{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T01:58:54Z","timestamp":1762999134586},"publisher-location":"Singapore","reference-count":191,"publisher":"Springer Singapore","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9789811002328"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9789811002342"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-0234-2_8","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,22]],"date-time":"2016-01-22T10:32:11Z","timestamp":1453458731000},"page":"261-299","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Natural Nanofibres for Composite Applications"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Carlos F. C.","family":"Jo\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Isabel M. M.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge C.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o P.","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"8_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5597","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0631609100","volume":"100","author":"H Gao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gao H, Ji B, J\u00e4ger IL et al (2003) Materials become insensitive to flaws at nanoscale: lessons from nature. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:5597\u20135600","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ray D, Sain S (2014) Nanocellulose-reinforced polymer matrix composites fabricated by In-Situ polymerization technique. In: Nanocellulose polymer nanocomposites, Wiley, pp 131\u2013161","key":"8_CR2","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118872246.ch5"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalia S, Dufresne A, Cherian BM et al (2011) Cellulose-based bio- and nanocomposites: a review. Int J Polym Sci 2011","key":"8_CR3","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/837875"},{"key":"8_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3941","DOI":"10.1039\/c0cs00108b","volume":"40","author":"RJ Moon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moon RJ, Martini A, Nairn J et al (2011) Cellulose nanomaterials review: structure, properties and nanocomposites. Chem Soc Rev 40:3941\u20133994","journal-title":"Chem Soc Rev"},{"key":"8_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1002\/pc.20008","volume":"25","author":"JP Borges","year":"2004","unstructured":"Borges JP, Godinho MH, Martins AF et al (2004) Tensile properties of cellulose fiber reinforced hydroxypropylcellulose films. Polym Compos 25:102\u2013110","journal-title":"Polym Compos"},{"key":"8_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1021\/bm201564a","volume":"13","author":"J-B Zeng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zeng J-B, He Y-S, Li S-L et al (2012) Chitin whiskers: an overview. Biomacromolecules 13:1\u201311","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"8_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.3.5.669","volume":"3","author":"D Carlstrom","year":"1957","unstructured":"Carlstrom D (1957) The crystal structure of alpha-chitin (poly-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine). J Biophys Biochem Cytol 3:669\u2013683","journal-title":"J Biophys Biochem Cytol"},{"key":"8_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"024005","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/22\/2\/024005","volume":"22","author":"TP Michael","year":"2011","unstructured":"Michael TP, Andr\u00e1s V, John D et al (2011) Development of the metrology and imaging of cellulose nanocrystals. Meas Sci Technol 22:024005","journal-title":"Meas Sci Technol"},{"key":"8_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200902019","volume":"22","author":"S Nikolov","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nikolov S, Petrov M, Lymperakis L et al (2010) Revealing the design principles of high-performance biological composites using Ab initio and multiscale simulations: the example of lobster cuticle. Adv Mater 22:519\u2013526","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"8_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3358","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200460587","volume":"44","author":"D Klemm","year":"2005","unstructured":"Klemm D, Heublein B, Fink H-P et al (2005) Cellulose: fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material. Angew Chem Int Ed 44:3358\u20133393","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borges JP, Canejo JP, Fernandes SN et al (2014) Cellulose-based liquid crystalline composite systems. In: Nanocellulose polymer nanocomposites, Wiley, pp 215\u2013235","key":"8_CR11","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118872246.ch8"},{"key":"8_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-092589-9.50006-1","volume-title":"Wood chemistry","author":"E Sjostrom","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sjostrom E (1993) Chapter 2\u2014introduction to carbohydrate chemistry. In: Sjostrom E (ed) Wood chemistry, 2nd edn. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 21\u201350","edition":"2"},{"key":"8_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5438","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201001273","volume":"50","author":"D Klemm","year":"2011","unstructured":"Klemm D, Kramer F, Moritz S et al (2011) Nanocelluloses: a new family of nature-based materials. Angew Chem Int Ed 50:5438\u20135466","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed"},{"key":"8_CR14","first-page":"145","volume-title":"Handbook of Polymer Nanocomposites. Processing, Performance and Application","author":"Maha M. Ibrahim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ibrahim M, El-Zawawy W (2015) Extraction of cellulose nanofibers from cotton linter and their composites. In: Pandey JK, Takagi H, Nakagaito AN et al (eds) Handbook of polymer nanocomposites. Processing, performance and application, Springer Berlin, pp 145\u2013164"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qian Y, Qin Z, Vu N-M et al (2012) Comparison of nanocrystals from TEMPO oxidation of bamboo, softwood and cotton linter fibers with ultrasonic-assisted process. BioResources 7(4):4952\u20134964","key":"8_CR15","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.7.4.4952-4964"},{"key":"8_CR16","first-page":"167","volume":"20","author":"E Kopania","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kopania E, Wietecha J, Ciechanska D (2012) Studies on isolation of celluose fibres from waste plant biomass. Fibres Text East Eur 20:167\u2013171","journal-title":"Fibres Text East Eur"},{"key":"8_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-007-9145-9","volume":"15","author":"J Mor\u00e1n","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mor\u00e1n J, Alvarez V, Cyras V et al (2008) Extraction of cellulose and preparation of nanocellulose from sisal fibers. Cellulose 15:149\u2013159","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"8_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-015-0554-x","volume":"22","author":"B Deepa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deepa B, Abraham E, Cordeiro N et al (2015) Utilization of various lignocellulosic biomass for the production of nanocellulose: a comparative study. Cellulose 22:1075\u20131090","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"8_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2013.11.021","volume":"102","author":"M Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li M, L-j W, Li D et al (2014) Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers from de-pectinated sugar beet pulp. Carbohydr Polym 102:136\u2013143","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2007.04.029","volume":"99","author":"A Alemdar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alemdar A, Sain M (2008) Isolation and characterization of nanofibers from agricultural residues\u2014wheat straw and soy hulls. Bioresour Technol 99:1664\u20131671","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"8_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2012.06.041","volume":"42","author":"WP Flauzino Neto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Flauzino Neto WP, Silv\u00e9rio HA, Dantas NO et al (2013) Extraction and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from agro-industrial residue\u2014Soy hulls. Ind Crops Prod 42:480\u2013488","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod"},{"key":"8_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1002\/app.32959","volume":"119","author":"A Mihranyan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mihranyan A (2011) Cellulose from