{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T20:05:32Z","timestamp":1774469132688,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":178,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783642284175","type":"print"},{"value":"9783642284182","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28418-2_12","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,7]],"date-time":"2012-05-07T17:02:58Z","timestamp":1336410178000},"page":"381-420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Lignin as Source of Fine Chemicals: Vanillin and Syringaldehyde"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Paula C.","family":"Rodrigues Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eduardo A.","family":"Borges da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Al\u00edrio E.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"12_CR1","volume-title":"Wood chemistry, fundamentals and applications","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m E (ed) (1993) Wood chemistry, fundamentals and applications. Academic Press, New York"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134938","volume":"54","author":"W Boerjan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boerjan W, Ralph J, Baucher M (2003) Lignin Biosynthesis. Annu Rev Plant Biol 54(1):519\u2013546","journal-title":"Annu Rev Plant Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00365615","volume":"11","author":"E Adler","year":"1977","unstructured":"Adler E (1977) Lignin chemistry-past, present and future. Wood Sci Technol 11(3):169\u2013218","journal-title":"Wood Sci Technol"},{"key":"12_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davin LB, Patten AM, Jourdes M, Lewis NG (2009) Lignins: a twenty-first century challenge. Biomass recalcitrance. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, London","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444305418.ch7"},{"key":"12_CR5","volume-title":"Pulp and paper chemistry and technology. Wood chemistry and wood biotechnology","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ek M, Gellerstedt G, Henriksson G (eds) (2009) Pulp and paper chemistry and technology. Wood chemistry and wood biotechnology, vol 1. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2009.11.012","volume":"71","author":"Chen Yr","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yr Chen, Sarkanen S (2010) Macromolecular replication during lignin biosynthesis. Phytochemistry 71(4):453\u2013462","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"12_CR7","unstructured":"Lewin M, Goldstein IS (eds) (1991) Wood structure and composition. Marcel Dekker, New York"},{"issue":"6","key":"12_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3467","DOI":"10.1021\/bm058014q","volume":"6","author":"M Lawoko","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lawoko M, Henriksson G, Gellerstedt G (2005) Structural differences between the lignin\u2014carbohydrate complexes present in wood and in chemical pulps. Biomacromolecules 6(6):3467\u20133473","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"9","key":"12_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4252","DOI":"10.1021\/jf010315d","volume":"49","author":"DV Evtuguin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Evtuguin DV, Neto CP, Silva AMS, Domingues PM, Amado FML, Robert D, Faix O (2001) Comprehensive study on the chemical structure of dioxane lignin from plantation Eucalyptus globulus wood. J Agric Food Chem 49(9):4252\u20134261","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"26","key":"12_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9777","DOI":"10.1021\/ie050760o","volume":"44","author":"PC Pinto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pinto PC, Evtuguin DV, Neto CP (2005) Effect of structural features of wood biopolymers on hardwood pulping and bleaching performance. Ind Eng Chem Res 44(26):9777\u20139784","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00171349","volume":"2","author":"AM Boudet","year":"1996","unstructured":"Boudet AM, Grima-Pettenati J (1996) Lignin genetic engineering. Mol Breeding 2(1):25\u201339","journal-title":"Mol Breeding"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/10409230391036757","volume":"38","author":"M Baucher","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baucher M, Halpin C, Petit-Conil MWB (2003) Lignin: genetic engineering and impact on pulping. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 38(4):305\u2013350","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"12_CR13","first-page":"115","volume":"15","author":"G Gellerstedt","year":"1984","unstructured":"Gellerstedt G, Lindfors E-L (1984) Structural changes in lignin during kraft cooking part 4. Phenolic hydroxyl groups in wood and kraft pulps. Svensk Papperstidn 15:115\u2013118","journal-title":"Svensk Papperstidn"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/02773818708085253","volume":"7","author":"G Gellerstedt","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gellerstedt G, Gustafsson K (1987) Structural changes in lignin during kraft cooking. Part 5. Analysis of dissolved lignin by oxidative degradation. J Wood Chem Technol 7(1):65\u201380","journal-title":"J Wood Chem Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1080\/02773810903207762","volume":"29","author":"AP Marques","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marques AP, Evtuguin DV, Magina S, Amado FML, Prates A (2009) Structure of Lignosulphonates from Acidic Magnesium-Based Sulphite Pulping of Eucalyptus globulus. J Wood ChemTechnol 29(4):337\u2013357","journal-title":"J Wood ChemTechnol"},{"key":"12_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robert DR, Bardet M, Gellerstedt Gr, Lindfors EL (1984) Structural changes in lignin during kraft cooking part 3. On the structure of dissolved lignins. J Wood Chem Technol 4(3):239\u2013263","DOI":"10.1080\/02773818408070647"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/02773819708003124","volume":"17","author":"G V\u00e1zquez","year":"1997","unstructured":"V\u00e1zquez G, Antorrena G, Gonz\u00e1lez J, Freire S (1997) The Influence of pulping conditions on the structure of acetosolv eucalyptus lignins. J Wood Chem Technol 17(1):147\u2013162","journal-title":"J Wood Chem Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00350807","volume":"19","author":"J Gierer","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gierer J (1985) Chemistry of delignification. Wood Sci Technol 19(4):289\u2013312. doi:10.1007\/bf00350807","journal-title":"Wood Sci Technol"},{"key":"12_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00702154","volume":"2","author":"VE Tarabanko","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tarabanko VE, Koropatchinskaya NV, Kudryashev AV, Kuznetsov BN (1995) Influence of lignin origin on the efficiency of the catalytic oxidation of lignin vanillin and syringaldehyde. Russ Chem Bull 2:367\u2013371","journal-title":"Russ Chem Bull"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1021\/ie102132a","volume":"50","author":"PR Pinto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pinto PR, Borges da Silva EA, Rodrigues AE (2011) Insights into oxidative conversion of lignin to high-added-value phenolic aldehydes. Ind Eng Chem Res 50(2):741\u2013748","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Res"},{"key":"12_CR21","unstructured":"Clayton D, Einspahr D, Easty D, Lonsky W, Malcolm E, McDonough T, Shroeder L, Thompson N (1987) Pulp and paper manufacture, vol 5. Alkaline pulping. Tappi and CPPA, Atlanta"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00383453","volume":"14","author":"J Gierer","year":"1980","unstructured":"Gierer J (1980) Chemical aspects of kraft pulping. Wood Sci Technol 14(4):241\u2013266","journal-title":"Wood Sci Technol"},{"key":"12_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lebo SE, Gargulak JD, McNally TJ (2000) Lignin. Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology. John Wiley & Sons, London","DOI":"10.1002\/0471238961.12090714120914.a01.pub2"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1515\/hfsg.1984.38.4.181","volume":"38","author":"J Gierer","year":"1984","unstructured":"Gierer J, W\u00e4nnstr\u00f6m S (1984) Formation of alkali-stahle c\u2013c-bonds between lignin and carbohydrate fragments during kraft pulping. Holzforschung 38(4):181\u2013184","journal-title":"Holzforschung"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/02773810009349637","volume":"20","author":"M Ragnar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ragnar M, Lindgren CT, Nilvebrant N-O (2000) pKa-values of guaiacyl and syringyl phenols related to lignin. J Wood Chem Technol 20(3):277\u2013305","journal-title":"J Wood Chem Technol"},{"key":"12_CR26","unstructured":"\u00d6hman F (2006) Precipitation and separation of lignin from kraft black liquor. Chalmers University of Technology, Gottenburg, Sweden"},{"key":"12_CR27","unstructured":"Tomani P, Axegard P (2007) Development and demonstration of the LignoBoost process. In: The ILI umbrella programme and other existing and new approaches in lignin research, ILI 8th forum, Rome, 10\u201312 May. The International Lignin Institute, pp 109\u2013113"},{"key":"#cr-split#-12_CR28.1","unstructured":"Tomani P (2008) Large scale lignin removal experiences. In: STFI-Packforsk"},{"key":"#cr-split#-12_CR28.2","unstructured":"(ed) 1st Nordic wood biorefinery conference (NWBC 2008), Stockholm, 11-13 March, pp 168-174"},{"key":"#cr-split#-12_CR29.1","unstructured":"Lindgren K, Alvarado F, Olander K, \u00d6hman F Potential lignin products from the wood biorefinery (2011) In: INNVENTIA"},{"key":"#cr-split#-12_CR29.2","unstructured":"(ed) The 3rd Nordic wood biorefinery conference (NWBC 2011), Stockholm, 22-24 March, pp 153-155"},{"key":"#cr-split#-12_CR30.1","unstructured":"Nordstr\u00f6m Y, Sj\u00f6holm E, Brodin I, Drougge R, Gellerstedt G, Lindfors E-L (2011) Lignin for carbon fibres In: INNVENTIA"},{"key":"#cr-split#-12_CR30.2","unstructured":"(ed) 3rd Nordic wood biorefinery conference (NWBC 2011), Stockholm, 22-24 March INNVENTIA, pp 156-160"},{"issue":"11","key":"12_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cherd.2008.06.003","volume":"86","author":"A-S J\u00f6nsson","year":"2008","unstructured":"J\u00f6nsson A-S, Nordin A-K, Wallberg O (2008) Concentration and purification of lignin in hardwood kraft pulping liquor by ultrafiltration and nanofiltration. Chem Eng Res Des 86(11):1271\u20131280","journal-title":"Chem Eng Res Des"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"12_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2005.11.011","volume":"195","author":"O Wallberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wallberg O, J\u00f6nsson A-S (2006) Separation of lignin in kraft cooking liquor from a continuous digester by ultrafiltration at temperatures above 100\u00b0C. Desalination 195(1\u20133):187\u2013200","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2009.10.024","volume":"71","author":"A Toledano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Toledano A, Garc\u00eda A, Mondragon I, Labidi J (2010) Lignin separation and fractionation by ultrafiltration. Sep Purif Technol 71(1):38\u201343","journal-title":"Sep Purif Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2009.10.056","volume":"157","author":"A Toledano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Toledano A, Serrano L, Garcia A, Mondragon I, Labidi J (2010) Comparative study of lignin fractionation by ultrafiltration and selective precipitation. Chem Eng J 157(1):93\u201399","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2004.04.015","volume":"20","author":"RJA Gosselink","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gosselink RJA, de Jong E, Guran B, Ab\u00e4cherli A (2004) Co-ordination network for lignin\u2013standardisation, production and applications adapted to market requirements (EUROLIGNIN). Ind Crop Prod 20(2):121\u2013129","journal-title":"Ind Crop Prod"},{"key":"12_CR36","unstructured":"Mathias AL (1993) Produ\u00e7\u00e3o de vanilina a partir da lenhina: estudo cin\u00e9tico e do processo (in Portuguese language). PhD, University of Porto"},{"key":"12_CR37","unstructured":"Adler E, H\u00e4gglund EKM (1954) Method of producing water-soluble products from black liquor lignin. United States patent 2680113"},{"key":"12_CR38","unstructured":"JE Holladay JE, Bozell JJ, White JF, Johnson D (2007) Results of screening for potential candidates from biorefinery lignin. Top value-added chemicals from biomass, vol II. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Richland"},{"key":"12_CR39","unstructured":"Meadwestvaco web page (2011) http:\/\/www.meadwestvaco.com\/SpecialtyChemicals\/index.htm. Accessed 21 May 2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1081\/WCT-120013356","volume":"22","author":"PC Pinto","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pinto PC, Evtuguin DV, Neto CP, Silvestre AJD, Amado FML (2002) Behavior of Eucalyptus globulus lignin during kraft pulping. II. Analysis by NMR, ESI\/MS and GPC. J Wood Chem Technol 22(2):109\u2013125","journal-title":"J Wood Chem Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1081\/WCT-120013355","volume":"22","author":"PC Pinto","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pinto PC, Evtuguin DV, Neto CP, Silvestre AJD (2002) Behavior of Eucalyptus globulus lignin during kraft pulping I. Analysis by chemical degradation methods. J Wood Chem Technol 22(2):93\u2013108","journal-title":"J Wood Chem Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1039\/b913602a","volume":"12","author":"M Nagy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nagy M, Kosa M, Theliander H, Ragauskas AJ (2010) Characterization of CO2 precipitated Kraft lignin to promote its utilization. Green Chem 12(1):31\u201334","journal-title":"Green Chem"},{"key":"12_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/0011-9164(87)90265-7","volume":"67","author":"FGN-D Wilde","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wilde