{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T18:40:09Z","timestamp":1749667209873,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":102,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031899478","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031899485","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-89948-5_14","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T15:58:37Z","timestamp":1749657517000},"page":"333-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Work Time Reduction: A Critical Analysis of the Main Arguments for Adopting a 4-Day Workweek"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0023-4977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6730-7662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia Alexandra","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1649-5581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"Couto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2539-0557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Cerdeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7500-7050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Parente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4050-3094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Manuel","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"14_CR1","unstructured":"4 Day Week Global. (2023). From https:\/\/www.4dayweek.com"},{"key":"14_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqx054","volume":"67","author":"P Afonso","year":"2017","unstructured":"Afonso, P., Fonseca, M., & Pires, J. F. (2017). Impact of working hours on sleep and mental health. Occupational Medicine, 67, 377\u2013382.","journal-title":"Occupational Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"14_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1177\/0018726714559752","volume":"68","author":"D Anfrave","year":"2015","unstructured":"Anfrave, D., & Charlwood, A. (2015). What is the relationship between long working hours, over-employment, under-employment and the subjective well-being of workers? Longitudinal evidence from the UK. Human Relations, 68(9), 1491\u20131515.","journal-title":"Human Relations"},{"key":"14_CR201","unstructured":"Autonomy. (2019). The shorter working week: A radical and pragmatic proposal.\nhttps:\/\/autonomy.work\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Shorter-working-week-docV6.pdf"},{"key":"14_CR4","unstructured":"Ashford, N., & Kallis, G. (2013). A four-day workweek: A policy for improving employment and environmental conditions in Europe. The European Financial Review, 53\u201358. www.europeanfinancialreview.com"},{"key":"14_CR6","unstructured":"Bank of England. (2023). Average weekly hours worked in the United Kingdom [AWHWUKA]. Retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. https:\/\/fred.stlouisfed.org\/series\/AWHWUKA"},{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3388","volume":"40","author":"A Bannai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bannai, A., & Tamakoshi, M. (2014). The association between long working hours and health: A systematic review of epidemiological evidence. Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health, 40(1), 5\u201318.","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health"},{"key":"14_CR9","volume-title":"The 4 day week","author":"A Barnes","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barnes, A. (2002). The 4 day week. Piatkus."},{"key":"14_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2020.100901","volume":"29","author":"I Berniell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berniell, I., & Bientenbeck, J. (2020). The effect of working hours on health. Economics and Human Biology, 29, 100901.","journal-title":"Economics and Human Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"14_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.103.3.251","volume":"103","author":"FD Blau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blau, F. D., & Kahn, L. M. (2013). Female labor supply: Why is the US falling behind? American Economic Review, 103(3), 251\u201356.","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"14_CR12","unstructured":"Booth, R. (2019). Four-day week: Trial finds lower stress and increased productivity. From The Guardian. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/money\/2019\/feb\/19\/four-day-week-trial-study-finds-lower-stress-but-no-cut-in-output"},{"issue":"461","key":"14_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3917\/futur.461.0057","volume":"4","author":"J-Y Boulin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boulin, J.-Y. (2024). Semaine de Quatre Jours: Une Pr\u00e9figuration de l\u2019avenir de Temps de Travail? Futuribles, 4(461), 57\u201376.","journal-title":"Futuribles"},{"key":"14_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1177\/000312240106600203","volume":"66","author":"MJ Budig","year":"2001","unstructured":"Budig, M. J., & England, P. (2001). The wage penalty for motherhood. American Sociological Review, 66, 204\u2013225.","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"14_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1093\/esr\/jcv072","volume":"31","author":"M B\u00fcnning","year":"2015","unstructured":"B\u00fcnning, M. (2015). What happens after the \u2018Daddy Months\u2019? Fathers\u2019 involvement in paid work, childcare, and housework after taking parental leave in Germany. European Sociological Review, 31(6), 738\u2013748.","journal-title":"European Sociological Review"},{"key":"14_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burchell, B., Deakin, S., Rubery, J., & Spencer, D.A. (2024). The future of work and working time: Introduction to special issue. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 48(1), 1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cje\/bead057","DOI":"10.1093\/cje\/bead057"},{"key":"14_CR17","unstructured":"Cabrita, J., & Boehmer, S. (2016). Working time developments. Eurofound."},{"key":"14_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campbell, T. T. (2023). The four-day work week: A chronological, systematic review of the academic literature. Management Review Quarterly, 74(1), 1791\u20131807.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11301-023-00347-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjv038","volume":"131","author":"D Card","year":"2016","unstructured":"Card, D., Cardoso, A. R., & Kline, P. (2016). Bargaining, sorting, and the gender wage gap: Quantifying the impact of firms on the relative pay of women. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(2), 633\u2013658.","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"key":"14_CR20","unstructured":"Chappell, B. (2019). 4-day workweek boosted workers\u2019 productivity By 40%, Microsoft Japan Says. NPR."},{"issue":"3","key":"14_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1017\/S0047279422000186","volume":"51","author":"H Chung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chung, H. (2022). A social policy case for a four-day week. Journal of Social Policy, 51(3), 551\u2013566.","journal-title":"Journal of Social Policy"},{"key":"14_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labeco.2017.03.006","volume":"47","author":"M Collewet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Collewet, M., & Sayermann, J. (2017). Working hours and productivity. Labour Economics, 47, 96\u2013106.","journal-title":"Labour Economics"},{"key":"14_CR23","volume-title":"The case for a four-day week","author":"A Coote","year":"2021","unstructured":"Coote, A., Harper, A., & Stirling, A. (2021). The case for a four-day week. Wiley."},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1086\/700185","volume":"37","author":"P Cortes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cortes, P., & Pan, J. (2019). When time binds: Substitutes for household production, returns to working long hours, and the skilled gender wage gap. Journal of Labour Economics, 37(2), 351\u2013398.","journal-title":"Journal of Labour Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1086\/209954","volume":"18","author":"DL Costa","year":"2000","unstructured":"Costa, D. L. (2000). The wage and the length of the work day> from the 1890 to 1991. Journal of Labor Economics, 18(1), 156\u2013181.","journal-title":"Journal of Labor Economics"},{"key":"14_CR26","unstructured":"Cuello, H. (2023). Assessing the validity of four-day week pilots. JRC working papers series on social classes in the digital age."},{"key":"14_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Decicienti, F., Grinza, E., & Vannoni, D. (2015). The impact of part-time work on firm total factor productivity: Evidence from Italy. IZA DP No. 9463.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2684293"},{"key":"14_CR28","unstructured":"Delaney, H. (2018). Perpetual guardian\u2019s 4-day workweek trial: Qualitative research analysis. The University of Auckland."},{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1108\/ER-02-2021-0056","volume":"44","author":"H Delaney","year":"2022","unstructured":"Delaney, H., & Casey, C. (2022). The promise of a four-day week? A critical appraisal of a management-led initiative. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 44(1), 176\u2013190.","journal-title":"Employee Relations: THe International Journal"},{"issue":"9","key":"14_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2004.016667","volume":"62","author":"A Dembe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dembe, A., Erickson, J., Delbos, R., & Banks, S. (2005). The impact of overtime and long work hours on occupational injuries and illnesses: New evidence from the United States. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62(9), 588\u201397.","journal-title":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"14_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1920\/ps.ifs.2024.0168","volume-title":"Wage progression and the gender wage gap: The causal impact of hours of work","author":"MC Dias","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dias, M. C., Joyce, R., & Parodi, F. (2018). Wage progression and the gender wage gap: The causal impact of hours of work. The Institute for Fiscal Studies."},{"key":"14_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, X. (2005) Long workhours, work scheduling and work-related injuries among construction workers in the United States. Scand J Work Environ Health, 31(5, 329\u201335.","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.915"},{"key":"14_CR33","unstructured":"EIGE. (2021). Gender statistics database. From https:\/\/eige.europa.eu\/gender-statistics\/dgs\/about"},{"issue":"55","key":"14_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0327.2008.00204.x","volume":"23","author":"M Estev\u00e3o","year":"2008","unstructured":"Estev\u00e3o, M., S\u00e1, F., & Petrongolo, B. (2008). The 35-hour workweek in France: Straightjacket or welfare improvement? Economic Policy, 23(55), 417\u2013463.","journal-title":"Economic Policy"},{"key":"14_CR35","unstructured":"Eurofound. (2024). Working time reduction with a focus on the four-day week: Literature review. European foundation for the improvement of living and working conditions."