cladophorales green algae: From environmental problem to high-tech composite materials. J Appl Polym Sci 119:2449\u20132460","journal-title":"J Appl Polym Sci"},{"key":"8_CR23","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"S Keshk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Keshk S (2014) Bacterial cellulose production and its industrial applications. Bioprocess Biotechniques 4:1\u201310","journal-title":"Bioprocess Biotechniques"},{"key":"8_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2013.06.004","volume":"16","author":"A Dufresne","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dufresne A (2013) Nanocellulose: a new ageless bionanomaterial. Mater Today 16:220\u2013227","journal-title":"Mater Today"},{"key":"8_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-008-9212-x","volume":"15","author":"AN Nakagaito","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nakagaito AN, Yano H (2008) The effect of fiber content on the mechanical and thermal expansion properties of biocomposites based on microfibrillated cellulose. Cellulose 15:555\u2013559","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chakraborty A, Sain M, Kortschot M (2005) Cellulose microfibrils: a novel method of preparation using high shear refining and cryocrushing. Holzforschung 59:102","key":"8_CR26","DOI":"10.1515\/HF.2005.016"},{"key":"8_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/381342","volume":"2012","author":"S Panthapulakkal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Panthapulakkal S, Sain M (2012) Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanofibril films from wood fibre and their thermoplastic polycarbonate composites. Int J Polym Sci 2012:6","journal-title":"Int J Polym Sci"},{"key":"8_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.10.040","volume":"83","author":"W Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen W, Yu H, Liu Y et al (2011) Individualization of cellulose nanofibers from wood using high-intensity ultrasonication combined with chemical pretreatments. Carbohydr Polym 83:1804\u20131811","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1039\/C3CS60204D","volume":"43","author":"Y Habibi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Habibi Y (2014) Key advances in the chemical modification of nanocelluloses. Chem Soc Rev 43:1519\u20131542","journal-title":"Chem Soc Rev"},{"key":"8_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2013.01.033","volume":"94","author":"L Brinchi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brinchi L, Cotana F, Fortunati E et al (2013) Production of nanocrystalline cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass: Technology and applications. Carbohydr Polym 94:154\u2013169","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/masy.200950608","volume":"280","author":"D Klemm","year":"2009","unstructured":"Klemm D, Schumann D, Kramer F et al (2009) Nanocellulose materials\u2014different cellulose, different functionality. Macromol Symp 280:60\u201371","journal-title":"Macromol Symp"},{"key":"8_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4111","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15064111","volume":"15","author":"A Dufresne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dufresne A (2010) Processing of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with polysaccharide nanocrystals. Molecules 15:4111","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"8_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-17370-7_15","volume-title":"Cellulose fibers: bio- and nano-polymer composites","author":"JP Borges","year":"2011","unstructured":"Borges JP, Godinho MH, Figueirinhas JL et al (2011) All-cellulosic based composites. In: Kalia S, Kaith BS, Kaur I (eds) Cellulose fibers: bio- and nano-polymer composites. Springer, Berlin, pp 399\u2013421"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Habibi Y (2013) Chemical modification of nanocelluloses. In: Biopolymer nanocomposites, Wiley, pp 367\u2013390","key":"8_CR34","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118609958.ch16"},{"key":"8_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.3390\/ma6051745","volume":"6","author":"K Missoum","year":"2013","unstructured":"Missoum K, Belgacem M, Bras J (2013) Nanofibrillated cellulose surface modification: a review. Materials 6:1745","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"8_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1021\/bm070113b","volume":"8","author":"S Ifuku","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ifuku S, Nogi M, Abe K et al (2007) Surface modification of bacterial cellulose nanofibers for property enhancement of optically transparent composites: dependence on acetyl-group DS. Biomacromolecules 8:1973\u20131978","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"8_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924-013-0631-x","volume":"22","author":"O Faruk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Faruk O, Sain M, Farnood R et al (2014) Development of lignin and nanocellulose enhanced bio PU foams for automotive parts. J Polym Environ 22:279\u2013288","journal-title":"J Polym Environ"},{"key":"8_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-9465(98)00050-X","volume":"21","author":"R MacVicar","year":"1999","unstructured":"MacVicar R, Matuana LM, Balatinecz JJ (1999) Aging mechanisms in cellulose fiber reinforced cement composites. Cement Concr Compos 21:189\u2013196","journal-title":"Cement Concr Compos"},{"key":"8_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2011.578765","volume":"54","author":"A Khan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khan A, Huq T, Khan RA et al (2012) Nanocellulose-based composites and bioactive agents for food packaging. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 54:163\u2013174","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"8_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2014.07.025","volume":"59","author":"N Lin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lin N, Dufresne A (2014) Nanocellulose in biomedicine: current status and future prospect. Eur Polym J 59:302\u2013325","journal-title":"Eur Polym J"},{"key":"8_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-007-9143-y","volume":"15","author":"P Stenstad","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stenstad P, Andresen M, Tanem B et al (2008) Chemical surface modifications of microfibrillated cellulose. Cellulose 15:35\u201345","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"8_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.08.108","volume":"125","author":"A Ferrer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ferrer A, Filpponen I, Rodr\u00edguez A et al (2012) Valorization of residual Empty Palm Fruit Bunch Fibers (EPFBF) by microfluidization: production of nanofibrillated cellulose and EPFBF nanopaper. Bioresour Technol 125:249\u2013255","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"8_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6127","DOI":"10.1021\/am500359f","volume":"6","author":"IA Sacui","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sacui IA, Nieuwendaal RC, Burnett DJ et al (2014) Comparison of the properties of cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils isolated from bacteria, tunicate, and wood processed using acid, enzymatic, mechanical, and oxidative methods. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:6127\u20136138","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"8_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.08.022","volume":"87","author":"P Lu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lu P, Hsieh Y-L (2012) Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from rice straw. Carbohydr Polym 87:564\u2013573","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.03.046","volume":"81","author":"BM Cherian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cherian BM, Le\u00e3o AL, de Souza SF et al (2010) Isolation of nanocellulose from pineapple leaf fibres by steam explosion. Carbohydr Polym 81:720\u2013725","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021065905986","volume":"10","author":"M Grunert","year":"2002","unstructured":"Grunert M, Winter W (2002) Nanocomposites of cellulose acetate butyrate reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. J Polym Environ 10:27\u201330","journal-title":"J Polym Environ"},{"key":"8_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-7757(98)00404-X","volume":"142","author":"J Araki","year":"1998","unstructured":"Araki J, Wada M, Kuga S et al (1998) Flow properties of microcrystalline cellulose suspension prepared by acid treatment of native cellulose. Colloids Surf A 142:75\u201382","journal-title":"Colloids Surf A"},{"key":"8_CR48","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"A Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar A, Negi YS, Choudhary V et al (2014) Characterization of cellulose nanocrystals produced by acid-hydrolysis from sugarcane bagasse as agro-waste. J Mater Phys Chem 2:1\u20138","journal-title":"J Mater Phys Chem"},{"unstructured":"Qin Z-Y, Tong G, Chin YCF et al (2011) Preparation of ultrasonic-assisted high carboxylate content cellulose nanocrystals by TEMPO oxidation. BioResources 6(2):1136\u20131146","key":"8_CR49"},{"key":"8_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.09.020","volume":"117","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Lindstr\u00f6m ME et al (2015) Tunicate cellulose nanocrystals: preparation, neat films and nanocomposite films with glucomannans. Carbohydr Polym 117:286\u2013296","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.03.045","volume":"89","author":"C Castro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Castro C, Zuluaga R, \u00c1lvarez C et al (2012) Bacterial cellulose produced by a new acid-resistant strain of gluconacetobacter genus. Carbohydr Polym 89:1033\u20131037","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-008-9228-3","volume":"57","author":"V Nguyen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nguyen V, Flanagan B, Gidley M et al (2008) Characterization of cellulose production by a gluconacetobacter xylinus strain from kombucha. Curr Microbiol 57:449\u2013453","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"8_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2013.03.005","volume":"22","author":"L Nimeskern","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nimeskern L, Mart\u00ednez \u00c1vila H, Sundberg J et al (2013) Mechanical evaluation of bacterial nanocellulose as an implant material for ear cartilage replacement. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 22:12\u201321","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"8_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13518","DOI":"10.1021\/la302787z","volume":"28","author":"F Wesarg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wesarg F, Schlott F, Grabow J et al (2012) In Situ synthesis of photocatalytically active hybrids consisting of bacterial nanocellulose and anatase nanoparticles. Langmuir 28:13518\u201313525","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"8_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2015.03.005","volume":"68","author":"AM Salaberria","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salaberria AM, Labidi J, Fernandes SCM (2015) Different routes to turn chitin into stunning nano-objects. Eur Polym J 68:503\u2013515","journal-title":"Eur Polym J"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khor E (2001) Chitin: fulfilling a biomaterials promise. Elsevier Science Limited, Oxford","key":"8_CR56","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008044018-7\/50003-8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez JP, Falomir MP, Gozalbo D (2014) Chitin: a structural biopolysaccharide with multiple applications. eLS. Wiley, Chichester","key":"8_CR57","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470015902.a0000694.pub3"},{"key":"8_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3423","DOI":"10.1002\/pola.20176","volume":"42","author":"M-K Jang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jang M-K, Kong B-G, Jeong Y-I et al (2004) Physicochemical characterization of \u03b1-chitin, \u03b2-chitin, and \u03b3-chitin separated from natural resources. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 42:3423\u20133432","journal-title":"J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta NS (2010) Chitin. Springer","key":"8_CR59","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-9684-5"},{"key":"8_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/b93972","volume-title":"Liquid-crystalline behavior in aqueous suspensions of elongated chitin microcrystals","author":"E Belamie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Belamie E, Giraud-Guille MM (2004) Liquid-crystalline behavior in aqueous suspensions of elongated chitin microcrystals. Springer, Berlin"},{"key":"8_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-8984\/18\/13\/S08","volume":"18","author":"E Belamie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Belamie E, Mosser G, Gobeaux F et al (2006) Possible transient liquid crystal phase during the laying out of connective tissues: \u03b1-chitin and collagen as models. J Phys Condens Matter 18:S115\u2013S129","journal-title":"J Phys Condens Matter"},{"key":"8_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.4236\/anp.2012.13010","volume":"01","author":"Z Shervani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shervani Z, Taisuke Y, Ifuku S et al (2012) Preparation of gold nanoparticles loaded chitin nanofiber composite. Adv Nanopart 01:71\u201378","journal-title":"Adv Nanopart"},{"key":"8_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1021\/bm800178b","volume":"9","author":"Y Fan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fan Y, Saito T, Isogai A (2008) Preparation of chitin nanofibers from squid pen \u03b2-chitin by simple mechanical treatment under acid conditions. Biomacromolecules 9:1919\u20131923","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"8_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2009.03.008","volume":"77","author":"Y Fan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fan Y, Saito T, Isogai A (2009) TEMPO-mediated oxidation of \u03b2-chitin to prepare individual nanofibrils. Carbohydr Polym 77:832\u2013838","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1021\/bm700966g","volume":"9","author":"Y Fan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fan Y, Saito T, Isogai A (2008) Chitin nanocrystals prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation of \u03b1-chitin. Biomacromolecules 9:192\u2013198","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"8_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.01.049","volume":"84","author":"K J-i","year":"2011","unstructured":"J-i K, Takegawa A, Mine S et al (2011) Preparation of chitin nanowhiskers using an ionic liquid and their composite materials with poly(vinyl alcohol). Carbohydr Polym 84:1408\u20131412","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1039\/c2gc36582k","volume":"15","author":"Patrick S. Barber","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barber PS, Griggs CS, Bonner JR et al (2013) Electrospinning of chitin nanofibers directly from an ionic liquid extract of shrimp shells. Green Chem 15:601\u2013607","journal-title":"Green Chemistry"},{"key":"8_CR68","first-page":"6","volume":"166","author":"Dolphen and Thiravetyan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dolphen and Thiravetyan (2011) Adsorption of melanoidins by chitin nanofibers. Chem Eng J 166:6","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"8_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1021\/bm0603589","volume":"8","author":"JD Goodrich","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goodrich JD, Winter WT (2007) \u03b1-Chitin nanocrystals prepared from shrimp shells and their specific surface area measurement. Biomacromolecules 8:252\u2013257","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"15","key":"8_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2005.04.069","volume":"46","author":"Jittrawadee Sriupayo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sriupayo S, Supaphol P, Blackwell J et al (2005) Preparation and characterization of @a-chitin whisker-reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite films with or without heat treatment. Polymer 46:8","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"8_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.05.062","volume":"112","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Fu S, Pu Y et al (2014) Preparation of aligned porous chitin nanowhisker foams by directional freeze\u2013casting technique. Carbohydr Polym 112:277\u2013283","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2006.10.049","volume":"48","author":"S Phongying","year":"2007","unstructured":"Phongying S, S-i A, Chirachanchai S (2007) Direct chitosan nanoscaffold formation via chitin whiskers. Polymer 48:393\u2013400","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"8_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2008.10.018","volume":"344","author":"T