{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T09:13:09Z","timestamp":1771665189843,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Singapore","reference-count":102,"publisher":"Springer Singapore","isbn-type":[{"value":"9789811002328","type":"print"},{"value":"9789811002342","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-0234-2_7","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,22]],"date-time":"2016-01-22T10:32:11Z","timestamp":1453458731000},"page":"231-260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Carbon Nanofibres and Nanotubes for Composite Applications"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Maria C.","family":"Paiva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Covas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"7_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnnfm.2005.01.008","volume":"128","author":"M Abdel-Goad","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abdel-Goad M, Potschke P (2005) Rheological characterization of melt processed polycarbonate multiwalled carbon nanotube Composites. J Non-Newton Fluid Mech 128:2\u20136","journal-title":"J Non-Newton Fluid Mech"},{"key":"7_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2008.09.039","volume":"47","author":"MH Al-Saleh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Al-Saleh MH, Sundararaj U (2009) A review of vapor grown carbon nanofiber\/polymer conductive composites. Carbon 47:2\u201322","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"7_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2011.10.063","volume":"53","author":"I Alig","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alig I, P\u00f6tschke P, Lellinger D, Skipa T, Pegel S, Kasaliwal G, Villmow T (2012) Establishment, morphology and properties of carbon nanotube networks in polymer melts. Polymer 53:4\u201328","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"7_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3090","DOI":"10.1002\/app.25674","volume":"104","author":"A Anand","year":"2007","unstructured":"Anand A, Agarwal U, Rani J (2007) CNT\u2013reinforced PET nanocomposite by melt compounding. J Appl Polym Sci 104:3090\u20133095","journal-title":"J Appl Polym Sci"},{"key":"7_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6479","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06479","volume":"4","author":"B Arash","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arash B, Wang Q, Varadan VK (2014) Mechanical properties of carbon nanotube\/polymer composites. Sci Rep 4:6479","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24535","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ra42422g","volume":"3","author":"RF Ara\u00fajo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo RF, Silva CJ, Paiva MC, Melle-Franco M, Proen\u00e7a MF (2013) Efficient dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in aqueous solution by non-covalent interaction with perylene bisimides. RSC Adv 3:24535\u201324542","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9517(72)90032-2","volume":"26","author":"RTK Baker","year":"1972","unstructured":"Baker RTK, Barber MA, Harris PS, Feates FS, Waite RJ (1972) Nucleation and growth of carbon deposits from the nickel catalyzed decomposition of acetylene. J Catal 26(1):51\u201362","journal-title":"J Catal"},{"key":"7_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ceat.201300303","volume":"37","author":"JM Barbas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barbas JM, Machado AV, Covas JA (2014) Processing conditions effect on dispersion evolution in a twin screw extruder: polypropylene-clay nanocomposites. Chem Eng Technol 37:1\u201311","journal-title":"Chem Eng Technol"},{"key":"7_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2008.06.018","volume":"69","author":"W Bauhofer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bauhofer W, Kovacs JZ (2009) A review and analysis of electrical percolation in carbon nanotube polymer composites. Comp Sci Technol 69:1486\u20131498","journal-title":"Comp Sci Technol"},{"key":"7_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-3861(03)00073-9","volume":"44","author":"AR Bhattacharyya","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya AR, Sreekumar TV, Liu T, Kumar S, Ericson LM, Hauge RH (2003) Crystallization and orientation studies in polypropylene\/single wall carbon nanotube composite. Polymer 44:2373\u20132377","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"7_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1002\/macp.200500231","volume":"206","author":"AR Bhattacharyya","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya AR, Potschke P, Haubler L, Fischer D (2005) Reactive compatibilization of melt mixed PA6\/SWNT composites: mechanical properties and morphology. Macromol Chem Phys 206:2084\u20132095","journal-title":"Macromol Chem Phys"},{"key":"7_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2010.01.044","volume":"51","author":"S Bose","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bose