{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T19:15:31Z","timestamp":1764962131092,"version":"3.46.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031816222","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031816239","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":339,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-81623-9_25","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T18:48:25Z","timestamp":1764960505000},"page":"537-566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Using Shape Grammar as an Analytical Tool for Shelters in Protracted Refugee Camps: The Zaatari Camp Grammar"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6297-5044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dima","family":"Abu-Aridah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3826-3987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 P.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1266-0287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Henn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"25_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1386\/ijia_00050_1","volume":"10","author":"H Al-Harithy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Harithy, H., A. Eltayeb, and A. Khodr. 2021. Hosting Syrian refugees in Saida (Lebanon) under protracted displacement: Unfolding spatial and social exclusion. International Journal of Islamic Architecture 10 (2): 413\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/ijia_00050_1.","journal-title":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture"},{"key":"25_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alnsour, J., and J. Meaton. 2014. Housing conditions in Palestinian refugee camps, Jordan. Cities 36: 65\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cities.2013.10.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2013.10.002"},{"key":"25_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ansar, A., and A.F. Md Khaled. 2021. From solidarity to resistance: Host communities\u2019 evolving response to the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. Journal of International Humanitarian Action 6 (1): 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1186\/s41018-021-00104-9"},{"key":"25_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Betts, A., L. Bloom, J.D. Kaplan, and N. Omata. 2017. Refugee economies: Forced displacement and development. Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198795681.001.0001"},{"key":"25_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bulley, D. 2014. Inside the tent: Community and government in refugee camps. Security Dialogue 45 (1): 63\u201380. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/26292275","DOI":"10.1177\/0967010613514788"},{"key":"25_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carter-White, R., and C. Minca. 2020. The camp and the question of community. Political Geography 81: 102222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.polgeo.2020.102222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polgeo.2020.102222"},{"key":"25_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Colakoglu, B. 2005. Design by grammar: An interpretation and generation of vernacular Hayat houses in contemporary context. Environment and Planning B, Planning and Design 32 (1): 141\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1068\/b3096","DOI":"10.1068\/b3096"},{"key":"25_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Conti, R.L., J. Dabaj, and E. Pascucci. 2020. Living through and living on? Participatory humanitarian architecture in the Jarahieh refugee settlement, Lebanon. Migration and Society 3 (1): 213\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3167\/arms.2020.030117.","DOI":"10.3167\/arms.2020.030117"},{"key":"25_CR9","unstructured":"Dalal, A. 2021. The Refugee camp as urban housing. Housing Studies, 1\u201323."},{"key":"25_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dantas, A., D. Banh, P. Heywood, and M. Amado. 2021. Decoding emergency settlement through quantitative analysis. Sustainability 13 (24) (Article 13586). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su132413586","DOI":"10.3390\/su132413586"},{"key":"25_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dias, M.A. 2014. Informal settlements: A shape grammar approach. Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 8 (11).","DOI":"10.17265\/1934-7359\/2014.11.005"},{"key":"25_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Duarte, J.P., and J. Beir\u00e3o. 2011. Towards a methodology for flexible urban design: Designing with urban patterns and shape grammars. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 38 (5): 879\u2013902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1068\/b37026.","DOI":"10.1068\/b37026"},{"key":"25_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Duarte, J.P., J.M. Rocha, and G.D. Soares. 2007. Unveiling the structure of the Marrakech Medina: A shape grammar and an interpreter for generating urban form. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 21 (4): 317\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0890060407000315.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0890060407000315"},{"key":"25_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elorduy, N.A. 2020. Learning in and through the long-term refugee camps in the East African Rift. In Refuge in a moving world, ed. E. Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, 362\u2013381. UCL Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/j.ctv13xprtw.31","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv13xprtw.31"},{"key":"25_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elorduy, N.A. 2021. Architecture as a way of seeing and learning: The built environment as an added educator in east African refugee camps. UCL Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/j.ctv1gn3t8t.","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv1gn3t8t"},{"key":"25_CR16","unstructured":"Eloy, S., P.E. Vermaas, and M.A.P. Andrade. 2017. The quality of designs by shape grammar systems and architects: A comparative test on refurbishing Lisbon's Rabo-De-Bacalhau apartments. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 34(4), 271\u2013294. http:\/\/www.jstor.org.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu\/stable\/44987237"},{"key":"25_CR17","unstructured":"Etzold, B., M. Belloni, R. King, A. Kraler, F. Pastore. 2019. Transnational figurations of displacement: Conceptualising protracted displacement and translocal connectivity through a process-oriented perspective."},{"key":"25_CR18","unstructured":"Gips, J. 1999. Computer implementation of shape grammars. In NSF\/MIT workshop on shape\ncomputation. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology."},{"key":"25_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hanna, D.M., L. Buys, and A. Kumarasuriyar. 2022. Domestic refugee architecture in Jordan: A socio-spatial analysis of chaotic camps. Journal of Architecture 27 (1): 44\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13602365.2022.2062034.","DOI":"10.1080\/13602365.2022.2062034"},{"key":"25_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2022.101107","volume":"80","author":"J Hart","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hart, J., D. Albadra, N. Paszkiewicz, K. Adeyeye, and A. Copping. 2022. End user engagement in refugee shelter design: Contextualising participatory process. Design Studies 80: 101107.","journal-title":"Design Studies"},{"key":"25_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herz, M. 2013. Refugee camps of the Western Sahara. Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development, 4(3), 365\u2013391.","DOI":"10.1353\/hum.2013.0029"},{"key":"25_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lambe, N.R., and A.R. Dongre. 2019. A shape grammar approach to contextual design: A case study of the Pol houses of Ahmedabad, India. Environment and Planning B, Urban Analytics and City Science, 46(5), 845\u2013861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2399808317734207","DOI":"10.1177\/2399808317734207"},{"issue":"3","key":"25_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1017\/S0020589317000124","volume":"66","author":"H Lambert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lambert, H. 2017. Temporary refuge from war: Customary international law and the Syrian Conflict. International and Comparative Law Quarterly 66 (3): 723\u2013745.","journal-title":"International and Comparative Law Quarterly"},{"key":"25_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latka, J.F. 2017. Emergency and relief architecture: Motivation and guidelines for temporary shelters. A+ BE|Architecture and the Built Environment (19), 267\u2013330.","DOI":"10.59490\/ABE.2017.19.3759"},{"key":"25_CR25","unstructured":"Ledwith, A. 2014. Zaatari: The instant city. Affordable Housing Institute."},{"issue":"18","key":"25_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4383","DOI":"10.1080\/1369183X.2022.2090158","volume":"48","author":"E Papatzani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Papatzani, E., P. Hatziprokopiou, F. Vlastou-Dimopoulou, and A. Siotou. 2022. On not staying put where they have put you: Mobilities disrupting the socio-spatial figurations of displacement in Greece. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 48 (18): 4383\u20134401.","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies"},{"key":"25_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoforum.2017.06.011","volume":"84","author":"R Sanyal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sanyal, R. 2017. A no-camp policy: Interrogating informal settlements in Lebanon. Geoforum 84: 117\u2013125.","journal-title":"Geoforum"},{"key":"25_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schirmer, P., and N. Kawagishi. 2011. Using shape grammars as a rule based approach in urban planning-a report on practice. In Proceedings of the 29th conference on education in computer aided architectural design in Europe, eCAADe '11: Respecting fragile places, 116-124. Ljubljana: eCAADe and University of Ljubljana.","DOI":"10.52842\/conf.ecaade.2011.116"},{"issue":"3","key":"25_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1108\/ARCH-04-2019-0085","volume":"13","author":"M Shalan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shalan, M. 2019. In pursuit of self-reliance\u2014perspectives of refugees in Jordan. Archnet-IJAR 13 (3): 612\u2013626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ARCH-04-2019-0085.","journal-title":"Archnet-IJAR"},{"key":"25_CR30","unstructured":"SphereAssociation. 2018. The sphere hanbook: Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response, 4th edn. Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"25_CR31","unstructured":"Stiny, G., and J. Gips. 1972. Shape grammars and the generative specification of painting and sculpture. In Information processing, 71. Amsterdam: North-Holland."},{"key":"25_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tobin, S.A., F. Momani, and T. Al Yakoub. 2022. \u2018The war has divided us more than ever\u2019: Syrian refugee family networks and social capital for mobility through protracted displacement in Jordan. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 48 (18): 4365\u20134382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1369183X.2022.2090157.","DOI":"10.1080\/1369183X.2022.2090157"},{"issue":"2","key":"25_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/jrs\/fev024","volume":"29","author":"S Turner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Turner, S. 2015. What Is a refugee camp? Explorations of the limits and effects of the camp. Journal of Refugee Studies 29 (2): 139\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jrs\/fev024.","journal-title":"Journal of Refugee Studies"},{"key":"25_CR34","unstructured":"UNHCR. 2007. Handbook for emergencies. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees."},{"key":"25_CR200","unstructured":"UNHCR. 2016. Settlement folio. Planned settlement chapter. Geneva: UNHCR."},{"key":"25_CR35","unstructured":"UNHCR. 2021. Refugee statistics. USA for UNHCR. https:\/\/www.unrefugees.org\/refugee-facts\/statistics\/. Accessed 5 Jan 2022."},{"key":"25_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Verniz, D., and J.P. Duarte. 2020. Santa Marta urban grammar: Unraveling the spontaneous occupation of Brazilian informal settlements. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 48 (4): 810\u2013827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2399808319897625.","DOI":"10.1177\/2399808319897625"}],"container-title":["Mathematics and the Built Environment","Shape Computation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-81623-9_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T18:48:29Z","timestamp":1764960509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-81623-9_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"ISBN":["9783031816222","9783031816239"],"references-count":37,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-81623-9_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2512-157X","2512-1561"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2512-157X","type":"print"},{"value":"2512-1561","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 December 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}