Lertwattanaseri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lertwattanaseri T, Ichikawa N, Mizoguchi T et al (2009) Microwave technique for efficient deacetylation of chitin nanowhiskers to a chitosan nanoscaffold. Carbohydr Res 344:331\u2013335","journal-title":"Carbohydr Res"},{"key":"8_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2007.07.004","volume":"43","author":"P Wongpanit","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wongpanit P, Sanchavanakit N, Pavasant P et al (2007) Preparation and characterization of chitin whisker-reinforced silk fibroin nanocomposite sponges. Eur Polym J 43:4123\u20134135","journal-title":"Eur Polym J"},{"key":"8_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2014.03.006","volume":"96","author":"P Ang-atikarnkul","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ang-atikarnkul P, Watthanaphanit A, Rujiravanit R (2014) Fabrication of cellulose nanofiber\/chitin whisker\/silk sericin bionanocomposite sponges and characterizations of their physical and biological properties. Compos Sci Technol 96:88\u201396","journal-title":"Compos Sci Technol"},{"key":"8_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1002\/app.28634","volume":"110","author":"A Watthanaphanit","year":"2008","unstructured":"Watthanaphanit A, Supaphol P, Tamura H et al (2008) Fabrication, structure, and properties of chitin whisker-reinforced alginate nanocomposite fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 110:890\u2013899","journal-title":"J Appl Polym Sci"},{"key":"8_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4519","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/17\/17\/039","volume":"17","author":"J Junkasem","year":"2006","unstructured":"Junkasem J, Rujiravanit R, Supaphol P (2006) Fabrication of \u03b1-chitin whisker-reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite nanofibres by electrospinning. Nanotechnology 17:4519\u20134528","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.10.066","volume":"87","author":"Ya-li Ji","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ji, Wolfe, Rodriguez, et al. (2012) Preparation of chitin nanofibril\/polycaprolactone nanocomposite from a nonaqueous medium suspension. Carbohydr Polym 87:7","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"key":"8_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.03.031","volume":"109","author":"N Naseri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Naseri N, Algan C, Jacobs V et al (2014) Electrospun chitosan-based nanocomposite mats reinforced with chitin nanocrystals for wound dressing. Carbohydr Polym 109:7\u201315","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1021\/bm020127b","volume":"4","author":"K Gopalan Nair","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gopalan Nair K, Dufresne A (2003) Crab shell chitin whisker reinforced natural rubber nanocomposites. 1. Processing and swelling behavior. Biomacromolecules 4:657\u2013665","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"8_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1021\/bm901046c","volume":"11","author":"MV Tzoumaki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tzoumaki MV, Moschakis T, Biliaderis CG (2010) Metastability of nematic gels made of aqueous chitin nanocrystal dispersions. Biomacromolecules 11:175\u2013181","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"8_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2011.02.008","volume":"25","author":"MV Tzoumaki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tzoumaki MV, Moschakis T, Kiosseoglou V et al (2011) Oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by chitin nanocrystal particles. Food Hydrocolloids 25:1521\u20131529","journal-title":"Food Hydrocolloids"},{"key":"8_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1021\/bm034516x","volume":"5","author":"Y Lu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lu Y, Weng L, Zhang L (2004) Morphology and properties of soy protein isolate thermoplastics reinforced with chitin whiskers. Biomacromolecules 5:1046\u20131051","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"8_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2010.07.025","volume":"51","author":"X Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang X, Huang J, Chang PR et al (2010) Structure and properties of polysaccharide nanocrystal-doped supramolecular hydrogels based on cyclodextrin inclusion. Polymer 51:4398\u20134407","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"8_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/pj.2010.32","volume":"42","author":"Y Yamamoto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yamamoto Y, Nishimura T, Saito T et al (2010) CaCO3\/chitin-whisker hybrids: formation of CaCO3 crystals in chitin-based liquid-crystalline suspension. Polym J 42:583\u2013586","journal-title":"Polym J"},{"key":"8_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/pj.2012.11","volume":"44","author":"J Araki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Araki J, Yamanaka Y, Ohkawa K (2012) Chitin-chitosan nanocomposite gels: reinforcement of chitosan hydrogels with rod-like chitin nanowhiskers. Polym J 44:713\u2013717","journal-title":"Polym J"},{"key":"8_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2013.12.015","volume":"64","author":"B Ma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ma B, Qin A, Li X et al (2014) Structure and properties of chitin whisker reinforced chitosan membranes. Int J Biol Macromol 64:341\u2013346","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"8_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2014.01.015","volume":"120","author":"B Ma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ma B, Qin A, Li X et al (2014) Bioinspired design and chitin whisker reinforced chitosan membrane. Mater Lett 120:82\u201385","journal-title":"Mater Lett"},{"key":"8_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.02.046","volume":"107","author":"AGB Pereira","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pereira AGB, Muniz EC, Hsieh Y-L (2014) Chitosan-sheath and chitin-core nanowhiskers. Carbohydr Polym 107:158\u2013166","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3406","DOI":"10.1002\/app.32095","volume":"117","author":"P Hariraksapitak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hariraksapitak P, Supaphol P (2010) Preparation and properties of \u03b1-chitin-whisker-reinforced hyaluronan-gelatin nanocomposite scaffolds. J Appl Polym Sci 117:3406\u20133418","journal-title":"J Appl Polym Sci"},{"key":"8_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1021\/bm100109a","volume":"11","author":"S Ifuku","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ifuku S, Morooka S, Morimoto M et al (2010) Acetylation of chitin nanofibers and their transparent nanocomposite films. Biomacromolecules 11:1326\u20131330","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"8_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1021\/bm900163d","volume":"10","author":"S Ifuku","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ifuku S, Nogi M, Abe K et al (2009) Preparation of chitin nanofibers with a uniform width as alpha-chitin from crab shells. Biomacromolecules 10:1584\u20131588","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"8_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2013.11.057","volume":"56","author":"C Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen C, Li D, Hu Q et al (2014) Properties of polymethyl methacrylate-based nanocomposites: Reinforced with ultra-long chitin nanofiber extracted from crab shells. Mater Des 56:1049\u20131056","journal-title":"Mater Des"},{"key":"8_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2009.10.044","volume":"79","author":"Y Fan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fan Y, Saito T, Isogai A (2010) Individual chitin nano-whiskers prepared from partially deacetylated \u03b1-chitin by fibril surface cationization. Carbohydr Polym 79:1046\u20131051","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.022","volume":"69","author":"D Hatanaka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hatanaka D, Yamamoto K, J-i K (2014) Preparation of chitin nanofiber-reinforced carboxymethyl cellulose films. Int J Biol Macromol 69:35\u201338","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"8_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1002\/pen.21434","volume":"49","author":"JD Schiffman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schiffman JD, Stulga LA, Schauer CL (2009) Chitin and chitosan: Transformations due to the