{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T15:54:47Z","timestamp":1766159687072,"version":"3.40.4"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031894435","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031894442","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":122,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Port areas play a key role in the economic well-being of modern societies by facilitating trade, creating jobs, generating revenue, improving sea transport efficiency and promoting regional development. One of the biggest concerns associated is related with high levels of greenhouse gases emissions. The present work aimed at quantifying the emissions generated by several mobility alternatives (road, maritime and rail modes) carried out in Aveiro and Figueira da Foz ports, located in the Centre region of Portugal and propose a Mobility Decarbonization Plan in small-medium size Ports. PTV VISSIM microscopic model was used to assess vehicles flows to\/from\/inside the Ports. Using the methodology EMEP\/ EEA, the results indicate that 19 600 t and 6 750 t of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were emitted in Aveiro Port, and 4 900 t and 1 900 t of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> emissions in Figueira da Foz Port for the years 2022 and 1990, respectively. Subsequently, alternative scenarios concerning alternative fuels, electrification and intermodality were analyzed. Among the measures studied with the greatest potential for reducing CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> emissions are onshore power, electrification of cargo handling equipment, cargo modal shift from road to rail transport and the use of B100 as alternative fuel. Finally, the mobility decarbonization plan based on the alternative scenarios was designed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-89444-2_30","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T13:08:49Z","timestamp":1746191329000},"page":"213-219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Improving Transport Performance and Decarbonization Potential in Small-Medium Ports"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Barata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Manuel","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Margarida C.","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"30_CR1","unstructured":"EC: Reference Manual on Maritime Transport Statistics. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/documents\/29567\/3217334\/Maritime_reference_manual_2019.pdf. Accessed 09 Oct 2023"},{"key":"30_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alzahrani, A., Petri, I., Rezgui, Y., Ghoroghi, A.: Decarbonisation of seaports: a review and directions for future research. Energy Strategy Rev. 38 (2021)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esr.2021.100727"},{"key":"30_CR3","unstructured":"Sorte, S., et al.: Studying mitigation measures to improve air quality in the surroundings of a sea port: In: 19th International Conference on Harmonisation within Atmospheric Dispersion Model-ling for Regulatory Purposes, Harmo (2019)"},{"key":"30_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sorte, S., Rodrigues, V., Borrego, C., Monteiro, A.: Impact of harbour activities on local air quality: a review. Environ. Pollut. 257 (2020)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113542"},{"key":"30_CR5","unstructured":"Port of Aarhus: Sustainability Report. https:\/\/www.portofaarhus.dk\/media\/5n4bzg44\/aarhus-havn-sustainability-report-2021.pdf. Accessed 09 Oct 2023"},{"key":"30_CR6","unstructured":"Port of Los Angeles: Annual Inventory of Air Emissions. https:\/\/www.portoflosangeles.org\/environment\/air-quality\/air-emissions-inventory. Accessed 09 Oct 2023"},{"key":"30_CR7","unstructured":"Port of Aveiro: Strategy for the Energy Transition of the Port of Aveiro. https:\/\/portodeaveiro.pt\/documentos\/transicao-energetica.pdf. Accessed 09 Oct 2023"},{"key":"30_CR8","unstructured":"Lechtenb\u00f6hmer, S., Schostok, D., Kobiela, G., Knoop, K., Pastowski, A., Heck, S.: Deep Decarbonization Pathways for Transport and Logistics Related to the Port of Rot-terdam PoR Transport; synthesis report. https:\/\/epub.wupperinst.org\/frontdoor\/deliver\/index\/docId\/7140\/file\/7140_Rotterdam.pdf. Accessed 09 Oct 2023"},{"key":"30_CR9","unstructured":"PTV VISSIM. https:\/\/www.ptvgroup.com\/en\/products\/. Accessed 08 Oct 2023"},{"key":"30_CR10","unstructured":"Coelho, M.C., Mesquita, J., Macedo, E., Macedo, J.: Decarbonising Mobility in Port Cit-ies. In: EWGT2023 \u2013 25th Euro Working Group on Transportation Meeting, Transportation Research Procedia. Elsevier (2023)"},{"key":"30_CR11","unstructured":"EEA: EMEP\/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook. European Environment Agency. EEA Report No 13\/2019. https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/publications\/emep-eea-guidebook-2019. Accessed 08 Oct 2023"},{"key":"30_CR12","unstructured":"ENTEC: UK Ship Emissions Inventory Final Report. https:\/\/uk-air.defra.gov.uk\/assets\/documents\/reports\/cat15\/1012131459_21897_Final_Report_291110.pdf. Accessed 09 Oct 2023"},{"key":"30_CR13","unstructured":"Carvalho, F., O\u2019Malley, J., Osipova, L., Pavlenko, N.: Key Issues in LCA Methodology for Marine Fuels. https:\/\/theicct.org\/publication\/marine-lca-fuels-apr23\/. Accessed 09 Oct 2023"},{"key":"30_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-021-00982-3","volume":"14","author":"S Sorte","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sorte, S., Rodrigues, V., Louren\u00e7o, R., Borrego, C., Monteiro, A.: Emission inventory for harbour-related activities: comparison of two distinct bottom-up methodologies. Air Qual. Atmos. Health 14, 831\u2013842 (2021)","journal-title":"Air Qual. Atmos. Health"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Mobility","Transport Transitions: Advancing Sustainable and Inclusive Mobility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-89444-2_30","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T13:09:13Z","timestamp":1746191353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-89444-2_30"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"ISBN":["9783031894435","9783031894442"],"references-count":14,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-89444-2_30","relation":{},"ISSN":["2196-5544","2196-5552"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2196-5544","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-5552","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 May 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"TRAconference","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Transport Research Arena Conference","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Dublin","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Ireland","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2024","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"15 April 2024","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"18 April 2024","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"10","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"traconference2024","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/traconference.eu\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}