{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T15:59:20Z","timestamp":1772639960757,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032154729","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032154736","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":63,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Coastal areas are highly vulnerable to extreme events, particularly in rocky coastal environments where cliff collapse poses a significant risk to human occupation. This study presents a simplified method for assessing coastal risk at the top of rocky cliffs, integrating hazard and exposure into a single risk index. The methodology is based on the Coastal Risk Assessment Framework and incorporates hazard (inland extent of cliff mass movements) and exposure (land use) indices to calculate a Coastal Index (Ci). This approach was applied to the coastline of the municipality of Lagoa (Algarve, southern Portugal), which is characterised by indented rocky cliffs, pocket beaches, and subject to high touristic pressure. Risk maps were developed to determine the spatial variability, revealing a predominantly low to moderate risk along the coastline. However, 22% of the study area was identified as having high to very high coastal risk, particularly in areas with urban or touristic development close to the cliff edge. The method provides a straightforward tool for coastal management, enabling the identification of risk hotspots and the optimization of resource allocation for risk reduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-15473-6_51","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T10:31:47Z","timestamp":1772620307000},"page":"324-329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk Assessment for Rocky Cliffs: Application to the Coastal Area of Lagoa, Southern Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Loureiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"51_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2021.106706","volume":"444","author":"RJ Bergillos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bergillos RJ, Rodriguez-Delgado C, Medina L, Fernandez-Ruiz J, Rodriguez-Ortiz JM, Iglesias G (2022) A combined approach to cliff characterization: cliff stability index. Mar Geol 444:106706","journal-title":"Mar Geol"},{"key":"51_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2009.05.009","volume":"112","author":"L Del R\u00edo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Del R\u00edo L, Gracia FJ (2009) Erosion risk assessment of active coastal cliffs in temperate environments. Geomorphology 112:82\u201395","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"51_CR3","unstructured":"DGT: Especifica\u00e7\u00f5es t\u00e9cnicas da Carta de Uso e Ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o do Solo (COS) de Portugal Continental para 2018. Relat\u00f3rio T\u00e9cnico. Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral do Territ\u00f3rio, Lisbon (2019)"},{"key":"51_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences8030080","volume":"8","author":"F Marques","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marques F (2018) Regional scale sea cliff hazard assessment at sintra and cascais counties Western Coast of Portugal. Geosciences 8:80","journal-title":"Geosciences"},{"key":"51_CR5","unstructured":"Marques F, Matildes R, Redweik P (2011) Statistically based sea cliff instability hazard assessment of Burgau-Lagos coastal section (Algarve, Portugal). J Coastal Res SI64:927\u2013931"},{"key":"51_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3185","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-13-3185-2013","volume":"13","author":"F Marques","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marques F, Matildes R, Redweik P (2013) Sea cliff instability susceptibility at regional scale: a statistically based assessment in the southern Algarve, Portugal. Nat Hazard 13:3185\u20133203","journal-title":"Nat Hazard"},{"key":"51_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2009.08.004","volume":"52","author":"M Nunes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nunes M et al (2009) Hazard assessment in rock cliffs at Central Algarve (Portugal): A tool for coastal management. Ocean Coast Manag 52:506\u2013515","journal-title":"Ocean Coast Manag"},{"key":"51_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2023.108669","volume":"430","author":"N Penacho","year":"2023","unstructured":"Penacho N, Marques F (2023) A statistical approach for sea cliff hazard and setback lines mapping in the northeast of Peniche Portugal. Geomorphology 430:108669","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"51_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2005.12.013","volume":"26","author":"S Teixeira","year":"2006","unstructured":"Teixeira S (2006) Slope mass movements on rocky sea-cliffs: a power-law distributed natural hazard on the Barlavento Coast, Algarve Portugal. Continental Shelf Res 26:1077\u20131091","journal-title":"Continental Shelf Res"},{"key":"51_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2017.09.002","volume":"134","author":"C Viavattene","year":"2018","unstructured":"Viavattene C, Jim\u00e9nez JA, Ferreira \u00d3, Priest S, Owen D, McCall R (2018) Selecting coastal hotspots to storm impacts at the regional scale: the coastal risk assessment framework. Coast Eng 134:33\u201347","journal-title":"Coast Eng"}],"container-title":["Coastal Research Library","Coastal Dynamics 2025"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-15473-6_51","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T10:31:49Z","timestamp":1772620309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-15473-6_51"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9783032154729","9783032154736"],"references-count":10,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-15473-6_51","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0577","2211-0585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0577","type":"print"},{"value":"2211-0585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 March 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"CD","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Coastal Dynamics conference","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Aveiro","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Portugal","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"7 April 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"11 April 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"cd-32025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/coastaldynamics25.web.ua.pt\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}