electrospinning process. Polym Eng Sci 49:1918\u20131928","journal-title":"Polym Eng Sci"},{"key":"8_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2006.03.016","volume":"27","author":"HK Noh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Noh HK, Lee SW, Kim J-M et al (2006) Electrospinning of chitin nanofibers: degradation behavior and cellular response to normal human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Biomaterials 27:3934\u20133944","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"8_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2004.08.048","volume":"45","author":"B-M Min","year":"2004","unstructured":"Min B-M, Lee SW, Lim JN et al (2004) Chitin and chitosan nanofibers: electrospinning of chitin and deacetylation of chitin nanofibers. Polymer 45:7137\u20137142","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"8_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2014.08.013","volume":"67","author":"Q Deng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deng Q, Li J, Yang J et al (2014) Optical and flexible \u00ce\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0-chitin nanofibers reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite film: fabrication and property. Compos A 67:55\u201360","journal-title":"Compos A"},{"key":"8_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2013.07.038","volume":"98","author":"Y Lu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lu Y, Sun Q, She X et al (2013) Fabrication and characterisation of \u03b1-chitin nanofibers and highly transparent chitin films by pulsed ultrasonication. Carbohydr Polym 98:1497\u20131504","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118609958.ch2","volume-title":"Biopolymer Nanocomposites","author":"Shinsuke Ifuku","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ifuku S, Shervani Z, Saimoto H (2013) Preparation of chitin nanofibers and their composites. In: Biopolymer nanocomposites, Wiley, pp 11\u201331"},{"key":"8_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.04.006","volume":"81","author":"M Nogi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nogi M, Kurosaki F, Yano H et al (2010) Preparation of nanofibrillar carbon from chitin nanofibers. Carbohydr Polym 81:919\u2013924","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.3390\/ma4081417","volume":"4","author":"S Ifuku","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ifuku S, Nomura R, Morimoto M et al (2011) Preparation of chitin nanofibers from mushrooms. Materials 4:1417\u20131425","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"8_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.05.038","volume":"112","author":"NE Mushi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mushi NE, Butchosa N, Salajkova M et al (2014) Nanostructured membranes based on native chitin nanofibers prepared by mild process. Carbohydr Polym 112:255\u2013263","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.04.047","volume":"116","author":"AM Salaberria","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salaberria AM, Fernandes SCM, Diaz RH et al (2015) Processing of \u03b1-chitin nanofibers by dynamic high pressure homogenization: characterization and antifungal activity against A. niger. Carbohydr Polym 116:286\u2013291","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2014.07.009","volume":"256","author":"AM Salaberria","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salaberria AM, Labidi J, Fernandes SCM (2014) Chitin nanocrystals and nanofibers as nano-sized fillers into thermoplastic starch-based biocomposites processed by melt-mixing. Chem Eng J 256:356\u2013364","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"8_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1021\/ma011493a","volume":"35","author":"A Morin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Morin A, Dufresne A (2002) Nanocomposites of chitin whiskers from riftia tubes and Poly(caprolactone). Macromolecules 35:2190\u20132199","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"8_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6527","DOI":"10.1021\/ma002049v","volume":"34","author":"M Paillet","year":"2001","unstructured":"Paillet M, Dufresne A (2001) Chitin whisker reinforced thermoplastic nanocomposites. Macromolecules 34:6527\u20136530","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"8_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.07.022","volume":"90","author":"IF Nata","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nata IF, Wang SS-S, Wu T-M et al (2012) \u03b2-chitin nanofibrils for self-sustaining hydrogels preparation via hydrothermal treatment. Carbohydr Polym 90:1509\u20131514","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4108","DOI":"10.1039\/c4tb00175c","volume":"2","author":"IF Nata","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nata IF, Wu T-M, Chen J-K et al (2014) A chitin nanofibril reinforced multifunctional monolith poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel. J Mater Chem B 2:4108","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"8_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4776","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201102639","volume":"23","author":"C Zhong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhong C, Kapetanovic A, Deng Y et al (2011) A chitin nanofiber ink for airbrushing, replica molding, and microcontact printing of self-assembled macro-, micro-, and nanostructures. Adv Mater (FRG) 23:4776\u20134781","journal-title":"Adv Mater (FRG)"},{"key":"8_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4217","DOI":"10.1039\/c3tb20782j","volume":"1","author":"P Hassanzadeh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hassanzadeh P, Kharaziha M, Nikkhah M et al (2013) Chitin nanofiber micropatterned flexible substrates for tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 1:4217\u20134224","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"8_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5298","DOI":"10.1039\/c0sm00450b","volume":"6","author":"C Zhong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhong C, Cooper A, Kapetanovic A et al (2010) A facile bottom-up route to self-assembled biogenic chitin nanofibers. Soft Matter 6:5298","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"8_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.1039\/c2jm15487k","volume":"22","author":"A Cooper","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cooper A, Zhong C, Kinoshita Y et al (2012) Self-assembled chitin nanofiber templates for artificial neural networks. J Mater Chem 22:3105","journal-title":"J Mater Chem"},{"key":"8_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2005.07.013","volume":"62","author":"J Sriupayo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sriupayo J, Supaphol P, Blackwell J et al (2005) Preparation and characterization of \u03b1-chitin whisker-reinforced chitosan nanocomposite films with or without heat treatment. Carbohydr Polym 62:130\u2013136","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"073112","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2450666","volume":"90","author":"H-P Zhao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhao H-P, Feng X-Q, Gao H (2007) Ultrasonic technique for extracting nanofibers from nature materials. Appl Phys Lett 90:073112","journal-title":"Appl Phys Lett"},{"key":"8_CR117","first-page":"439","volume-title":"Advanced Structured Materials","author":"Carlos Filipe Cidre Jo\u00e3o","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jo\u00e3o CFC, Silva JC, Borges JP (2015) Chitin based Nanocomposites: Biomedical Applications. In: Thakur VK, Thakur MK (eds) Eco-friendly polymer nanocomposites. Springer, India, p 576"},{"key":"8_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9477","DOI":"10.1039\/C4NR02814G","volume":"6","author":"F Ding","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ding F, Deng H, Du Y et al (2014) Emerging chitin and chitosan nanofibrous materials for biomedical applications. Nanoscale 6:9477\u20139493","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"8_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2011.09.026","volume":"50","author":"Y Fan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fan Y, Fukuzumi H, Saito T et al (2012) Comparative characterization of aqueous dispersions and cast films of different chitin nanowhiskers\/nanofibers. Int J Biol Macromol 50:69\u201376","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"8_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2013.09.076","volume":"101","author":"S Ifuku","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ifuku S, Ikuta A, Izawa H et al (2014) Control of mechanical properties of chitin nanofiber film using glycerol without losing its characteristics. Carbohydr Polym 101:714\u2013717","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-010-5969-5","volume":"102","author":"MI Shams","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shams MI, Ifuku S, Nogi M et al (2011) Fabrication of optically transparent chitin nanocomposites. Appl Phys A 102:325\u2013331","journal-title":"Appl Phys A"},{"key":"8_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2013.09.012","volume":"101","author":"Y Ji","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ji Y, Liang K, Shen X et al (2014) Electrospinning and characterization of chitin nanofibril\/polycaprolactone nanocomposite fiber mats. Carbohydr Polym 101:68\u201374","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3847","DOI":"10.1021\/am4005072","volume":"5","author":"C Zhou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhou C, Shi Q, Guo W et al (2013) Electrospun Bio-Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering by Cellulose Nanocrystals Reinforcing Maleic Anhydride Grafted PLA. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:3847\u20133854","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"8_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9-9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2009.09.031","volume":"79","author":"A Watthanaphanit","year":"2010","unstructured":"Watthanaphanit A, Supaphol P, Tamura H et al (2010) Wet-spun alginate\/chitosan whiskers nanocomposite fibers: Preparation, characterization and release characteristic of the whiskers. Carbohydr Polym 79:9-9","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.02.090","volume":"108","author":"VE Yudin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yudin VE, Dobrovolskaya IP, Neelov IM et al (2014) Wet spinning of fibers made of chitosan and chitin nanofibrils. Carbohydr Polym 108:176\u2013182","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2013.02.023","volume":"50","author":"H Valo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Valo H, Arola S, Laaksonen P et al (2013) Drug release from nanoparticles embedded in four different nanofibrillar cellulose aerogels. Eur J Pharm Sci 50:69\u201377","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"8_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201200717","volume":"6","author":"L Heath","year":"2013","unstructured":"Heath L, Zhu L, Thielemans W (2013) Chitin Nanowhisker Aerogels. ChemSusChem 6:537\u2013544","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"8_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4314","DOI":"10.1021\/bm501320b","volume":"15","author":"Y Tsutsumi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tsutsumi Y, Koga H, Qi Z-D et al (2014) Nanofibrillar chitin aerogels as renewable base catalysts. Biomacromolecules 15:4314\u20134319","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"8_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16997","DOI":"10.1039\/c1jm12110c","volume":"21","author":"E Belamie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Belamie E, Boltoeva MY, Yang K et al (2011) Tunable hierarchical porosity from self-assembled chitin\u2013silica nano-composites. J Mater Chem 21:16997","journal-title":"J Mater Chem"},{"key":"8_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2013.04.076","volume":"97","author":"S Chatrabhuti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chatrabhuti S, Chirachanchai S (2013) Single step coupling for multi-responsive water-based chitin\/chitosan magnetic nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 97:441\u2013450","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/195096","volume":"2015","author":"B Galateanu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Galateanu B, Bunea M-C, Stanescu P et al (2015) In Vitro studies of bacterial cellulose and magnetic nanoparticles smart nanocomposites for efficient chronic wounds healing. Stem Cells Int 2015:10","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"key":"8_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7348","DOI":"10.1039\/c4cc02170c","volume":"50","author":"J-M Malho","year":"2014","unstructured":"Malho J-M, Heinonen H, Kontro I et al (2014) Formation of ceramophilic chitin and biohybrid materials enabled by a genetically engineered bifunctional protein. Chem Commun 50:7348\u20137351","journal-title":"Chem Commun"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aspler J, Bouchard J, Hamad W et al (2013) Review of nanocellulosic products and their applications. In: Biopolymer Nanocomposites, Wiley, pp 461\u2013508","key":"8_CR133","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118609958.ch20"},{"key":"8_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2014.08.032","volume":"105","author":"K-Y Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee K-Y, Aitom\u00e4ki Y, Berglund LA et al (2014) On the use of nanocellulose as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites. Compos Sci Technol 105:15\u201327","journal-title":"Compos Sci Technol"},{"key":"8_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2009.02.022","volume":"69","author":"L Suryanegara","year":"2009","unstructured":"Suryanegara L, Nakagaito AN, Yano H (2009) The effect of crystallization of PLA on the thermal and mechanical properties of microfibrillated cellulose-reinforced PLA composites. Compos Sci Technol 69:1187\u20131192","journal-title":"Compos Sci Technol"},{"key":"8_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3687","DOI":"10.1021\/bm701061t","volume":"8","author":"Q Wu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wu Q, Henriksson M, Liu X et al (2007) A high strength nanocomposite based on microcrystalline cellulose and polyurethane. Biomacromolecules 8:3687\u20133692","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"8_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2008.03.006","volume":"68","author":"A Iwatake","year":"2008","unstructured":"Iwatake A, Nogi M, Yano H (2008) Cellulose nanofiber-reinforced polylactic acid. Compos Sci Technol 68:2103\u20132106","journal-title":"Compos Sci Technol"},{"key":"8_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2009.12.025","volume":"46","author":"A Bendahou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bendahou A, Kaddami H, Dufresne A (2010) Investigation on the effect of cellulosic nanoparticles\u2019 morphology on the properties of natural rubber based nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 46:609\u2013620","journal-title":"Eur Polym J"},{"key":"8_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2012.07.003","volume":"72","author":"K-Y Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee K-Y, Tang M, Williams CK et al (2012) Carbohydrate derived copoly(lactide) as the compatibilizer for bacterial cellulose reinforced polylactide nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 72:1646\u20131650","journal-title":"Compos Sci Technol"},{"key":"8_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2009.05.012","volume":"69","author":"IMG Martins","year":"2009","unstructured":"Martins IMG, Magina SP, Oliveira L et al (2009) New biocomposites based on thermoplastic starch and bacterial cellulose. Compos Sci Technol 69:2163\u20132168","journal-title":"Compos Sci Technol"},{"key":"8_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2009.02.024","volume":"69","author":"YZ Wan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wan YZ, Luo H, He F et al (2009) Mechanical, moisture absorption, and biodegradation behaviours of bacterial cellulose fibre-reinforced starch biocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 69:1212\u20131217","journal-title":"Compos Sci Technol"},{"key":"8_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2010.02.031","volume":"70","author":"E Trovatti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Trovatti E, Oliveira L, Freire CSR et al (2010) Novel bacterial cellulose\u2013acrylic resin nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 70:1148\u20131153","journal-title":"Compos Sci Technol"},{"key":"8_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1039\/C3TB21550D","volume":"2","author":"P Hassanzadeh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hassanzadeh P, Sun W, de Silva JP et al (2014) Mechanical properties of self-assembled chitin nanofiber networks. J Mater Chem B 2:2461\u20132466","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/0021955X11402549","volume":"47","author":"Reza Rizvi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rizvi R, Cochrane B, Naguib H et al (2011) Fabrication and characterization of melt-blended polylactide-chitin composites and their foams. J Cell Plast 47:283\u2013300","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Plastics"},{"key":"8_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2013.02.055","volume":"95","author":"B Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang B, Li J, Zhang J et al (2013) Thermo-mechanical properties of the composite made of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and acetylated chitin nanocrystals. Carbohydr Polym 95:100\u2013106","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1021\/bm0201284","volume":"4","author":"KG Nair","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nair KG, Dufresne A (2003) Crab shell chitin whisker reinforced natural rubber nanocomposites. 