S, Khare RA, Moldenaers P (2010) Assessing the strengths and weaknesses of various types of pre-treatments of carbon nanotubes on the properties of polymer\/carbon nanotubes composites: a critical review. Polymer 51:975\u2013993","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"7_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/pc.20058","volume":"25","author":"O Breuer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Breuer O, Sundararaj U (2004) Big returns from small fibers: a review of polymer\/carbon nanotube composites. Polym Compos 25:630\u2013645","journal-title":"Polym Compos"},{"key":"7_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1177\/0892705711417032","volume":"25","author":"OS Carneiro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carneiro OS, Covas JA, Reis R, Brul\u00e9 B, Flat JJ (2012) The effect of processing conditions on the characteristics of electrically conductive thermoplastic composites. J Thermoplast Compos Mat 25:607\u2013629","journal-title":"J Thermoplast Compos Mat"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2011.12.012","volume":"72","author":"Delphine Carponcin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carponcin D, Dantras E, Aridon G, Levallois F, Cadiergues L, Lacabanne C (2012) Evolution of dispersion of carbon nanotubes in Polyamide 11 matrix composites as determined by DC conductivity. Compos Sci Technol 72:515\u2013520","journal-title":"Composites Science and Technology"},{"key":"7_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2005.08.009","volume":"37","author":"L Chen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chen L, Pang XJ, Qu MZ, Zhang QT, Wang B, Zhang BL, Yu ZL (2006) Fabrication and characterization of polycarbonate\/carbon nanotubes composites. Compos A 37:1485\u20131489","journal-title":"Compos A"},{"key":"7_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5386.95","volume":"282","author":"J Chen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chen J, Hamon MA, Hu H, Chen Y, Rao AM, Eklund PC, Haddon RC (1998) Solution properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Science 282:95\u201398","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"7_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2012.11.042","volume":"54","author":"J Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen J, Y-Y Shi, J-H Yang, Zhang N, Huang T, Wang Y (2013) Improving interfacial adhesion between immiscible polymers by carbon nanotubes. Polymer 54:464\u2013471","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"issue":"13","key":"7_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2700","DOI":"10.1021\/cm401312v","volume":"25","author":"G Clav\u00e9","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clav\u00e9 G, Delport G, Roquelet C, Lauret J-S, Deleporte E, Vialla F, Langlois B, Parret R, Voisin C, Roussignol P, Jousselme B, Gloter A, Stephan O, Filoramo A, Derycke V, Campidelli S (2013) Functionalization of carbon nanotubes through polymerization in micelles: a bridge between the covalent and noncovalent methods. Chem Mater 25(13):2700\u20132707","journal-title":"Chem Mater"},{"issue":"9","key":"7_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2006.02.038","volume":"44","author":"Jonathan N. Coleman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coleman JN, Khan U, Blau WJ, Gun\u2019ko YK (2006) Small but strong: a review of the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube\u2013polymer composites. Carbon 44:1624\u20131652","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"7_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1021\/ar0101640","volume":"35","author":"H Dai","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dai H (2002) Carbon nanotubes: synthesis, integration and properties. Acc Chem Res 35:1035\u20131044","journal-title":"Acc Chem Res"},{"key":"7_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2008.02.012","volume":"46","author":"V Datsyuk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Datsyuk V, Kalyva M, Papagelis K, Parthenios J, Tasis D, Siokou A, Kallitsis I, Galiotis C (2008) Chemical oxidation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Carbon 46:833\u2013840","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"7_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1021\/cen-09338-notw9","volume":"93","author":"M Davenport","year":"2015","unstructured":"Davenport M (2015) Much ado about small things. Chem Eng News 93:11\u201315","journal-title":"Chem Eng News"},{"issue":"6119","key":"7_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222453","volume":"339","author":"Michael F. L. De Volder","year":"2013","unstructured":"De Volder MFL, Tawfick SH, Baughman RH, Hurt AJ (2013) Carbon nanotubes: present and future commercial applications. Science 339:535\u2013539","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"7_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.3762\/bjnano.5.178","volume":"5","author":"A Crescenzo Di","year":"2014","unstructured":"Di Crescenzo A, Ettorre V, Fontana A (2014) Non-covalent and reversible functionalization of carbon nanotubes. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 5:1675\u20131690","journal-title":"Beilstein J Nanotechnol"},{"key":"7_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3139\/217.2319","volume":"XXV","author":"N Domingues","year":"2010","unstructured":"Domingues N, Gaspar-Cunha A, Covas JA, Camesasca M, Kaufman M, Manas-Zloczower I (2010) Dynamics of filler size and spatial distribution in a plasticating single screw extruder\u2014modeling and experimental observations. Int Polym Proc XXV:188\u2013198","journal-title":"Int Polym Proc"},{"key":"7_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10965-013-0301-7","volume":"20","author":"T Ferreira","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ferreira T, Paiva MC, Pontes AJ (2013) Dispersion of carbon nanotubes in polyamide 6 for microinjection moulding. J Polym Res 20:301\u2013310","journal-title":"J Polym Res"},{"key":"7_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1021\/ja016954m","volume":"124","author":"V Georgakilas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Georgakilas V, Kordatos K, Prato M, Guldi DM, Holzinger M, Hirsch A (2002) Organic functionalization of carbon nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 124:760\u2013761","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"7_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/00986448208911047","volume":"14","author":"HP Grace","year":"1982","unstructured":"Grace HP (1982) Dispersion phenomena in high viscosity immiscible fluid systems and application of static mixers as dispersion devices in such systems. Chem Eng Commun 14:225\u2013277","journal-title":"Chem Eng Commun"},{"key":"7_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-3773(20020603)41:11<1853::AID-ANIE1853>3.0.CO;2-N","volume":"41","author":"A Hirsch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hirsch A (2002) Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed 41:1853\u20131859","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed"},{"key":"7_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3390\/polym4010275","volume":"4","author":"Y-Y Huang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huang Y-Y, Terentjev EM (2012) Dispersion of carbon nanotubes: mixing, sonication, stabilization, and composite properties. Polymers 4:275\u2013295","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"7_CR32","first-page":"141","volume":"22","author":"TY Hwang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hwang TY, Kim HJ, Ahn Y, Lee JW (2010) Influence of twin screw extrusion processing condition on the properties of polypropylene\/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Korea-Aus Rheol J 22:141\u2013148","journal-title":"Korea-Aus Rheol J"},{"key":"7_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/354056a0","volume":"354","author":"S Iijima","year":"1991","unstructured":"Iijima S (1991) Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 354:56\u201358","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7_CR34","unstructured":"Inno.CNT (2011) Innovation Alliance CNT\u2014Carbon Nanomaterials Conquer Markets, Innovationsallianz CNT. http:\/\/www.inno-cnt.de . Accessed 22 July 2015"},{"key":"7_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2013.03.005","volume":"32","author":"S Jamali","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jamali S, Paiva MC, Covas JA (2013) Dispersion and re-agglomeration phenomena during melt mixing of polypropylene with multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Polym Test 32:01\u2013707","journal-title":"Polym Test"},{"issue":"69","key":"7_CR36","first-page":"78","volume":"2","author":"BF Jogi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jogi BF, Sawant M, Kulkarni M, Brahmankar PK (2012) Dispersion and performance properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based polymer composites: a review. J Encapsulation Adsorpt Sci 2(69):78","journal-title":"J Encapsulation Adsorpt Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1081\/CR-100101954","volume":"42","author":"KP Jong De","year":"2000","unstructured":"De Jong KP, Geus JW (2000) Carbon nanofibers: catalytic synthesis and applications. Catal Rev-Sci Eng 42(4):481\u20135107","journal-title":"Catal Rev-Sci Eng"},{"key":"7_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1039\/b402375g","volume":"15","author":"JL Delgado","year":"2004","unstructured":"Delgado JL, de la Cruz P, Langa F, Urbina A, Casado J, Lopez-Navarrete JT (2004) Microwave-assisted sidewall functionalization of single-wall carbon nanotubes by Diels-Alder cycloaddition. Chem Commun 15:1734\u20131735","journal-title":"Chem Commun"},{"key":"7_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2010.02.048","volume":"51","author":"GR Kasaliwal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kasaliwal GR, Pegel S, Goldel A, Potschke P, Heinrich G (2010) Analysis of agglomerate dispersion mechanism of multiwalled carbon nanotubes during melt mixing in polycarbonate. Polymer 51:2708\u20132720","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"7_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1533\/9780857091390.1.92","volume-title":"Polymer carbon nanotube composites: preparation, properties and applications","author":"G Kasaliwal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kasaliwal G, Villmow T, Pegel S, P\u00f6tschke P (2011) Influence of material and processing parameters on carbon nanotube dispersion in polymer melts. In: McNally T, P\u00f6tschke P (eds) Polymer carbon nanotube composites: preparation, properties and applications. Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, pp 92\u2013132"},{"key":"7_CR41","volume-title":"Co-rotating twin screw extruders","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kohlgruber K (ed) (2008) Co-rotating twin screw extruders. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich"},{"key":"7_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2008.10.040","volume":"47","author":"B Krause","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krause B, Petzold G, Pegel S, P\u00f6tschke P (2009) Correlation of carbon nanotube dispersability in aqueous surfactant solutions and polymers. Carbon 47:602\u2013612","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"7_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2010.04.002","volume":"48","author":"B Krause","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krause B, Mende M, P\u00f6tschke P, Petzold G (2010) Dispersability and particle size distribution of CNTs in an aqueous surfactant dispersion as a function of ultrasonic treatment time. Carbon 48:2746\u20132754","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"issue":"11","key":"7_CR44","first-page":"4698","volume":"45","author":"Y Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li Y, Yang D, Adronov A, Gao Y, Luo X, Li H (2012) Covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes with thermoresponsive core cross-linked polymeric micelle Macromolecules 45(11):4698\u20134706","journal-title":"Covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes with thermoresponsive core cross-linked polymeric micelle Macromolecules"},{"key":"7_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2007.02.066","volume":"48","author":"Y Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li Y, Shimizu H (2007) High-shear processing induced homogenous dispersion of pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes in a thermoplastic elastomer. Polymer 48:2203\u20132207","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"7_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2005.05.043","volume":"94","author":"TS Lin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lin TS, Cheng LY, Hsiao CC, Yang ACM (2005) Percolated network of entangled multiwalled carbon nanotubes dispersed in polystyrene thin films through surface grafting polymerization. Mat Chem Phys 94:438\u2013443","journal-title":"Mat Chem Phys"},{"key":"7_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.200500335","volume":"291","author":"B Lin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lin B, Sundararaj U, Potschke P (2006) Melt mixing of polycarbonate with multiwalled carbon nanotubes in miniature mixers. Macromol Mater Eng 291:227\u2013238","journal-title":"Macromol Mater Eng"},{"key":"7_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7214","DOI":"10.1021\/ma049132t","volume":"37","author":"T Liu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liu T, Phang IY, Shen L, Chow SY, Zhang YD (2004) Morphology and mechanical properties of MWCNT reinforced nylon-6 composites. Macromolecules 37:7214\u20137222","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"7_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2010.07.003","volume":"41","author":"PC Ma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ma PC, Siddiqui NA, Marom G, Kim JK (2010) Dispersion and functionalization of carbon nanotubes for polymer-based nanocomposites: a review. Compos A 41:1345\u20131367","journal-title":"Compos A"},{"key":"7_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1002\/app.1245","volume":"80","author":"AV Machado","year":"2001","unstructured":"Machado AV, Covas JA, Walet M, Van Duin M (2001) Effect of composition and processing conditions on the chemical and morphological evolution of PA-6\/EPM\/ EPM-g-MA blends in a corotating twin-screw extruder. J Appl Polym Sci 80:1535\u20131546","journal-title":"J Appl Polym Sci"},{"key":"7_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"083119","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2179132","volume":"88","author":"H Mahfuz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mahfuz H, Adnan A, Rangari VK, Hasan MM, Jeelani S, Wright WJ et al (2006) Enhancement of strength and stiffness of Nylon 6 filaments through carbon nanotubes reinforcement. Appl Phys Lett 88:083119","journal-title":"Appl Phys