},{"key":"14_CR37","unstructured":"Farr\u00e9, L., Felfe, C., Gonz\u00e1lez, L., & Scneider, P. (2023) Changing gender norms across. IZA DP No. 16341."},{"key":"14_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fitzgerald, J. B., Schor, J. B., & Jorgenson, A. K. (2018). Working hours and carbon dioxide emissions in the United States, 2007\u20132013. Social Forces, 96(4), 1851\u20131874.","DOI":"10.1093\/sf\/soy014"},{"key":"14_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labeco.2020.101866","volume":"65","author":"S Fl\u00e8che","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fl\u00e8che, S., Lepinteur, A., & Powdthavee, N. (2020). Gender norms, fairness and relative working hours within households. Labour Economics, 65, 101866.","journal-title":"Labour Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"14_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1177\/0019793914537456","volume":"67","author":"A Garnero","year":"2014","unstructured":"Garnero, A., Kampelmann, S., & Rycx, F. (2014). Part-time work, wages, and productivity: Evidence from Belgian matched panel data. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 67(3), 926\u2013954.","journal-title":"Industrial and Labor Relations Review"},{"key":"14_CR40","unstructured":"Giattino, C., Ortiz-Ospina, E., & Roser, M. (2020) Working hours. From OurWorldInData.org. https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/working-hours"},{"key":"14_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gilmore, O. (2021). The working week in manufacturing since 1820. In How was life? Volume II: New perspectives on well-being and global inequality since 1820. OECD Publishing, Paris, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/3d96efc5-en","DOI":"10.1787\/3d96efc5-en"},{"key":"14_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giuliano, P. (2017). Gender: An historical perspective. NBER Working Paper 23635.","DOI":"10.3386\/w23635"},{"key":"14_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golden, L., Lambert, S., Henly, J., & Wiens-Tuers, B. (2011). Working time in the employment relationship: Perceived control and work-life balance. In K. T. Wilkinson (Ed.), Edward Elgar handbook on work and employment relations. Edward Elgar.","DOI":"10.4337\/9780857936363.00018"},{"key":"14_CR44","unstructured":"Golden, L. (2011). The effects of working time on productivity and firm performance: A research synthesis paper. ILO, conditions of work and employment series no. 33."},{"key":"14_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldin, C. (2014). A grand gender convergence: Its last chapter. American Economic Review, 104(4), 1091\u20131110.","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.104.4.1091"},{"key":"14_CR47","volume-title":"Friday is the new saturday","author":"P Gomes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gomes, P. (2021). Friday is the new saturday. The History Press Ltd."},{"key":"14_CR48","unstructured":"Haraldsson, G. D., & Kellam, J. (2021) Going Public: Iceland\u2019s journey to a shorter working week. Alda and Autonomy."},{"key":"14_CR49","volume-title":"Achieving a shorter working week in the UK","author":"A Harper","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harper, A., & Martin, A. (2018). Achieving a shorter working week in the UK. The New Economics Foundation."},{"issue":"3","key":"14_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1017\/S0047279422000186","volume":"51","author":"C Heejung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heejung, C. (2022). A social policy case for a four-day week. Journal of Social Policy, 51(3), 551\u2013566.","journal-title":"Journal of Social Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"14_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.2307\/3116979","volume":"66","author":"BK Hunnicutt","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hunnicutt, B. K. (1992). Kellogg\u2019s six-hour day: A capitalist vision of liberation through managed work. The Business History Review, 66(3), 475\u2013522.","journal-title":"The Business History Review"},{"key":"14_CR52","unstructured":"ILO. (2023). Statistics on working time. From ILO Stat: https:\/\/ilostat.ilo.org\/topics\/working-time\/"},{"key":"14_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jahal, T., Bardoel, E. A.., & Hopkins, J. (2023), Could the 4-day\u2009week work? A scoping review. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1744-7941.12395","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7941.12395"},{"issue":"11","key":"14_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20383","volume":"49","author":"JV Johnson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Johnson, J. V., & Lipscomb, J. (2006). Long working hours, occupational health and the changing nature of work organization. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 49(11), 921\u20139.","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"14_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.3390\/su5041545","volume":"5","author":"G Kallis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kallis, G., Kalush, M., O\u2019Flynn, H., Rossiter, J., & Ashford, N. (2013). Friday off: Reducing working hours in Europe. Sustainability (Switzerland), 5(4), 1545\u20131567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su5041545","journal-title":"Sustainability (Switzerland)"},{"key":"14_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.06.006","volume":"241","author":"D Kamerade","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kamerade, D., Wang, S., Burchelll, B., Balderson, S. U., & Coutts, A. (2019). A shorter working week for everyone: How much paid work is needed for T mental health and well-being? Social Science and Medicine, 241, 112353.","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"14_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2019-106353","volume":"77","author":"M Keus Van De Poll","year":"2020","unstructured":"Keus Van De Poll, M., Nybergh, L., Lornudd, C., Hagberg, J., Bodin, L., Kwak, L., & Bergstrom, G. (2020). Preventing sickness absence among employees with common mental disorders or stress-related symptoms at work: A cluster randomised controlled trial of a problem-solving-based intervention conducted by the occupational health services. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 77(7), 454\u2013461.","journal-title":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/nha3.20214","volume":"30","author":"S Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim, S., McLean, G. N., & Park, S. (2018). The cultural context of long working hours: Workplace experiences in Korea. New Horizons in Adult Education and Human Resource Development, 30(2), 36\u201351.","journal-title":"New Horizons in Adult Education and Human Resource Development"},{"key":"14_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knight, K., Rosa, E. A., & Schor, J. B. (2012) Reducing growth to achieve environmental sustainability: The role of work hours (Issue 304).","DOI":"10.4337\/9781782540854.00022"},{"key":"14_CR60","unstructured":"Kodz, K., Lain, D., Strebler, M., Rick, J., Bates, P., & Meager, N. (2023). Working long hours: A review of the evidence (vol. 1). Employment Relations Research Series ERRS16 | Department of Trade and Industry."},{"issue":"5","key":"14_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1177\/001979391306600507","volume":"66","author":"A K\u00fcnn-Nelen","year":"2013","unstructured":"K\u00fcnn-Nelen, A., De Grip, A., & Fouarge, D. (2013). Is part-time employment beneficial for firm productivity? Industrial and Labour Relations Review, 66(5), 1172\u20131191.","journal-title":"Industrial and Labour Relations Review"},{"issue":"18","key":"14_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041406","volume":"351","author":"C Landrigan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Landrigan, C., Rothschild, J., Cronin, J., Kaushal, R., Burdick, E., Katz, J., & Czeisler, C. (2004). Effect of reducing interns\u2019 work hours on serious medical errors in intensive care units. The New England Journal of Medicine, 351(18), 1838\u201348.","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"14_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labeco.2018.05.010","volume":"58","author":"A Lepinteur","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lepinteur, A. (2019). The shorter workweek and worker wellbeing: Evidence from Portugal and France. Labour Economics, 58, 204\u2013220.","journal-title":"Labour Economics"},{"key":"14_CR64","unstructured":"Lewis, K., & Stronge, W. (2021). A shorter working week in Government: A worker-led inquiry into desirability, feasibility and impact. Autonomy."},{"key":"14_CR65","unstructured":"Lewis, K., Stronge, W., Kellam, J., & Kikuchi, L. (2023) The results are in: The UK\u2019s four-day week pilot. Autonomy, 4Day Week, 4 Day Week Global."},{"key":"14_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-021-09643-3","volume":"22","author":"W Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, W., Ruan, W., Chen, Z., Yi, G., & Wang, D. (2021). A meta-analysis of observational studies including dose\u2013response relationship between long working hours and risk of obesity. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 22, 837\u2013845.","journal-title":"Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders"},{"key":"14_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marston, G. (2016). Greening the Australian welfare state: Can basic income play a role? In Basic income in Australia and New Zealand: Perspectives from the neoliberal frontier (pp. 157\u2013177). New York, Palgrave Macmillan US.","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137535320_8"},{"key":"14_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102791","volume":"72","author":"A Milner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Milner, A., Smith, P., & LaMontagne, A. D. (2015). Working hours and mental health in Australia: Evidence from an Australian population-based cohort, 2001\u20132012. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 72, 573\u2013579.","journal-title":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR68","first-page":"8","volume":"1","author":"JE Moores","year":"1990","unstructured":"Moores, J. E. (1990). A meta-analysis of the effects of compressed work weeks. Applied HRM Research, 1(1), 8\u201314.","journal-title":"Applied HRM Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1177\/0961463X231156948","volume":"32","author":"F Mullens","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mullens, F., & Ignace, G. (2023). Reducing weekly working hours: Temporal strategies and changes in the organization and experiences of work-results from a qualitative study of 30-hour workweek experiment. Time and Society, 32(2), 146\u2013168.","journal-title":"Time and Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR70","first-page":"52","volume":"16","author":"F Mullens","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mullens, F., Verbeylen, J., & Glorieux, I. (2021). Rethinking the workweek: Results from a longitudinal time-use study of a 30-hour workweek experiment. Journal of Time Use Research, 16(1), 52\u201375.","journal-title":"Journal of Time Use Research"},{"key":"14_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"OECD. (2021). The role of firms in wage inequality: Policy lessons from a large scale cross-country study. OECD Publishing, Paris. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/7d9b2208-en","DOI":"10.1787\/7d9b2208-en"},{"key":"14_CR73","unstructured":"OECD. (2022). Incidence of FTPT employment. From OECD Stat: https:\/\/stats.oecd.org\/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=FTPTC_I"},{"key":"14_CR71","unstructured":"OECD. (2023). Framework for the evaluation of SME and entrepreneurship policies and programmes 2023. OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship, OECD Publishing."},{"key":"14_CR75","volume-title":"Shorter: How smart companies work less, embrace flexibility and boost productivity","author":"AS Pang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pang, A. S. (2020). Shorter: How smart companies work less, embrace flexibility and boost productivity. Penguin."},{"issue":"589","key":"14_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1111\/ecoj.12166","volume":"125","author":"J Pencavel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pencavel, J. (2015). The productivity of working hours. The Economic Journal, 125(589), 2052\u20132076.","journal-title":"The Economic Journal"},{"key":"14_CR77","first-page":"19","volume":"10","author":"A Piasna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Piasna, A., & Spiegelaere, S. D. (2021). Working time reduction, work\/life balance and gender equality. Dynamiques Regionales, 10, 19\u201342.","journal-title":"Dynamiques Regionales"},{"key":"14_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pullinger, M. (2014). Working time reduction policy in a sustainable economy: Criteria and options for its design. Ecological Economics, 103, 11\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2014.04.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2014.04.009"},{"key":"14_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econlet.2009.10.001","volume":"106","author":"PS Raposo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Raposo, P. S., & Ours, J. C. (2010). How working time reduction affects jobs and wages. Economic Letters, 106, 61\u201363.","journal-title":"Economic Letters"},{"issue":"4","key":"14_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231037","volume":"15","author":"A Rivera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rivera, A., Akanbi, M., O\u2019Dwyer, L., & McHugh, M. (2020). Shift work and long work hours and their association with chronic health conditions: A systematic review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses. PLoS ONE, 15(4), e0231037.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1177\/0961463X15620983","volume":"28","author":"C Rosengren","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rosengren, C. (2019). Performing work: The drama of everyday working life. Time and Society, 28(2), 613\u2013633.","journal-title":"Time and Society"},{"issue":"2\/3","key":"14_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1177\/0961463X01010002006","volume":"10","author":"S Rutherford","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rutherford, S. (2001). Are you going home already? The long hours culture, women managers and patriarchal closure. Time and Society, 10(2\/3), 259\u2013276.","journal-title":"Time and Society"},{"key":"14_CR83","unstructured":"Sanchis, J. (2023), Cuatro D\u00edas: Trabajar Menos Para Vivir En Un Mundo Mejor. Barlin Libros."},{"key":"14_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schiller, H., Lekander, M., Rajaleid, K., Hellgren, C., \u00c5kerstedt, T., Barck-Holst, P., & Kecklund, G. (2017). The impact of reduced worktime on sleep and perceived stress\u2014a group randomized intervention study using diary data. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 109\u2013116.","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3610"},{"key":"14_CR85","unstructured":"Schor, J. B., Fan, W., Kelly, O., Gu, G., Bezdenezhnykh, T., & Bridson-Hubbard, N. (2022). The four day week: Assessing global trials of reduced work time with no reduction in pay. Four Day Week Global."},{"key":"14_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwarz, U. V., & Hasson, H. (2011). Employee self-rated productivity and objective organizational production levels: Effects of worksite health interventions involving reduced work hours and physical exercise. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 3(8), 838\u2013844.","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e31822589c2"},{"key":"14_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwarz, U. V., Lindfors, P., & Lundberg, U. (2008) Health-related effects of worksite interventions involving physical exercise and reduced workhours. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 34(3), 179\u2013188.","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1227"},{"key":"14_CR88","unstructured":"Shangguan, R., Devaro, J., & Owan, H. (2021) Enhancing team productivity through shorter working hours: Evidence from the great recession. RIETI Discussion Paper Series 21-E-040."