2. Mechanical behavior. Biomacromolecules 4:666\u2013674","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"8_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1021\/bm030058g","volume":"4","author":"KG Nair","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nair KG, Dufresne A, Gandini A et al (2003) Crab shell chitin whiskers reinforced natural rubber nanocomposites. 3. Effect of chemical modification of chitin whiskers. Biomacromolecules 4:1835\u20131842","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"8_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.03.040","volume":"85","author":"X Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li X, Li X, Ke B et al (2011) Cooperative performance of chitin whisker and rectorite fillers on chitosan films. Carbohydr Polym 85:747\u2013752","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.09.007","volume":"115","author":"V Rubentheren","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rubentheren V, Ward TA, Chee CY et al (2015) Processing and analysis of chitosan nanocomposites reinforced with chitin whiskers and tannic acid as a crosslinker. Carbohydr Polym 115:379\u2013387","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.30535","volume":"79B","author":"LE Millon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Millon LE, Wan WK (2006) The polyvinyl alcohol\u2013bacterial cellulose system as a new nanocomposite for biomedical applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 79B:245\u2013253","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"8_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2009.10.007","volume":"31","author":"KA Zimmermann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zimmermann KA, LeBlanc JM, Sheets KT et al (2011) Biomimetic design of a bacterial cellulose\/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for bone healing applications. Mater Sci Eng C 31:43\u201349","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C"},{"key":"8_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/2191-0855-2-61","volume":"2","author":"N Tazi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tazi N, Zhang Z, Messaddeq Y et al (2012) Hydroxyapatite bioactivated bacterial cellulose promotes osteoblast growth and the formation of bone nodules. AMB Express 2:61","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"key":"8_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.08.037","volume":"87","author":"C Zhijiang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhijiang C, Chengwei H, Guang Y (2012) Poly(3-hydroxubutyrate-co-4-hydroxubutyrate)\/bacterial cellulose composite porous scaffold: preparation, characterization and biocompatibility evaluation. Carbohydr Polym 87:1073\u20131080","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.10.063","volume":"87","author":"AP Mathew","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mathew AP, Oksman K, Pierron D et al (2012) Fibrous cellulose nanocomposite scaffolds prepared by partial dissolution for potential use as ligament or tendon substitutes. Carbohydr Polym 87:2291\u20132298","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2010.09.055","volume":"26","author":"AC Baptista","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baptista AC, Martins JI, Fortunato E et al (2011) Thin and flexible bio-batteries made of electrospun cellulose-based membranes. Biosens Bioelectron 26:2742\u20132745","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"8_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2011.09.090","volume":"67","author":"PQ Franco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Franco PQ, Jo\u00e3o CFC, Silva JC et al (2012) Electrospun hydroxyapatite fibers from a simple sol\u2013gel system. Mater Lett 67:233\u2013236","journal-title":"Mater Lett"},{"key":"8_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.12974\/2311-8717.2013.01.01.7","volume":"1","author":"AC Baptista","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baptista AC, Ferreira I, Borges JP (2013) Electrospun fibers in composite materials for medical applications. J Compos Biodegrad Polym 1:56\u201365","journal-title":"J Compos Biodegrad Polym"},{"key":"8_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2014.11.015","volume":"39","author":"AC Baptista","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baptista AC, Botas AM, Almeida APC et al (2015) Down conversion photoluminescence on PVP\/Ag-nanoparticles electrospun composite fibers. Opt Mater 39:278\u2013281","journal-title":"Opt Mater"},{"key":"8_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.06.045","volume":"90","author":"S Xin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xin S, Li Y, Li W et al (2012) Carboxymethyl chitin\/organic rectorite composites based nanofibrous mats and their cell compatibility. Carbohydr Polym 90:1069\u20131074","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7-7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2009.03.009","volume":"77","author":"KT Shalumon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shalumon KT, Binulal NS, Selvamurugan N et al (2009) Electrospinning of carboxymethyl chitin\/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Carbohydr Polym 77:7-7","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.060","volume":"79","author":"SK Bajpai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bajpai SK, Pathak V, Soni B (2015) Minocycline-loaded cellulose nano whiskers\/poly(sodium acrylate) composite hydrogel films as wound dressing. Int J Biol Macromol 79:76\u201385","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"8_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.03.093","volume":"89","author":"M Ul-Islam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ul-Islam M, Khan T, Park JK (2012) Nanoreinforced bacterial cellulose\u2013montmorillonite composites for biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 89:1189\u20131197","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.10.071","volume":"83","author":"Y Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang Y, Chen L (2011) Impacts of nanowhisker on formation kinetics and properties of all-cellulose composite gels. Carbohydr Polym 83:1937\u20131946","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.07.063","volume":"115","author":"MR Mauricio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mauricio MR, da Costa PG, Haraguchi SK et al (2015) Synthesis of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers and starch for drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 115:715\u2013722","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-009-3877-z","volume":"21","author":"K Madhumathi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Madhumathi K, Sudheesh Kumar PT, Abhilash S et al (2009) Development of novel chitin\/nanosilver composite scaffolds for wound dressing applications. Journal of materials science. Mater Med 21:807\u2013813","journal-title":"Mater Med"},{"key":"8_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2009.12.024","volume":"80","author":"PTS Kumar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kumar PTS, Abhilash S, Manzoor K et al (2010) Preparation and characterization of novel \u03b2-chitin\/nanosilver composite scaffolds for wound dressing applications. Carbohydr Polym 80:761\u2013767","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2007.04.008","volume":"70","author":"RAA Muzzarelli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Muzzarelli RAA, Morganti P, Morganti G et al (2007) Chitin nanofibrils\/chitosan glycolate composites as wound medicaments. Carbohydr Polym 70:274\u2013284","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"8_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2007.12.004","volume":"42","author":"CR Yoo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yoo CR, Yeo I-S, Park KE et al (2008) Effect of chitin\/silk fibroin nanofibrous bicomponent structures on interaction with human epidermal keratinocytes. Int J Biol Macromol 42:324\u2013334","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"unstructured":"Shelma R, Paul W, Sharma CP (2008) Chitin nanofibre reinforced thin chitosan films for Wound healing application. Trends Biomater Artif Organs 22:111\u2013115","key":"8_CR169"},{"unstructured":"Ifuku S, Saimoto H, Azuma K, et al. (2015) Preparation of Chitin Nanofibers for Biomedical Application. (null). CRC Press, 169\u2013179","key":"8_CR170"},{"key":"8_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2011.02.039","volume":"85","author":"N Lin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lin N, Huang J, Chang PR et al (2011) Effect of polysaccharide nanocrystals on structure, properties, and drug release kinetics of alginate-based microspheres. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 85:270\u2013279","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"8_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14300","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ta13137h","volume":"1","author":"S Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li S, Guo ZP, Wang CY et al (2013) Flexible cellulose based polypyrrole-multiwalled carbon nanotube films for bio-compatible zinc batteries activated by simulated body fluids. J Mater Chem A 1:14300\u201314305","journal-title":"J Mater Chem A"},{"key":"8_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.3390\/nano3030524","volume":"3","author":"H Yoon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yoon H (2013) Current trends in sensors based on conducting polymer nanomaterials. Nanomaterials 3:524","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"8_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8453","DOI":"10.1021\/jp204422v","volume":"115","author":"W Hu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hu W, Chen S, Yang Z et al (2011) Flexible electrically conductive nanocomposite membrane based on bacterial cellulose and polyaniline. J Phys Chem B 115:8453\u20138457","journal-title":"J Phys Chem B"},{"key":"8_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.1021\/ie303297b","volume":"52","author":"Z Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin Z, Guan Z, Huang Z (2013) New bacterial cellulose\/polyaniline nanocomposite film with one conductive side through constrained interfacial polymerization. Ind Eng Chem Res 52:2869\u20132874","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Res"},{"key":"8_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2013.04.034","volume":"105","author":"L Valentini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Valentini L, Cardinali M, Fortunati E et al (2013) A novel method to prepare conductive nanocrystalline cellulose\/graphene oxide composite films. Mater Lett 105:4\u20137","journal-title":"Mater Lett"},{"key":"8_CR177","first-page":"73","volume":"18","author":"NP Na","year":"2008","unstructured":"Na NP (2008) Chitin nanowhisker and chitosan nanoparticles in protein immobilization for biosensor applications. J Met Mater Miner 18:73\u201377","journal-title":"J Met Mater Miner"},{"key":"8_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1021\/jp808640j","volume":"113","author":"AM Stephan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stephan AM, Kumar TP, Kulandainathan MA et al (2009) Chitin-incorporated poly(ethylene oxide)-based nanocomposite electrolytes for lithium batteries. J Phys Chem B 113:1963\u20131971","journal-title":"J Phys Chem B"},{"key":"8_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s12896-014-0104-x","volume":"14","author":"P Aramwit","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aramwit P, Bang N (2014) The characteristics of bacterial nanocellulose gel releasing silk sericin for facial treatment. BMC Biotechnol 14:104","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnol"},{"unstructured":"Morganti P, Muzzarelli RAA, Muzzarelli C (2006) Multifunctional use of innovative chitin nanofibrils for skin care. J Appl Cosmetol 24:105\u2013114","key":"8_CR180"},{"key":"8_CR181","first-page":"81","volume":"122","author":"P Morganti","year":"2007","unstructured":"Morganti P, Morganti G, muzzarelli RAA et al (2007) Chitin nanofibrils: a natural compound for innovative cosmeceuticals. Cosmet Toilet 122:81\u201388","journal-title":"Cosmet Toilet"},{"unstructured":"Morganti P, Fabrizi G, Palombo P et al (2008) Chitin-nanofibrils: a new active cosmetic carrier. J Appl Cosmetol 26:113\u2013128","key":"8_CR182"},{"key":"8_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2008.01.003","volume":"26","author":"P Morganti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Morganti P, Morganti G (2008) Chitin nanofibrils for advanced cosmeceuticals. Clin Dermatol 26:334\u2013340","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"8_CR184","first-page":"36","volume":"125","author":"P Morganti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Morganti P (2010) Chitin nanofibrils for cosmetic delivery. Cosmet Toilet 125:36\u201339","journal-title":"Cosmet Toilet"},{"key":"8_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1201\/EBK1439816035-c37","volume-title":"Chitin, Chitosan, Oligosaccharides and Their Derivatives","author":"P Morganti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Morganti P (2011) Chitin nanofibrils and their derivatives as cosmeceuticals. In: Kim S-K (ed) Chitin, chitosan, oligosaccharides and their derivatives: biological activities and applications, CRC Press, New York"},{"key":"8_CR186","first-page":"251","volume":"27","author":"P Morganti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morganti P (2015) Chitin-nanofibrils in skin treatment. J Appl Cosmetol 27:251\u2013270","journal-title":"J Appl Cosmetol"},{"key":"8_CR187","first-page":"69","volume":"26","author":"G Biagini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Biagini G, Zizzi A, Giantomassi F (2008) Cutaneous absorption of nanostructured chitin associated with natural synergistic molecules (lutein). J Appl Cosmetol 26:69\u201380","journal-title":"J Appl Cosmetol"},{"key":"8_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7254","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-012-6674-x","volume":"47","author":"H Hatakeyama","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hatakeyama H, Kato N, Nanbo T et al (2012) Water absorbent polyurethane composites derived from molasses and lignin filled with microcrystalline cellulose. J Mater Sci 47:7254\u20137261","journal-title":"J Mater Sci"},{"key":"8_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-013-9876-8","volume":"20","author":"MH Gabr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gabr MH, Phong NT, Abdelkareem MA et al (2013) Mechanical, thermal, and moisture absorption properties of nano-clay reinforced nano-cellulose biocomposites. Cellulose 20:819\u2013826","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"8_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1021\/bm1013316","volume":"12","author":"H Ma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ma H, Burger C, Hsiao BS et al (2011) Ultrafine polysaccharide nanofibrous membranes for water purification. Biomacromolecules 12:970\u2013976","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"8_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1021\/la504576p","volume":"31","author":"Y Huang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang Y, He M, Lu A et al (2015) Hydrophobic modification of chitin whisker and its potential application in structuring oil. Langmuir 31:1641\u20131648","journal-title":"Langmuir"}],"container-title":["Textile Science and Clothing Technology","Fibrous and Textile Materials for Composite Applications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-981-10-0234-2_8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T22:45:50Z","timestamp":1718318750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-981-10-0234-2_8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"ISBN":["9789811002328","9789811002342"],"references-count":191,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-10-0234-2_8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-9863","2197-9871"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2197-9863"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2197-9871"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}