Lett"},{"key":"7_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/pen.10714","volume":"41","author":"M Maric","year":"2001","unstructured":"Maric M, Macosko CW (2001) Improving polymer dispersions in mini-mixers. Polym Eng Sci 41:118\u2013130","journal-title":"Polym Eng Sci"},{"key":"7_CR53","unstructured":"MarketsandMarkets (2013) Global CNT Market\u2014SWCNT, MWCNT, Technology, Applications, Trends & Outlook (2011\u20132016)\u201d. http:\/\/www.marketsandmarkets.com\/Market-Reports\/carbon-nanotubes-139.html . Accessed 15 July 2015"},{"key":"7_CR54","unstructured":"MarketsandMarkets (2014) Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Market by Type (SWCNTS & MWCNTS), Application (Electronics & Semiconductors, Chemical & Polymers, Batteries & Capacitors, Energy, Medical, Composites, & Aerospace & Defense) & Geography\u2014Global Trends & Forecasts to 2018. http:\/\/www.marketsandmarkets.com\/Market-Reports\/carbon-nanotubes-139.html . Accessed 15 July 2015"},{"key":"7_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1002\/app.30418","volume":"113","author":"M Micusik","year":"2009","unstructured":"Micusik M, Omastova M, Krupa I, Prokes J, Pissis P, Logakis E, Pandis P, Potschke P, Pionteck (2009) A comparative study on the electrical and mechanical behaviour of multi-walled carbon nanotube composites prepared by diluting a masterbatch with various types of polypropylenes. J Appl Polym Sci 113:2536\u20132551","journal-title":"J Appl Polym Sci"},{"key":"7_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2011.09.009","volume":"71","author":"K Menzer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Menzer K, Krause B, Boldt R, Kretzschmar B, Weidisch R, P\u00f6tschke P (2011) Percolation behaviour of multiwalled carbon nanotubes of altered length and primary agglomerate morphology in melt mixed isotactic polypropylene-based composites. Compos Sci Technol 71:1936\u20131943","journal-title":"Compos Sci Technol"},{"key":"7_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3139\/9783446433717","volume-title":"Mixing and compounding of polymers: theory and practice","author":"I Manas-Zloczower","year":"2009","unstructured":"Manas-Zloczower I (2009) Mixing and compounding of polymers: theory and practice, 2nd edn. Hanser, Munich","edition":"2"},{"key":"7_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174306","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4874737","volume":"115","author":"E Mayhew","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mayhew E, Prakash V (2014) Thermal conductivity of high performance carbon nanotube yarn-like fibers. J Appl Phys 115:174306","journal-title":"J Appl Phys"},{"key":"7_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4611","DOI":"10.1039\/b707742d","volume":"17","author":"M Monthioux","year":"2007","unstructured":"Monthioux M, No\u00e9 L, Dussault L, Dupin J-C, Latorre N, Ubieto T, Romeo E, Rovo C, Monz\u00f3n A, Guimon C (2007) Texturising and structurising mechanisms of carbon nanofilaments during growth. J Mater Chem 17:4611\u20134618","journal-title":"J Mater Chem"},{"key":"7_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2011.06.003","volume":"71","author":"MT Muller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Muller MT, Krause B, Kretzschmar B, Potschke P (2011) Influence of feeding conditions in twin-screw extrusion of PP\/MWCNT composites on electrical and mechanical properties. Compos Sci Technol 71:1535\u20131542","journal-title":"Compos Sci Technol"},{"key":"7_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2012.01.017","volume":"43","author":"RM Novais","year":"2012","unstructured":"Novais RM, Covas JA, Paiva MC (2012) The effect of flow type and chemical functionalization on the dispersion of carbon nanofiber agglomerates in polypropylene. Compos A 43:833\u2013841","journal-title":"Compos A"},{"key":"7_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2012.08.004","volume":"43","author":"RM Novais","year":"2012","unstructured":"Novais RM, Simon F, Paiva MC, Covas JA (2012) The influence of carbon nanotube functionalization route on the efficiency of dispersion in polypropylene by twin-screw extrusion. Compos A 43:2189\u20132198","journal-title":"Compos A"},{"key":"7_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3740","DOI":"10.1002\/pola.26778","volume":"51","author":"RM Novais","year":"2013","unstructured":"Novais RM, Simon F, P\u00f6tschke P, Villmow T, Covas JA, Paiva MC (2013) Poly(lactic acid) composites with poly(lactic acid)-modified carbon nanotubes. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 51:3740\u20133750","journal-title":"J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0248(76)90115-9","volume":"32","author":"A Oberlin","year":"1976","unstructured":"Oberlin A, Endo M, Koyama T (1976) Filamentous growth of carbon through benzene. J Crystal Growth 32(3):335\u2013349","journal-title":"J Crystal Growth"},{"issue":"12","key":"7_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7379","DOI":"10.1021\/nn1022523","volume":"4","author":"MC Paiva","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paiva MC, Simon F, Novais RM, Ferreira T, Proen\u00e7a MF, Xu W, Besenbacher F (2010) Controlled functionalization of carbon nanotubes by a solvent-free multicomponent approach. ACS Nano 4(12):7379\u20137386","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"7_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2004.06.031","volume":"42","author":"MC Paiva","year":"2004","unstructured":"Paiva MC, Zhou B, Fernando KAS, Lin Y, Kennedy JM, Sun Y-P (2004) Mechanical and morphological characterization of polymer\u2013carbon nanocomposites from functionalized carbon nanotubes. Carbon 42:2849\u20132854","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"7_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2009.11.009","volume":"41","author":"Y Pan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pan Y, Chan SH, Zhao J (2010) Correlation between dispersion state and electrical conductivity of MWCNTs\/PP composites prepared by melt blending. Compos A 41:419\u2013426","journal-title":"Compos A"},{"key":"7_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2004.01.020","volume":"64","author":"S Peeterbroeck","year":"2004","unstructured":"Peeterbroeck S, Alexandre M, Nagy JB, Pirlot C, Fonseca A, Moreau N et al (2004) Polymer-layered silicate\u2013carbon nanotube nanocomposites: unique nanofiller synergistic effect. Compos Sci Technol 64:2317\u20132323","journal-title":"Compos Sci Technol"},{"key":"7_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2007.12.024","volume":"49","author":"S Pegel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pegel S, P\u00f6tschke P, Petzold G, Alig I, Dudkin SM, Lellinger D (2008) Dispersion, agglomeration, and network formation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in polycarbonate melts. Polymer 49:974\u2013984","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"7_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6223(00)00155-X","volume":"39","author":"A Peigney","year":"2001","unstructured":"Peigney A, Laurent Ch, Flahaut E, Bacsa RR, Rousset A (2001) Specific surface area of carbon nanotubes and bundles of carbon nanotubes. Carbon 39:507\u2013514","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"7_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.200700637","volume":"29","author":"P Potschke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Potschke P, Pegel S, Claes M, Bonduel D (2008) A novel strategy to incorporate carbon nanotubes into thermoplastic matrices. Macromol Rapid Commun 29:244\u2013251","journal-title":"Macromol Rapid Commun"},{"key":"7_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15872","DOI":"10.1039\/c1jm12254a","volume":"21","author":"J Prasek","year":"2011","unstructured":"Prasek J, Drbohlavova J, Chomoucka J, Hubalek J, Jasek O, Adam V, Kizek R (2011) Methods for carbon nanotubes synthesis\u2014review. J Mater Chem 21:15872\u201315884","journal-title":"J Mater Chem"},{"key":"7_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6234","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2009.1565","volume":"9","author":"MF Proen\u00e7a","year":"2009","unstructured":"Proen\u00e7a MF, Ara\u00fajo RF, Paiva MC, Silva CJ (2009) The Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction in the functionalization of carbon nanofibers. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 9:6234\u20136238","journal-title":"J Nanosci Nanotechnol"},{"key":"7_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2868","DOI":"10.1063\/1.126500","volume":"76","author":"D Qian","year":"2000","unstructured":"Qian D, Dickey EC, Andrews R, Rantell T (2000) Load transfer and deformation mechanisms in carbon nanotube-polystyrene composites. Appl Phys Lett 76:2868\u20132871","journal-title":"Appl Phys Lett"},{"key":"7_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2660","DOI":"10.1002\/app.10436","volume":"84","author":"B Safadi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Safadi B, Andrews R, Grulke EA (2002) Multiwalled carbon nanotube polymer composites: synthesis and characterization of thin films. J Appl Polym Sci 84:2660\u20132669","journal-title":"J Appl Polym Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.46.1804","volume":"46","author":"R Saito","year":"1992","unstructured":"Saito R, Fujita M, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus M (1992) Electronic structure of graphene tubules based on C60. Phys Rev B 46(3):1804\u20131811","journal-title":"Phys Rev B"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.48.1907","volume":"48","author":"Y Saito","year":"1993","unstructured":"Saito Y, Yoshikawa T, Bandow S, Tomita M, Hayashi T (1993) Interlayer spacings in carbon nanotubes. Phys Rev B 48(3):1907\u20131909","journal-title":"Phys Rev B"},{"key":"7_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2013.05.014","volume":"85","author":"M Salzano de Luna","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salzano de Luna M, Pellegrino L, Daghetta M, Mazzocchia CV, Acierno D, Filippone G (2013) Importance of the morphology and structure of the primary aggregates for the dispersibility of carbon nanotubes in polymer melts. Compos Sci Technol 85:17\u201322","journal-title":"Compos Sci Technol"},{"key":"7_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40322-4_2","volume-title":"Structural nanocomposites, perspectives for future applications","author":"S Sathyanarayana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sathyanarayana S, H\u00fcbner C (2013) Thermoplastic nanocomposites with carbon nanotubes. In: Njuguna J (ed) Structural nanocomposites, perspectives for future applications. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 19\u201360"},{"key":"7_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.201200018","volume":"298","author":"S Sathyanarayana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sathyanarayana S, Olowojoba G, Weiss P, Caglar B, Pataki B, Mikonsaari I, H\u00fcbner C, Henning F (2013) Compounding of MWCNT with PS in a twin-screw extruder with varying process parameters: morphology, interfacial behaviour, thermal stability, rheology and volume resistivity. Macromol Mat Eng 298:89\u2013105","journal-title":"Macromol Mat Eng"},{"key":"7_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00587979","volume":"26","author":"CE Scott","year":"1991","unstructured":"Scott CE, Macosko CW (1991) Model experiments concerning morphology development during the initial stages of polymer blending. Polym Bull 26:341\u2013348","journal-title":"Polym Bull"},{"key":"7_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2005.05.059","volume":"60","author":"A Scurati","year":"2005","unstructured":"Scurati A, Feke DL, Manas-Zloczower I (2005) Analysis of the kinetics of agglomerate erosion in simple shear flows. Chem Eng Sci 60:6564\u20136573","journal-title":"Chem Eng Sci"},{"key":"7_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2009.11.047","volume":"51","author":"T Skipa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Skipa T, Lellinger D, B\u00f6hm W, Saphiannikova M, Alig I (2010) Influence of shear deformation on carbon nanotube networks in polycarbonate melts: interplay between build-up and destruction of agglomerates. Polymer 51:201\u2013210","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"7_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2010.11.015","volume":"71","author":"R Socher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Socher R, Krause B, Boldt R, Hermasch S, Wursche R, Potschke P (2011) Melt mixed nano composites of PA12 with MWNTs: influence of MWNT and matrix properties on macrodispersion and electrical properties. Compos Sci Technol 71:306\u2013314","journal-title":"Compos Sci Technol"},{"key":"7_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2011.12.019","volume":"53","author":"R Socher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Socher R, Krause B, M\u00fcller MT, Boldt R, P\u00f6tschke P (2012) The influence of matrix viscosity on MWCNT dispersion and electrical properties in different thermoplastic nanocomposites. Polymer 53:495\u2013504","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"issue":"13","key":"7_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4370","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-007-2440-x","volume":"43","author":"Jonghwan Suhr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Suhr J, Koratkar NA (2008) Energy dissipation in carbon nanotube composites: a review. J Mater Sci 43:4370\u20134382","journal-title":"Journal of Materials Science"},{"key":"7_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2779","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6223(03)00387-7","volume":"41","author":"W Tang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tang W, Santare MH, Advani SG (2003) Melt processing and mechanical property characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotube high density polyethylene composite films. Carbon 41:2779\u20132785","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"7_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1021\/cr050569o","volume":"106","author":"D Tasis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tasis D, Tagmatarchis N, Bianco A, Prato M (2006) Chemistry of carbon nanotubes. Chem Rev 106:1105\u20131136","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"7_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201100175","volume":"4","author":"J-P Tessonnier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tessonnier J-P, Su DS (2011) Recent progress on the growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes: a review. ChemSusChem 4:824\u2013847","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"7_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2011.11.026","volume":"53","author":"J-M Thomassin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thomassin J-M, Vuluga D, Alexandre M, J\u00e9r\u00f4me C, Molenberg I, Huynen I, Detrembleur C (2012) Convenient route for the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in polymers: application to the preparation of