{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T14:37:38Z","timestamp":1742999858976,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783031696251"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783031696268"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concrete three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has the potential to significantly reduce on-site labour activities, as 3D-printed concrete eliminates the need for formwork. However, challenges persist in ensuring the quality and strength of 3D-printed concrete. One of the factors likely to impact its strength is the fluctuation of the water-to-binder ratio (<jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>) during the printing process. In contrast to traditional cast-in-place concrete, where the mix is prepared at the factory with a fixed water-to-binder ratio, 3D-printed concrete is continuously mixed from a dry mix during printing. The amount of water added to the dry mix is routinely adjusted by the printer operator to maintain optimal consistency. This adjustment affects the water-to-binder ratio, leading to variations in concrete strength. This chapter investigates the extent to which the consistency and strength of 3D-printed mortar may vary while remaining printable using an industrial-scale concrete printer. Using the same dry mix, we observed a difference of approximately 15% in the mean strength for samples cast at the 3D printing site on two different dates. Additionally, there was about a 20% difference in the strength between the thickest and thinnest printable consistencies mixed in the laboratory. This variation must be considered when determining the design strength of 3D-printed concrete.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-69626-8_1","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T11:18:09Z","timestamp":1736335089000},"page":"1-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Experimental Study of Consistency and Strength Variation of 3D-Printed Concrete Mixes"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0453-0012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Vysochinskiy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7946-5094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid","family":"Lande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CEMCONRES.2018.05.006","volume":"112","author":"RA Buswell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buswell, R.A., Leal de Silva, W.R., Jones, S.Z., Dirrenberger, J.: 3D printing using concrete extrusion: a roadmap for research. 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