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Waste prevention is at the top of this pyramid, followed by preparing for reuse, recycling, and then other recovery activities such as waste to energy. At the bottom of this hierarchy, the waste management strategy to be avoided is waste disposal at landfills.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Although this hierarchy establishes a logical framework for waste management policies, case-by-case assessment shows many exceptions to the rules implicit in this structure. Indeed, depending on the materials and constructive solutions, the order proposed by the WFD can be modified by considering a detailed LCA. On the other hand, when performed on an element level, the results of LCA may not be viable to inform policymakers on the best course of action towards a more sustainable built environment. This paper proposes a multi-level approach \u2013 at a material, element and building level \u2013 combining the waste hierarchy with the 9R framework. Assessments of building refurbishment at the building or element level can yield vastly different results, which may be relevant when addressing questions posed by each type of stakeholder according to their scope of action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-57800-7_58","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T10:02:12Z","timestamp":1715248932000},"page":"625-635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Framework for a Multi-level Approach for Testing the Construction Demolition Waste Hierarchy"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3942-3252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Burmester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8111-6990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9878-3792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Po\u00e7as","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"58_CR1","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization (2017) Sustainable procurement\u2014Guidance.(ISO 20400:2017). https:\/\/www.iso.org\/obp\/ui\/#iso:std:iso:20400:ed-1:v1:en. 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