},{"issue":"7","key":"14_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1108\/01437720010378999","volume":"21","author":"E Shepard","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shepard, E., & Clifton, T. (2000). Are longer hours reducing productivity in manufacturing? International Journal of Manpower, 21(7), 540\u2013553.","journal-title":"International Journal of Manpower"},{"issue":"4","key":"14_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1348\/096317901167497","volume":"74","author":"K Sparks","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sparks, K., Faragher, B., & Cooper, C. (2001). Well-being and occupational health in the 21st century workplace. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74(4), 489\u2013509.","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology"},{"key":"14_CR91","unstructured":"Specchia, G. L., & Vandenberghe, V. (2013). Is part-time employment a boon or bane for firm productivity? Unpublished paper."},{"key":"14_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spencer, D. A. (2022). A four-day working week: Its role in a politics of work. The Political Quarterly, 93(3), 401\u2013407.","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-923X.13173"},{"key":"14_CR94","volume-title":"The why and how of working time reduction","author":"SD Spiegelaere","year":"2017","unstructured":"Spiegelaere, S. D., & Piasna, A. (2017). The why and how of working time reduction. European Trade Union Institute."},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.4337\/ejeep.2014.02.04","volume":"11","author":"S Stagl","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stagl, S. (2014). Ecological macroeconomics: Reflections on labour markets. European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, 11(2), 171\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4337\/ejeep.2014.02.04","journal-title":"European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention"},{"key":"14_CR96","volume-title":"The shorter working week: A radical and pragmatic proposal","author":"W Stronge","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stronge, W., & Harper, A. (2019). The shorter working week: A radical and pragmatic proposal. Autonomy."},{"key":"14_CR98","unstructured":"US Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2023). Unemployment rate, FRED Sr. Louis Fed. From https:\/\/fred.stlouisfed.org\/series\/UNRATE"},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/02614367.2022.2094997","volume":"42","author":"AJ Veal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Veal, A. J. (2023). The 4-day work-week: The new leisure society? Leisure Studies, 42(2), 172\u2013187.","journal-title":"Leisure Studies"},{"key":"14_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-019-0480-3","volume":"44","author":"M Virtanen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Virtanen, M., Jokela, M., & Lallukka, T. (2022). Long working hours and change in body weight: Analysis of individual-participant data from 19 cohort studies. International Journal of Obesity, 44, 1368\u20131375.","journal-title":"International Journal of Obesity"},{"key":"14_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Voglino, G., Savatteri, A., Gualano, M., Catozzi, D., Rousset, S., Boietti, E., & Siliquini, R. (2022). How the reduction of working hours could influence health outcomes: A systematic review of published studies. BMJ Open, 12.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-051131"},{"key":"14_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weeden, K. A., Cha, Y., & Bucca, M. (2016). Long work hours, part-time work, and trends in the gender gap in pay, the motherhood wage penalty, and the fatherhood wage premium. RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 2(4), 71\u2013102.","DOI":"10.7758\/rsf.2016.2.4.03"},{"key":"14_CR200","unstructured":"Williams, J. (2010). Reshaping the work-family debate: Why men and class matter. Harvard University Press."},{"issue":"12","key":"14_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16122102","volume":"16","author":"K Wong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wong, K., Chan, A. H., & Ngan, S. (2019). The effect of long working hours and overtime on occupational health: a meta-analysis of evidence from 1998 to 2018. International Journal Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(12), 2102.","journal-title":"International Journal Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"14_CR105","unstructured":"Worstall, T. (2019). The problem with the four day work week. 1\u20132. https:\/\/www.adamsmith.org\/blog\/the-problem-with-the-four-day-work-week"},{"key":"14_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chieco.2022.101902","volume":"77","author":"H Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng, H., Vatsa, P., Ma, W., & Zhou, X. (2023). Working hours and job satisfaction in China: A threshold analysis. China Economic Review, 77, 101902.","journal-title":"China Economic Review"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering","Human Resource Management in a Disrupted World"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-89948-5_14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T18:02:42Z","timestamp":1749664962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-89948-5_14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"ISBN":["9783031899478","9783031899485"],"references-count":102,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-89948-5_14","relation":{},"ISSN":["2522-5022","2522-5030"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2522-5022","type":"print"},{"value":"2522-5030","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 June 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}