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To achieve this goal, we employed a three-stage slack-based measure (SBM) data envelopment analysis (DEA) model combined with Stochastic Frontier analysis (SFA), which includes a multiplicity of achievement metrics and environmental factors, to evaluate 53 OPs from 19 countries. Our findings suggest that more developed regions (proxied by a higher Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita) do not make an efficient application of European Regional Development Funds (ERDF) aimed at fostering R&amp;I in SMEs. Also, a greater proportion of the population with a university degree does not imply an appropriate use of ERDF devoted to R&amp;I in SMEs. Lifelong learning is positively linked with the\u00a0performance of the outcomes \u201cResearchers Working in Improved Infrastructures\u201d and \u201cEnterprises Supported\u201d. Research and development (R&amp;D) expenditures in the public sector contribute favorably to the needed improvements in \u201cResearchers Working in Improved Infrastructures\u201d but have the reverse effect on the number of \u201cEnterprises Supported\u201d and \u201cEnterprises Working with Research Institutions\u201d. Furthermore, because R&amp;D expenditures in the business sector have a positive impact on the necessary development of \u201cEnterprises Working with Research Institutions\u201d, these results appear to demonstrate that public R&amp;D has a weaker influence on SME innovation than private R&amp;D. Finally, innovative SMEs collaborating with other sources of knowledge show a positive effect on both the number of \u201cEnterprises\u201d and \u201cEnterprises Working with Research Institutions\u201d supported.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-18161-0_1","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T15:04:43Z","timestamp":1669734283000},"page":"3-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating the Reasons Behind the Inefficient Implementation of ERDF Devoted to R&amp;I in SMEs"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Carla","family":"Henriques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Viseu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(77)90052-5","volume":"6","author":"D Aigner","year":"1977","unstructured":"Aigner, D., Lovell, C. 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