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Many sap-sucking insect species are of major economic importance for forests, forest nurseries, and urban trees, causing plant stress, distortion, shoot stunting, and gall formation, or transmitting plant pathogens. In this chapter, we give an overview of the diversity and biology of sap-sucker insects of forest trees, with an emphasis on the two major groups, aphids, and scale insects. We further present their ecology highlighting their biotic interactions with other organisms. 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