FGN-D (1987) Recovery of lignosulphonate from a calcium bisulphite pulp mill effluent by ultrafiltration. Desalination 67:495\u2013505","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"issue":"11","key":"12_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2009.07.022","volume":"33","author":"JA Restolho","year":"2009","unstructured":"Restolho JA, Prates A, de Pinho MN, Afonso MD (2009) Sugars and lignosulphonates recovery from eucalyptus spent sulphite liquor by membrane processes. Biomass Bioenergy 33(11):1558\u20131566","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2004.09.017","volume":"174","author":"PK Bhattacharya","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bhattacharya PK, Todi RK, Tiwari M, Bhattacharjee C, Bhattacharjee S, Datta S (2005) Studies on ultrafiltration of spent sulfite liquor using various membranes for the recovery of lignosulphonates. Desalination 174(3):287\u2013297","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"issue":"7","key":"12_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2010.940","volume":"62","author":"M M\u00e4ntt\u00e4ri","year":"2010","unstructured":"M\u00e4ntt\u00e4ri M, Kallioinen M, Pihlajam\u00e4ki A, Nystr\u00f6m M (2010) Industrial membrane processes in the treatment of process waters and liquors. Water Sci Technol 62(7):1653\u20131660","journal-title":"Water Sci Technol"},{"key":"12_CR47","unstructured":"Heikkila H (1986) Production of pure sugars and lignosulfonates from sulfite spent liquor. United States patent 4631129"},{"key":"12_CR48","unstructured":"Brauns FE (1967) Recovery of lignosulfonates. United States patent 3297676"},{"key":"12_CR49","unstructured":"Hamala TSL, Koivvnen HST, Kontturi A-KK, Sarkkinen PVJ (1982) Process for recovering lignosulfates from spent sulfite liquor. Finland patent"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"12_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2010.04.043","volume":"360","author":"K Chakrabarty","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chakrabarty K, Saha P, Ghoshal AK (2010) Separation of lignosulfonate from its aqueous solution using emulsion liquid membrane. J Membr Sci 360(1\u20132):34\u201339","journal-title":"J Membr Sci"},{"key":"12_CR51","unstructured":"Evju H (1979) Process for preparation of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxibenzaldeyde. Norway patent"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1515\/HF.2005.066","volume":"59","author":"O Ringena","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ringena O, Saake B, Lehnen R (2005) Isolation and fractionation of lignosulfonates by amine extraction and ultrafiltration: a comparative study. Holzforschung 59(4):405\u2013412","journal-title":"Holzforschung"},{"key":"12_CR53","unstructured":"Borregard LignoTech web page (2011), http:\/\/www.lignotech.com\/eway\/default.aspx?pid=249&trg=MainPage_9490&MainPage_9490=9546:0. Accessed 23 May 2011"},{"key":"12_CR54","unstructured":"Lersch M (2011) Biorefining at Borregaard\u2014recent developments in the processing of lignocellulosics. In: The 3rd Nordic wood biorefinery conference (NWBC 2011), Stockholm, 22\u201324 March 2011, pp 109\u2013113"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR55","first-page":"569","volume":"31","author":"F Ismail","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ismail F, Mulholland DA, Marsh JJ (2005) An analysis of the water soluble components of Sappi Saiccor\u2019s effluent streams. Water SA 31(4):569\u2013574","journal-title":"Water SA"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR56","first-page":"33","volume":"37","author":"B Moodley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moodley B, Mulholland DA, Brookes HC (2011) The electro-oxidation of lignin in Sappi Saiccor dissolving pulp mill effluent. Water SA 37(1):33\u201340","journal-title":"Water SA"},{"key":"12_CR57","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6de A, Fr\u00f6lander A, Lersh M, R\u00f8dsrud G (2009) Lignocellulosic biomass conversion by sulfite pretreatment. International patent WO2010\/078930"},{"key":"12_CR58","volume-title":"Industrial lignin production and applications. Biorefineries-industrial processes and products","author":"EK Pye","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pye EK (2008) Industrial lignin production and applications. Biorefineries-industrial processes and products. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Germany"},{"key":"12_CR59","unstructured":"Marwedel T (2009) Vanillin from Borregaard gives small CO2 footprints\u2014Aroma Chemicals, available at web page http:\/\/www.borregaard.com\/eway\/default.aspx?pid=270&trg=MainLeft_12937&Main_12928=12937:0:15,4975:1:0:0:::0:0&MainLeft_12937=12539:25998::1:12939:6:::0:0. Borregaard website. Accessed 20 Feb 2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2006.02.008","volume":"565","author":"D Ekeberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ekeberg D, Gretland KS, Gustafsson J, Br\u00e5ten SM, Fredheim GE (2006) Characterisation of lignosulphonates and kraft lignin by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 565(1):121\u2013128","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1081\/WCT-120021925","volume":"23","author":"GE Fredheim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fredheim GE, Braaten SM, Christensen BE (2003) Comparison of molecular weight and molecular weight distributions of softwood and hardwood lignosulfonates. J Wood Chem Technol 23(2):197\u2013215","journal-title":"J Wood Chem Technol"},{"key":"12_CR62","volume-title":"Monomers, polymers and composites from renewable resources","author":"G Gellerstedt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gellerstedt G, Henriksson G (2008) Lignins: major sources, structure and properties. In: Belgacem MN, Gandini A (eds) Monomers, polymers and composites from renewable resources, 1st edn. Elsevier, Oxford","edition":"1"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1080\/02773810903207754","volume":"29","author":"AP Marques","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marques AP, Evtuguin DV, Magina S, Amado FML, Prates A (2009) Chemical composition of spent liquors from acidic magnesium-based sulphite pulping of Eucalyptus globulus. J Wood Chem Technol 29(4):322\u2013336","journal-title":"J Wood Chem Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1080\/02773810903207762","volume":"29","author":"AP Marques","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marques AP, Evtuguin DV, Magina S, Amado FML, Prates A (2009) Structure of lignosulphonates from acidic magnesium-based sulphite pulping of Eucalyptus globulus. J Wood Chem Technol 29(4):337\u2013357","journal-title":"J Wood Chem Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR65","first-page":"237","volume":"29","author":"B Moodley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Moodley B, Mulholland DA, Marsh JJ (2003) The characterisation of organic components in the calcium and magnesium effluent streams at Sappi Saiccor. Water SA 29(3):237\u2013240","journal-title":"Water SA"},{"key":"12_CR66","unstructured":"McDonough J (1992) The chemistry of organosolv delignification. Technical paper series, vol 455. Institute of paper science and technology, Atlanta"},{"issue":"10","key":"12_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2009.07.007","volume":"94","author":"R El Hage","year":"2009","unstructured":"El Hage R, Brosse N, Chrusciel L, Sanchez C, Sannigrahi P, Ragauskas A (2009) Characterization of milled wood lignin and ethanol organosolv lignin from Miscanthus. Polym Degrad Stab 94(10):1632\u20131638","journal-title":"Polym Degrad Stab"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1385\/ABAB:123:1-3:0871","volume":"123","author":"C Arato","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arato C, Pye E, Gjennestad G (2005) The lignol approach to biorefining of woody biomass to produce ethanol and chemicals. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 123(1):871\u2013882","journal-title":"Appl Biochem Biotechnol"},{"key":"12_CR69","unstructured":"Schmiedl D, Unkelbach G, Graf J, Schweppe R (2009) Studies in catalyzed hydrothermal degradation processes on sulphur-free lignin and extractive separation of aromatic SYNTHONs. In: Nordic wood and biorefinery conference (NWBC 2009), Helsinky, Finland, 2\u20134 Sept, pp 189\u2013196"},{"issue":"23","key":"12_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12156","DOI":"10.1021\/ie101671r","volume":"49","author":"D-E Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim D-E, Pan X (2010) Preliminary study on converting hybrid poplar to high-value chemicals and lignin using organosolv ethanol process. Ind Eng Chem Res 49(23):12156\u201312163","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Res"},{"key":"12_CR71","unstructured":"Kleinert TN (1971) Organosolv pulping and recovery process. United States patent 3585104"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR72","first-page":"113","volume":"74","author":"EK Pye","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pye EK, Lora JH (1991) The Alcell process a proven alternative to kraft pulping. Tappi J 74(3):113\u2013118","journal-title":"Tappi J"},{"key":"12_CR73","unstructured":"Lignol web page (2011) http:\/\/www.lignol.ca\/about.html. Accessed 20 May 2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.20453","volume":"90","author":"X Pan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pan X, Arato C, Gilkes N, Gregg D, Mabee W, Pye K, Xiao Z, Zhang X, Saddler J (2005) Biorefining of softwoods using ethanol organosolv pulping: preliminary evaluation of process streams for manufacture of fuel-grade ethanol and co-products. Biotechnol Bioeng 90(4):473\u2013481","journal-title":"Biotechnol Bioeng"},{"key":"12_CR75","unstructured":"Michels J, Wagemann K (2011) The German lignocellulose feedstock biorefinery project. In: The 3rd Nordic wood biorefinery conference (NWBC 2011), Stockholm, 22\u201324 March 2011, pp 70\u201375"},{"key":"12_CR76","unstructured":"Lignovalue project web page (2011), http:\/\/www.biobased.nl\/lignovalue. Accessed May 2011"},{"key":"12_CR77","unstructured":"Lehnen R, Heitmann M, Fl\u00f6totto A (2011) Organosolv lignin in phenol formaldehyde resins\u2014evaluation of curing behaviour and wood bonding effectiveness. In: The 3rd Nordic wood biorefinery conference (NWBC 2011), Stockholm, 22\u201324 March, pp 187\u2013192"},{"key":"12_CR78","unstructured":"Schweppe R, Unkelbach G, Fehrenbacher U (2009) Transformation of lignocellulose into aromatic building blocks. Paper presented at the Biorefinica 2009, Biobased products and biorefineries, Osnabr\u00fcck, 27-28 Jan"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0961-9534(97)00030-5","volume":"13","author":"RW Thring","year":"1997","unstructured":"Thring RW, Vanderlaan MN, Griffin SL (1997) Polyurethanes from Alcell\u00ae lignin. Biomass Bioenergy 13(3):125\u2013132","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"12_CR80","unstructured":"Cateto CA, Barreiro MF, Rodrigues AE, Belgacem MN (2011) Lignin-based polyurethane elastomers. In: The 3rd Nordic wood biorefinery conference (NWBC 2011), Stockholm, 22\u201324 March, pp 334\u2013335"},{"issue":"15","key":"12_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6223(02)00248-8","volume":"40","author":"JF Kadla","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kadla JF, Kubo S, Venditti RA, Gilbert RD, Compere AL, Griffith W (2002) Lignin-based carbon fibers for composite fiber applications. Carbon 40(15):2913\u20132920","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1166\/jbmb.2009.1001","volume":"3","author":"MN Satheesh Kumar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Satheesh Kumar MN, Mohanty AK, Erickson L, Misra M (2009) Lignin and its applications with polymers. Journal Biobased Mater Bioenergy 3(1):1\u201324","journal-title":"Journal Biobased Mater Bioenergy"},{"issue":"5","key":"12_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3008","DOI":"10.1002\/app.28393","volume":"109","author":"CA Cateto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cateto CA, Barreiro MF, Rodrigues AE, Brochier-Salon MC, Thielemans W, Belgacem MN (2008) Lignins as macromonomers for polyurethane synthesis: a comparative study on hydroxyl group determination. J Appl Polym Sci 109(5):3008\u20133017","journal-title":"J Appl Polym Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"12_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-2361(96)00036-1","volume":"75","author":"RW Thring","year":"1996","unstructured":"Thring RW, Breau J (1996) Hydrocracking of solvolysis lignin in a batch reactor. Fuel 75(7):795\u2013800","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR85","first-page":"105","volume":"17","author":"W Sridach","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sridach W (2010) The environmentally benign pulping process of non-wood fibers. Suranaree J Sci Technol 17(2):105\u2013123","journal-title":"Suranaree J Sci Technol"},{"key":"12_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470697474","volume-title":"The biorefinery concept\u2013an integrated approach. Introduction to chemicals from biomass","author":"JH Clark","year":"2008","unstructured":"Clark JH, Deswarte FEI (2008) The biorefinery concept\u2013an integrated approach. Introduction to chemicals from biomass. John Wiley & Sons, New Delhi"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1021\/ef700631w","volume":"22","author":"M Kleinert","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kleinert M, Barth T (2008) Towards a lignincellulosic biorefinery: direct one-step conversion of lignin to hydrogen-enriched biofuel. Energy & Fuels 22(2):1371\u20131379","journal-title":"Energy & Fuels"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/ceat.201000270","volume":"34","author":"MP Pandey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pandey MP, Kim CS (2011) Lignin depolymerization and conversion: a review of thermochemical methods. Chem Eng