato, D., Han, Z., & DaSilva, L. (2015). Dynamic energy trading for energy harvesting communication networks: A stochastic energy trading game. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 33(12, December), 2718\u20132734.","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"1_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2368999","volume":"17","author":"X Lu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lu, X., Wang, P., Niyato, D., Kim, D. I., & Han, Z. (2015). Wireless networks with RF energy harvesting: A contemporary survey. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 17(2), 757\u2013789.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials"},{"key":"1_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, Y., Han, Z., Niyato, D., & Yuen, C. (2015, June). Bayesian reinforcement learning for energy harvesting communication systems with uncertainty. In Proceedings of the IEEE ICC Conference, London, UK.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2015.7249182"},{"issue":"3, March","key":"1_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2015.2394386","volume":"63","author":"X Ge","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ge, X., Yang, B., Ye, J., Mao, G., Wang, C., & Han, T. (2015). Spatial spectrum and energy efficiency of random cellular networks. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 63(3, March), 1019\u20131030.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communications"},{"issue":"3, June","key":"1_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1109\/MIM.2015.7108393","volume":"18","author":"E Hossain","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hossain, E., & Hasan, M. (2015). 5G cellular: Key enabling technologies and research challenges. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine, 18(3, June), 11\u201321.","journal-title":"IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine"},{"issue":"6, June","key":"1_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.2328098","volume":"32","author":"JG Andrews","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andrews, J. G., Buzzi, S., Choi, W., Hanly, S. V., et al. (2014). What will 5G be? IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 32(6, June), 1065\u20131082.","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications"},{"key":"1_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jayachandran, J., Biswas, K., Mohammed, S. K., & Larsson, E. G. (2020). Efficient techniques for in-band system information broadcast in multi-cell massive MIMO. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 68(10, Oct.), pp. 6157\u20136173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3007497","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3007497"},{"key":"1_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Dulaimi et al. (2018). Emerging technologies in software, hardware, and management aspects toward the 5G era: Trends and challenges. In 5G networks: Fundamental requirements, enabling technologies, and operations management, IEEE, ch 1, pp. 13\u201350.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119333142.ch1"},{"key":"1_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2016.2637825","volume":"35","author":"V Houtsma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Houtsma, V., van Veen, D., & Harstead, E. (2017). Recent progress on standardization of next-generation 25, 50, and 100G EPON. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 35, 1228\u20131234.","journal-title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology"},{"key":"1_CR93","unstructured":"Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) [Online]. Available: http:\/\/www.cpri.info"},{"key":"1_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vujicic, Z. et al. (2016). Considerations on performance, cost and power consumption of candidate 100G EPON architectures. 2016 18th international conference on transparent optical networks (ICTON), IEEE, pp. 1\u20136, Trento. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICTON.2016.7550683","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTON.2016.7550683"},{"key":"1_CR95","unstructured":"40-Gigabit-Capable Passive Optical Network (NG-PON2). ITU-T G989.x Series of Recommendations."},{"key":"1_CR96","unstructured":"Physical layer specifications and management parameters for 25 Gb\/s and 50 Gb\/s passive optical networks. IEEE 802.3ca Task Force. http:\/\/www.ieee802.org\/3\/ca\/index.shtml"},{"key":"1_CR97","unstructured":"IEEE P802.3cs Increased-reach Ethernet Optical Subscriber Access Task Force. http:\/\/www.ieee802.org\/3\/cs\/index.html"},{"key":"1_CR98","unstructured":"Higher speed passive optical networks. ITU-T G.9804.x Series of Recommendations. G.9804.1. Consented in July 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2868805","volume":"21","author":"LMP Larsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Larsen, L. M. P., Checko, A., & Christiansen, H. L. (2019). A survey of the functional splits proposed for 5G mobile Crosshaul networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 21(1), 146\u2013172.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"},{"issue":"6, March","key":"1_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2015.2504259","volume":"28","author":"H-D Jung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jung, H.-D., Lee, K. W., Kim, J. H., Kwon, Y.-H., & Park, J. H. (2016). Performance comparison of analog and digitized rof systems with nonlinear channel condition. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 28(6, March), 661\u2013664.","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters"},{"issue":"19","key":"1_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5412","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2020.3004416","volume":"38","author":"S Rommel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rommel, S., et al. (2020). Towards a Scaleable 5G Fronthaul: Analog radio-over-Fiber and space division multiplexing. Journal of Lightwave Technology, OSA Publishing, 38(19), 5412\u20135422.","journal-title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology, OSA Publishing"},{"key":"1_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al. (2016) Memory-polynomial digital pre-distortion for linearity improvement of directly-modulated multi-IF-over-fiber LTE mobile fronthaul.  In 2016 optical Fiber communications conference and exhibition (OFC), IEEE, pp. 1\u20133, Anaheim.","DOI":"10.1364\/OFC.2016.Tu2B.3"},{"key":"1_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagatsuma, T. (2019). Advances in Terahertz communications accelerated by photonics technologies. OptoElectronics and Communications Conference (OECC) and 2019 International Conference on Photonics in Switching and Computing (PSC), Fukuoka, Japan, pp. 1\u20133.","DOI":"10.23919\/PS.2019.8818026"},{"key":"1_CR104","unstructured":"Tafazolli, R. (2020). 6G wireless: A new strategic vision (White Paper). 5GIC Strategy Advisory Board. https:\/\/www.surrey.ac.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-11\/6g-wireless-a-new-strategic-vision-paper.pdf"}],"container-title":["Enabling 6G Mobile Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-74648-3_1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T10:06:46Z","timestamp":1636106806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-74648-3_1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,6]]},"ISBN":["9783030746476","9783030746483"],"references-count":104,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-74648-3_1","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 November 2021","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}