{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T14:48:42Z","timestamp":1754146122620,"version":"3.41.2"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031952838","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031952845","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":199,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>This paper estimates the potential for cycling combined with public transit (PT) as a substitute for car trips in the Lisbon metropolitan area and assesses its socio-environmental impacts using open data and open source tools. A decision support tool that facilitates the design and development of a metropolitan cycling network was developed (<jats:italic>biclaR<\/jats:italic>). The social and environmental impacts were assessed using the <jats:italic>HEAT for Cycling<\/jats:italic> and the <jats:italic>HEAT as a Service<\/jats:italic> tools. The impacts of shifting car trips to PT were also estimated and monetized. The results indicate that 10% of trips could be made by bicycle + PT combination. Shifting to cycling for the first-and-last mile stages can reduce annual CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>eq emissions from 3,000 tons\/day, with benefits over 10 years of at least \u20ac125 million. For the PT leg, the transfer from car avoids up to 20,500 tons of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>eq emissions per year. This evidence can support policymakers to prioritize interventions that reduce the reliance on private motor vehicles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-95284-5_13","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T01:48:54Z","timestamp":1752803334000},"page":"85-92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["biclaR: Estimating the\u00a0Socio-Environmental Impacts of\u00a0Car Substitution by\u00a0Bicycle and\u00a0Public Transit Using Open Tools"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5642-6006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"F\u00e9lix","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7749-8490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5679-6536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"Lovelace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"13_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2006.09.010","volume":"41","author":"K Martens","year":"2007","unstructured":"Martens, K.: Promoting bike-and-ride: the Dutch experience. Transp. Res. Part A: Policy Pract. 41, 326\u2013338 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tra.2006.09.010","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part A: Policy Pract."},{"key":"13_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-9209(99)00019-X","volume":"5","author":"P Rietveld","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rietveld, P.: The accessibility of railway stations: the role of the bicycle in the Netherlands. Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ. 5, 71\u201375 (2000). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1361-9209(99)00019-X","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ."},{"key":"13_CR3","unstructured":"INE: Mobilidade e funcionalidade do territ\u00f3rio nas \u00c1reas Metropolitanas do Porto e de Lisboa: 2017. Instituto National de Estat\u00edstica, Lisboa (2018)"},{"key":"13_CR4","unstructured":"F\u00e9lix, R., Lovelace, R., Moura, F.: biclaR - Ferramenta de apoio ao planeamento da rede cicl\u00e1vel na \u00e1rea metropolitana de Lisboa (2022). https:\/\/biclar.tmlmobilidade.pt"},{"key":"13_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lovelace, R., Goodman, A., Aldred, R., Berkoff, N., Abbas, A., Woodcock, J.: The Propensity to cycle tool: an open source online system for sustainable transport planning. J. Transp. Land Use 10 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5198\/jtlu.2016.862","DOI":"10.5198\/jtlu.2016.862"},{"key":"13_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lovelace, R., F\u00e9lix, R., Carlino, D.: Jittering: a computationally efficient method for generating realistic route networks from origin-destination data. Findings (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32866\/001c.33873","DOI":"10.32866\/001c.33873"},{"key":"13_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pereira, R.H.M., Saraiva, M., Herszenhut, D., Braga, C.K.V., Conway, M.W.: r5r: Rapid realistic routing on multimodal transport networks with R5 in r. Findings (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32866\/001c.21262","DOI":"10.32866\/001c.21262"},{"key":"13_CR8","unstructured":"Kahlmeier, S., et al.: Health economic assessment tool (HEAT) for walking and for cycling: Methods and user guide on physical activity, air pollution, injuries and carbon impact assessments (2017)"},{"key":"13_CR9","unstructured":"Ntziachristos, L., Samaras, Z.: EMEP\/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019 (2020). https:\/\/www.emisia.com\/utilities\/copert\/documentation\/"},{"key":"13_CR10","unstructured":"Sartori, D., et al.: Guide to cost-benefit analysis of investment projects. Economic Apraisal tool for cohesion policy 2014\u20132020. European Commission - Directorate General for Regional and Urban Policy (2014)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Mobility","Transport Transitions: Advancing Sustainable and Inclusive Mobility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-95284-5_13","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T01:48:55Z","timestamp":1752803335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-95284-5_13"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"ISBN":["9783031952838","9783031952845"],"references-count":10,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-95284-5_13","relation":{},"ISSN":["2196-5544","2196-5552"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2196-5544","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-5552","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 July 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"TRAconference","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Transport Research Arena Conference","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Dublin","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Ireland","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2024","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"15 April 2024","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"18 April 2024","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"10","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"traconference2024","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/traconference.eu\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}