Technol 34(1):29\u201341","journal-title":"Chem Eng Technol"},{"issue":"7","key":"12_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.200800080","volume":"1","author":"N Yan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yan N, Zhao C, Dyson PJ, Wang C, Liu L-t, Kou Y (2008) Selective degradation of wood lignin over noble-metal catalysts in a two-step process. Chemsuschem 1(7):626\u2013629","journal-title":"Chemsuschem"},{"issue":"6","key":"12_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3552","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900354u","volume":"110","author":"J Zakzeski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zakzeski J, Bruijnincx PCA, Jongerius AL, Weckhuysen BM (2010) The catalytic valorization of lignin for the production of renewable chemicals. Chem Rev 110(6):3552\u20133599","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"12_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1021\/ed074p1055","volume":"74","author":"MB Hocking","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hocking MB (1997) Vanillin: synthetic flavoring from spent sulfite liquor. J Chem Educ 74(9):1055","journal-title":"J Chem Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1021\/op010087o","volume":"6","author":"H-R Bj\u00f8rsvik","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bj\u00f8rsvik H-R, Liguori L (2002) Organic processes to pharmaceutical chemicals based on fine chemicals from lignosulfonates. Org Process Res Dev 6(3):279\u2013290","journal-title":"Org Process Res Dev"},{"key":"12_CR93","unstructured":"Vanillin squeezed by cost pressures (2006) Reed Business Information Limited. http:\/\/www.icis.com\/Articles\/2006\/06\/10\/2014671\/vanillin-squeezed-by-cost-pressures.html. Accessed 20 May 2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0010(200002)80:3<289::AID-JSFA543>3.0.CO;2-2","volume":"80","author":"S Ramachandra Rao","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ramachandra Rao S, Ravishankar GA (2000) Vanilla flavour: production by conventional and biotechnological routes. J Sci Food Agric 80(3):289\u2013304","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"issue":"5","key":"12_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(03)00149-3","volume":"63","author":"NJ Walton","year":"2003","unstructured":"Walton NJ, Mayer MJ, Narbad A (2003) Vanillin. Phytochemistry 63(5):505\u2013515","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"12_CR96","unstructured":"Sandborn LR, Salvesen JR, Howard GC (1936) Process of making vanillin. United States patent 2057117"},{"issue":"10","key":"12_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1021\/ed035p502","volume":"35","author":"IA Pearl","year":"1958","unstructured":"Pearl IA (1958) Lignin as a raw material for the production of pure chemicals. J Chem Educ 35(10):502","journal-title":"J Chem Educ"},{"key":"12_CR98","unstructured":"Hibbert H, Tomlinson GJ (1937) Manufacture of vanillin from waste sulphite pulp liquor. United States patent 2069185"},{"key":"12_CR99","unstructured":"Thiel L, Hendricks F (2004) Study into the establishment of an aroma and fragrance fine chemicals value chain in South Africa, Part III: Aroma Chemicals derived from petrochemical feedstocks, tender number T79\/07\/03. Government tender bulletins. National Economic Development and Labor Council, Available from: http:\/\/www.nedlac.org.za\/research\/fridge-studies\/fine-chemicals.aspx"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"12_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s002530100687","volume":"56","author":"H Priefert","year":"2001","unstructured":"Priefert H, Rabenhorst J, Steinbuchel A (2001) Biotechnological production of vanillin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 56(3\u20134):296\u2013314","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"6","key":"12_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BILE.0000019576.80594.0e","volume":"26","author":"J Schrader","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schrader J, Etschmann MMW, Sell D, Hilmer JM, Rabenhorst J (2004) Applied biocatalysis for the synthesis of natural flavour compounds\u2014current industrial processes and future prospects. Biotechnol Lett 26(6):463\u2013472","journal-title":"Biotechnol Lett"},{"key":"12_CR102","unstructured":"Rhodia web page (2011) http:\/\/www.rhodia.com\/en\/markets_and_products\/leading_brands\/silcea_rhovanil_natural.tcm. Accessed 20 May 2011"},{"issue":"13","key":"12_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3531","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00039a006","volume":"57","author":"PS Manchand","year":"1992","unstructured":"Manchand PS, Rosen P, Belica PS, Oliva GV, Perrotta AV, Wong HS (1992) Syntheses of antibacterial 2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidines. Ormetoprim and trimethoprim. J Org Chem 57(13):3531\u20133535","journal-title":"J Org Chem"},{"key":"12_CR104","unstructured":"Manchand P (1978) Process for preparing 2,4-diamino-5-(substituted benzyl)-pyrimidines"},{"issue":"7","key":"12_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00765001","volume":"24","author":"YV Erofeev","year":"1990","unstructured":"Erofeev YV, Afanas\u2019eva VL, Glushkov RG (1990) Synthetic routes to 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde. Pharm Chem J 24(7):501\u2013510 review","journal-title":"Pharm Chem J"},{"key":"12_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1139\/v53-064","volume":"31","author":"JM Pepper","year":"1953","unstructured":"Pepper JM, MacDonald JA (1953) The synthesis of syringaldehyde from vanillin. Can J Chem 31:476\u2013483","journal-title":"Can J Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"12_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01185a020","volume":"70","author":"IA Pearl","year":"1948","unstructured":"Pearl IA (1948) Synthesis of syringaldehyde. J Am Chem Soc 70(5):1746\u20131748","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"12_CR108","first-page":"379","volume":"49","author":"AK Tripathi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tripathi AK, Sama JK, Taneja SC (2010) An expeditious synthesis of syringaldehyde from para-cresol. Indian J Chem 49:379\u2013381 Section B","journal-title":"Indian J Chem"},{"key":"12_CR109","unstructured":"Marshall HB, Vincent DL (1978) Production of syringaldehyde from hardwood waste pulping liquors. United States patent 4075248"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1021\/ie00027a034","volume":"33","author":"G Wu","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wu G, Heitz M, Chornet E (1994) Improved alkaline oxidation process for the production of aldehydes (vanillin and syringaldehyde) from steam-explosion hardwood lignin. Ind Eng Chem Res 33(3):718\u2013723","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Res"},{"issue":"20","key":"12_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6627","DOI":"10.1021\/ie0601697","volume":"45","author":"FG