electromagnetic interference (EMI) absorbers. Polymer 53:169\u2013174","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"7_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2006.06.015","volume":"67","author":"GG Tibbetts","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tibbetts GG, Lake ML, Strong KL, Rice BP (2007) A review of the fabrication and properties of vapor-grown carbon nanofiber\/polymer composites. Comp Sci Technol 67:1709\u20131718","journal-title":"Comp Sci Technol"},{"key":"7_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1002\/pen.20542","volume":"41","author":"M Tokihisa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tokihisa M, Yakemoto K, Sakai T, Utracki LA, Sepehr M, Li J, Simard Y (2006) Extensional flow mixer for polymer nanocomposites. Polym Eng Sci 41:1040\u20131050","journal-title":"Polym Eng Sci"},{"key":"7_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233407","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.65.233407","volume":"65","author":"ZC Tu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tu ZC, Ou-Yang ZC (2002) Single-walled and multiwalled carbon nanotubes viewed as elastic tubes with the effective Young\u2019s moduli dependent on layer number. Phys Rev B 65:233407","journal-title":"Phys Rev B"},{"key":"7_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2008.06.010","volume":"49","author":"T Villmow","year":"2008","unstructured":"Villmow T, Potschke P, Pegel S, Haussler L, Kretzschmar B (2008) Influence of twin-screw extrusion conditions on the dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a poly(lactic acid) matrix. Polymer 49:3500\u20133509","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"7_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2614(02)00948-X","volume":"361","author":"HD Wagner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wagner HD (2002) Nanotube\u2013polymer adhesion: a mechanics approach. Chem Phys Lett 361:57\u201361","journal-title":"Chem Phys Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2007.06.027","volume":"68","author":"Malte H.G. Wichmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wichmann MHG, Schulte K, Wagner HD (1998) On nanocomposite toughness. Compos Sci Technol 68 (1):329\u2013331","journal-title":"Composites Science and Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1557\/mrs2007.229","volume":"32","author":"KI Winey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Winey KI, Vaia RA (2007) Polymer nanocomposites. MRS Bull 32(4):314\u2013322","journal-title":"MRS Bull"},{"key":"7_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2008.04.010","volume":"68","author":"TM Wu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wu TM, Chen EC (2008) Preparation and characterization of conductive carbon nanotube-polystyrene nanocomposites using latex technology. Comp Sci Technol 68:2254\u20132259","journal-title":"Comp Sci Technol"},{"key":"7_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3879","DOI":"10.1021\/cm0341890","volume":"15","author":"H Xia","year":"2003","unstructured":"Xia H, Wang Q, Qiu G (2003) Polymer encapsulated CNTs prepared through ultrasonically initiated in situ emulsion polymerization. Chem Mater 15:3879\u20133886","journal-title":"Chem Mater"},{"key":"7_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200600599","volume":"17","author":"BX Yang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yang BX, Pramoda KP, Xu GQ, Goh SH (2007) Mechanical reinforcement of polyethylene using polyethylene-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Adv Funct Mater 17:2062\u20132069","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"7_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1021\/ma035594f","volume":"37","author":"WD Zhang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhang WD, Shen L, Phang IY, Liu T (2004) CNT reinforced nylon-6 composite prepared by simple melt compounding. Macromolecules 37:256\u2013259","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"7_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2003.10.028","volume":"42","author":"Y Zou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zou Y, Feng Y, Wang L, Liu X (2004) Processing and properties of MWNT\/HDPE composites. Carbon 42:271\u2013277","journal-title":"Carbon"}],"container-title":["Textile Science and Clothing Technology","Fibrous and Textile Materials for Composite Applications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-981-10-0234-2_7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T05:13:43Z","timestamp":1654146823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-981-10-0234-2_7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"ISBN":["9789811002328","9789811002342"],"references-count":102,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-10-0234-2_7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-9863","2197-9871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-9863","type":"print"},{"value":"2197-9871","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}