Sales","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sales FG, Maranh\u00e3o LCA, Lima Filho NM, Abreu CAM (2006) Kinetic evaluation and modeling of lignin catalytic wet oxidation to selective production of aromatic aldehydes. Ind Eng Chem Res 45(20):6627\u20136631","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Res"},{"key":"12_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-66322004000200010","volume":"21","author":"FG Sales","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sales FG, Abreu CAM, Pereira JAFR (2004) Catalytic wet-air oxidation of lignin in a three-phase reactor with aromatic aldehyde production. Brazilian J Chem Eng 21:211\u2013218","journal-title":"Brazilian J Chem Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1021\/ie101402t","volume":"50","author":"SG Santos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Santos SG, Marques AP, Lima DLD, Evtuguin DV, Esteves VI (2011) Kinetics of Eucalypt lignosulfonate oxidation to aromatic aldehydes by oxygen in alkaline medium. Ind Eng Chem Res 50(1):291\u2013298","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Res"},{"issue":"22","key":"12_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2009.09.088","volume":"19","author":"CY Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee CY, Sharma A, Cheong JE, Nelson JL (2009) Synthesis and antioxidant properties of dendritic polyphenols. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 19(22):6326\u20136330","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"issue":"18\u201320","key":"12_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2007.02.018","volume":"62","author":"FG Sales","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sales FG, Maranh\u00e3o LCA, Filho NML, Abreu CAM (2007) Experimental evaluation and continuous catalytic process for fine aldehyde production from lignin. Chem Eng Sci 62(18\u201320):5386\u20135391","journal-title":"Chem Eng Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1021\/ie950267k","volume":"35","author":"C Fargues","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fargues C, Mathias A, Rodrigues A (1996) Kinetics of vanillin production from kraft lignin oxidation. Ind Eng Chem Res 35(1):28\u201336","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.280640303","volume":"64","author":"AL Mathias","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mathias AL, Lopretti MI, Rodrigues AE (1995) Chemical and biological oxidation of Pinus-Pinaster lignin for the production of vanillin. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 64(3):225\u2013234","journal-title":"J Chem Technol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1515\/hfsg.1995.49.3.273","volume":"49","author":"AL Mathias","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mathias AL, Rodrigues AE (1995) Production of vanillin by oxidation of pine kraft lignins with oxygen. Holzforschung 49(3):273\u2013278","journal-title":"Holzforschung"},{"key":"12_CR119","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo JD (2008) Production of vanillin from lignin present in the Kraft black liquor of the pulp and paper industry, PhD thesis. University of Porto"},{"key":"12_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2009.07.016","volume":"147","author":"JDP Ara\u00fajo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo JDP, Grande CA, Rodrigues AE (2009) Structured packed bubble column reactor for continuous production of vanillin from kraft lignin oxidation. Catal Today 147:S330\u2013S335","journal-title":"Catal Today"},{"issue":"8A","key":"12_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cherd.2010.01.021","volume":"88","author":"JDP Ara\u00fajo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo JDP, Grande CA, Rodrigues AE (2010) Vanillin production from lignin oxidation in a batch reactor. Chem Eng Res Des 88(8A):1024\u20131032","journal-title":"Chem Eng Res Des"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"12_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2005.06.044","volume":"105","author":"P Sridhar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sridhar P, Araujo JD, Rodrigues AE (2005) Modeling of vanillin production in a structured bubble column reactor. Catal Today 105(3\u20134):574\u2013581","journal-title":"Catal Today"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s002260100089","volume":"35","author":"JC Villar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Villar JC, Caperos A, Garcia-Ochoa F (2001) Oxidation of hardwood kraft-lignin to phenolic derivatives with oxygen as oxidant. Wood Sci Technol 35(3):245\u2013255","journal-title":"Wood Sci Technol"},{"issue":"8","key":"12_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules14082747","volume":"14","author":"J Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang J, Deng H, Lin L (2009) Wet Aerobic Oxidation of Lignin into aromatic aldehydes catalysed by a Perovskite-type oxide: LaFe1-xCuxO3 (x\u00a0=\u00a00, 0.1, 0.2). Molecules 14(8):2747\u20132757","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"12_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1385\/ABAB:91-93:1-9:71","volume":"91\u20133","author":"Q Xiang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Xiang Q, Lee YY (2001) Production of oxychemicals from precipitated hardwood lignin. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 91\u20133:71\u201380","journal-title":"Appl Biochem Biotechnol"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1021\/ie901293p","volume":"49","author":"T Voill","year":"2010","unstructured":"Voill T, von Rohr PR (2010) Demonstration of a process for the conversion of kraft lignin into vanillin and methyl vanillate by acidic oxidation in aqueous methanol. Ind Eng Chem Res 49(2):520\u2013525","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-007-8120-0","volume":"148","author":"G Labat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Labat G, Gon\u00e7alves A (2008) Oxidation in acidic medium of lignins from agricultural residues. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 148(1):151\u2013161","journal-title":"Appl Biochem Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/adsc.200800614","volume":"351","author":"W Partenheimer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Partenheimer W (2009) The aerobic oxidative cleavage of lignin to produce hydroxyaromatic benzaldehydes and carboxylic acids via metal\/bromide catalysts in acetic acid\/water mixtures. Adv Synth Catal 351(3):456\u2013466","journal-title":"Adv Synth Catal"},{"issue":"6","key":"12_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.200900242","volume":"3","author":"K Stark","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stark K, Taccardi N, Bosmann A, Wasserscheid P (2010) Oxidative depolymerization of lignin in ionic liquids. Chemsuschem 3(6):719\u2013723","journal-title":"Chemsuschem"},{"issue":"7","key":"12_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1039\/c001389g","volume":"12","author":"J Zakzeski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zakzeski J, Jongerius AL, Weckhuysen BM (2010) Transition metal catalyzed oxidation of Alcell lignin, soda lignin, and lignin model compounds in ionic liquids. Green Chem 12(7):1225\u20131236","journal-title":"Green Chem"},{"issue":"10","key":"12_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1039\/b604483m","volume":"8","author":"JH Clark","year":"2006","unstructured":"Clark JH, Budarin V, Deswarte FEI, Hardy JJE, Kerton FM, Hunt AJ, Luque R, Macquarrie DJ, Milkowski K, Rodriguez A, Samuel O, Tavener SJ, White RJ, Wilson AJ (2006) Green chemistry and the biorefinery: a partnership for a sustainable future. Green Chem 8(10):853\u2013860","journal-title":"Green Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010553118997","volume":"72","author":"VE Tarabanko","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tarabanko VE, Pervishina EP, Hendogina YV (2001) Kinetics of aspen wood oxidation by oxygen in alkaline media. React Kinet Catal Lett 72(1):153\u2013162","journal-title":"React Kinet Catal Lett"},{"issue":"9A","key":"12_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cherd.2009.05.008","volume":"87","author":"EA Borges da Silva","year":"2009","unstructured":"Borges da Silva EA, Zabkova M, Araujo JD, Cateto CA, Barreiro MF, Belgacem MN, Rodriques AE (2009) An integrated process to produce vanillin and lignin-based polyurethanes from kraft lignin. Chem Eng Res Des 87(9A):1276\u20131292","journal-title":"Chem Eng Res Des"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2006.10.027","volume":"55","author":"M Zabkova","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zabkova M, Borges da Silva EA, Rodrigues AE (2007) Recovery of vanillin from kraft lignin oxidation by ion-exchange with neutralization. Sep Purif Technol 55(1):56\u201368","journal-title":"Sep Purif Technol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"12_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2007.06.025","volume":"301","author":"M Zabkova","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zabkova M, Borges da Silva EA, Rodrigues AE (2007) Recovery of vanillin from lignin\/vanillin mixture by using tubular ceramic ultrafiltration membranes. J Membr Sci 301(1\u20132):221\u2013237","journal-title":"J Membr Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2009.02.010","volume":"66","author":"MNM Ibrahim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ibrahim MNM, Sipaut CS, Yusof NNM (2009) Purification of vanillin by a molecular imprinting polymer technique. Sep Purif Technol 66(3):450\u2013456","journal-title":"Sep Purif Technol"},{"issue":"11","key":"12_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1002\/clen.201000078","volume":"38","author":"ZJ Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang ZJ, Chen KF, Li J, Wang QQ, Guo J (2010) Separation of vanillin and syringaldehyde from oxygen delignification spent liquor by macroporous resin adsorption. Clean-Soil Air Water 38(11):1074\u20131079","journal-title":"Clean-Soil Air Water"},{"issue":"7","key":"12_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cep.2006.01.005","volume":"45","author":"M Zabkova","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zabkova M, Otero M, Minceva M, Zabka M, Rodrigues AE (2006) Separation of synthetic vanillin at different pH onto polymeric adsorbent Sephabeads SP206. Chem Eng Process 45(7):598\u2013607","journal-title":"Chem Eng Process"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02075847","volume":"55","author":"VE Tarabanko","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tarabanko VE, Fomova NA, Kuznetsov BN, Ivanchenko NM, Kudryashev AV (1995) On the mechanism of vanillin formation in the catalytic oxidation of lignin with oxygen. React Kinet Catal Lett 55(1):161\u2013170","journal-title":"React Kinet Catal Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1023\/B:KICA.0000038087.95130.a5","volume":"45","author":"VE Tarabanko","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tarabanko VE, Petukhov DV, Selyutin GE (2004) New mechanism for the catalytic oxidation of lignin to vanillin. Kinet Catal 45(4):569\u2013577","journal-title":"Kinet Catal"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005620521240","volume":"69","author":"VE Tarabanko","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tarabanko VE, Hendogina YV, Petuhov DV, Pervishina EP (2000) On the role of retroaldol reaction in the process of lignin oxidation into vanillin. Kinetics of the vanillideneacetone cleavage in alkaline media. React Kinet Catal Lett 69(2):361\u2013368","journal-title":"React Kinet Catal Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR142","first-page":"559","volume":"69","author":"VE Tarabanko","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tarabanko VE, Kudryashev AV, Kuznetsov BN, Gulbis GR, Koropachinskaya NV, Ivanchenko NM (1996) Catalytic oxidation of lignosulfonates into vanillin and syringaldehyde in a flow-type setup. Russ J Appl Chem 69(4):559\u2013563","journal-title":"Russ J Appl Chem"},{"key":"12_CR143","first-page":"510","volume":"80","author":"J Gierer","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gierer J, Imsgard F (1977) The reactions of lignins with oxygen and hydrogen peroxide in alkaline media. Svensk Papperstidn 80:510\u2013518","journal-title":"Svensk Papperstidn"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00350641","volume":"8","author":"K Kratzl","year":"1974","unstructured":"Kratzl K, Claus P, Lonsky W, Gratzl JS (1974) Model studies on reactions occurring in oxidations of lignin with molecular oxygen in alkaline media. Wood Sci Technol 8(1):35\u201349","journal-title":"Wood Sci Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1515\/hfsg.1982.36.2.55","volume":"36","author":"J Gierer","year":"1982","unstructured":"Gierer J (1982) The chemistry of delignification\u2014a general concept\u2014part II. Holzforschung 36(2):55\u201364","journal-title":"Holzforschung"},{"key":"12_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.3891\/acta.chem.scand.31b-0561","volume":"31","author":"J Gierer","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gierer J, Imsgard F, Nor\u00e9n I (1977) Studies on the degradation of phenolic lignin units of the \u03b2-aryl ether type with oxygen in alkaline media. Acta Chem Scand B 31:561\u2013572","journal-title":"Acta Chem Scand B"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-386X(98)00060-7","volume":"50","author":"D Tromans","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tromans D (1998) Oxygen solubility modeling in inorganic solutions: concentration, temperature and pressure effects. Hydrometallurgy 50(3):279\u2013296","journal-title":"Hydrometallurgy"},{"key":"12_CR148","unstructured":"Marshall HB, Sankey AC (1951) Method of producing vanillin. United States patent 2544999"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/ceat.270190206","volume":"19","author":"C Fargues","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fargues C, Mathias A, Silva J, Rodrigues A (1996) Kinetics of vanillin oxidation. Chem Eng Technol 19(2):127\u2013136","journal-title":"Chem Eng Technol"},{"key":"12_CR150","unstructured":"Collis BC (1954) Manufacture of vanillin from lignin. United States patent 2692291"},{"key":"12_CR151","unstructured":"Ji Y (2007) Kinetics and mechanism of oxygen delignification PhD, The University of Maine"},{"key":"12_CR152","unstructured":"Marshall HB, Sankey AC (1950) Method of producing vanillin. United States patent 2516827"},{"key":"12_CR153","first-page":"62","volume":"11\u201312","author":"AE Rodrigues","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rodrigues AE, Araujo JDP (2002) Production of vanillin from lignin. Actualite Chimique 11\u201312:62\u201363","journal-title":"Actualite Chimique"},{"issue":"23","key":"12_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12311","DOI":"10.1021\/ie101680s","volume":"49","author":"PC Pinto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pinto PC, Borges da Silva EA, Rodrigues AE (2010) Comparative study of solid-phase extraction and liquid\u2013liquid extraction of lignin oxidation products for HPLC-UV quantification. Ind Eng Chem Res 49(23):12311\u201312318","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"12_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1021\/op9900028","volume":"3","author":"H-R Bj\u00f8rsvik","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bj\u00f8rsvik H-R, Minisci F (1999) Fine chemicals from lignosulfonates. 1. Synthesis of vanillin by oxidation of lignosulfonates. Org Process Res Dev 3(5):330\u2013340","journal-title":"Org Process Res Dev"},{"issue":"5","key":"12_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1515\/hfsg.1995.49.5.423","volume":"49","author":"Y Tsutsumi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tsutsumi Y, Kondo R, Sakai K, Imamura H (1995) The difference of reactivity between syringyl lignin and guaiacyl lignin in alkaline systems. Holzforschung 49(5):423\u2013428","journal-title":"Holzforschung"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/02773819108050276","volume":"11","author":"VS Sultanov","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sultanov VS, Wallis AFA (1991) Reactivities of guaiacyl and syringyl lignin model phenols towards oxidation with oxygen-alkali. J Wood Chem Technol 11(3):291\u2013305","journal-title":"J Wood Chem Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"12_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1021\/op9900030","volume":"3","author":"H-R Bj\u00f8rsvik","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bj\u00f8rsvik H-R, Norman K (1999) Fine chemicals from lignosulfonates. 2. Synthesis of veratric acid from acetovanillon. Org Process Res Dev 3(5):341\u2013346","journal-title":"Org Process Res Dev"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"12_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-5861(02)00071-8","volume":"75","author":"BN Kuznetsov","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kuznetsov BN, Kuznetsova SA, Danilov VG, Kozlov IA, Tarabanko VE, Ivanchenko NM, Alexandrova NB (2002) New catalytic processes for a sustainable chemistry of cellulose production from wood biomass. Catal Today 75(1\u20134):211\u2013217","journal-title":"Catal Today"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.5.3.1509-1516","volume":"5","author":"Z Wong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wong Z, Chen K, Li J (2010) Formation of vanillin and syringaldehyde in an oxygen delignification process. Bioresour Technol 5(3):1509\u20131516","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00350692","volume":"20","author":"J Gierer","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gierer J (1986) Chemistry of delignification. Wood Sci Technol 20(1):1\u201333","journal-title":"Wood Sci Technol"},{"key":"12_CR162","unstructured":"Sandborn L, Howard GC (1938) Process of making vanillin. United States patent 2104701"},{"key":"12_CR163","unstructured":"Bryan CC (1955) Propanol extraction of sodium vanillinate. United States patent 2721221"},{"key":"12_CR164","unstructured":"Bauer K, Brandt H-W, Schroter J (1978) Carrier-vapor distillation. United States patent 4090922"},{"key":"12_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.17516\/1997-1389-0196","volume":"3","author":"KL Kaygorodov","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kaygorodov KL, Chelbina YV, Tarabanko VE, Tarabanko NV (2010) Extraction of vanillin by aliphatic alcohols. J Siberian Fed Univ-Chem 3:228\u2013233","journal-title":"J Siberian Fed Univ-Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1021\/i300021a023","volume":"25","author":"KG Forss","year":"1986","unstructured":"Forss KG, Talka ET, Fremer KE (1986) Isolation of vanillin from alkaline oxidized spent sulfite liquor. Ind Eng Chem Product Res Dev 25(1):103\u2013108","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Product Res Dev"},{"key":"12_CR167","unstructured":"Forss KG, Talka ET, Fremer K-E (1981) Method for the isolation of vanillin from lignin in alkaline solutions. United States patent 4277626"},{"key":"12_CR168","unstructured":"Logan CD (1965) Cyclic process for recovering vanillin and sodium values from lignosulphonic waste liquors by ion exchange. United States patent 3197359"},{"key":"12_CR169","unstructured":"Evju H (1979) Process for preparation of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. United States patent 4151207"},{"key":"12_CR170","unstructured":"Klemola A, Tuovinen J (1989) Method for the production of vanillin. United States patent 4847422"},{"key":"12_CR171","unstructured":"Coenen H, Konrad R (1990) Process for the extraction of vanillin. United States patent 4898990"},{"key":"12_CR172","unstructured":"Schoeffel EW (1962) Vanillin purification. United States patent 3049566"},{"key":"12_CR173","unstructured":"Makin EC (1984) Purification of vanillin. United States patent 4474994"},{"key":"12_CR174","unstructured":"Major FW, Nicolle FMA (1977) Vanillin recovery process. United States patent 4021493"},{"issue":"5","key":"12_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1021\/ie801251r","volume":"48","author":"CA Cateto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cateto CA, Barreiro MF, Rodrigues AE, Belgacem MN (2009) Optimization study of lignin oxypropylation in view of the preparation of polyurethane rigid foams. Ind Eng Chem Res 48(5):2583\u20132589","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Res"}],"container-title":["Biomass Conversion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-642-28418-2_12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T09:01:14Z","timestamp":1713949274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-642-28418-2_12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"ISBN":["9783642284175","9783642284182"],"references-count":178,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-28418-2_12","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 May 2012","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}