{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T08:40:09Z","timestamp":1746348009024,"version":"3.40.4"},"publisher-location":"Singapore","reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Nature Singapore","isbn-type":[{"value":"9789819610075","type":"print"},{"value":"9789819610082","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-96-1008-2_4","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T06:50:16Z","timestamp":1746341416000},"page":"55-70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Crisis of the University: From Social Institution to Social Organization"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Amaral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"4_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aghion, P., Dewatripont, M., Hoxby, C. Mas-Colell, A., & Sapir, A. (2009). The governance and performance of research universities: Evidence from Europe and the U.S. working paper 14851. National Bureau of Economic Research. http:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w14851. Accessed 15 December 2019","DOI":"10.3386\/w14851"},{"key":"4_CR2","first-page":"9","volume":"21","author":"P Altbach","year":"2000","unstructured":"Altbach, P. (2000). Academic freedom in Hong Kong-threats inside and out. International Higher Education, 21, 9\u201310.","journal-title":"International Higher Education"},{"key":"4_CR06","unstructured":"Amaral, A. (2018). Universities and the knowledge society revisited. In R. Barnett, & M. Peters (Eds.), The idea of the university, contemporary perspectives (pp. 353\u2013369). Peter Lang."},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-8733(00)00028-3","volume":"14","author":"A Amaral","year":"2001","unstructured":"Amaral, A., & Magalh\u00e3es, A. (2001). On markets, autonomy and regulation the Janus head revisited. Higher Education Policy, 14(1), 7\u201320.","journal-title":"Higher Education Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.hep.8300018","volume":"16","author":"A Amaral","year":"2003","unstructured":"Amaral, A., & Magalh\u00e3es, A. (2003). The triple crisis of the university and its reinvention. Higher Education Policy, 16(2), 239\u2013253.","journal-title":"Higher Education Policy"},{"key":"4_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-0072-7_7","volume-title":"The higher education managerial revolution?","author":"A Amaral","year":"2003","unstructured":"Amaral, A., Magalh\u00e3es, A., & Santiago, R. (2003). The rise of academic managerialism in Portugal. In A. Amaral, V. L. Meek, & I. M. Larsen (Eds.), The higher education managerial revolution? (pp. 131\u2013154). Kluwer."},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1057\/hep.2012.29","volume":"26","author":"A Amaral","year":"2013","unstructured":"Amaral, A., Tavares, O., & Santos, C. (2013). Higher education reform in Portugal: A historical and comparative perspective of the new legal framework for public universities. Higher Education Policy, 26(1), 5\u201324.","journal-title":"Higher Education Policy"},{"key":"4_CR7","unstructured":"Bailey, R.W. (2008). Is the university in ruins? (Discussion Paper No.2008\u201302). United Kingdom: Institute for Economic Development Policy, University of Birmingham."},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/03050069828225","volume":"34","author":"S Ball","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ball, S. (1998). Big policies\/small world: An introduction to international perspectives in education policy. Comparative Education, 34(2), 119\u2013130.","journal-title":"Comparative Education"},{"key":"4_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-8994-7_2","volume-title":"From governance to identity","author":"R Barnett","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barnett, R. (2008). Being an academic in a time-impoverished age. In A. Amaral, I. Bleiklie, & C. Musselin (Eds.), From governance to identity (pp. 7\u201317). Springer."},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.hep.8300167","volume":"20","author":"I Bleiklie","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bleiklie, I., & Kogan, M. (2007). Organization and governance of universities. Higher Education Policy, 20(4), 477\u2013493.","journal-title":"Higher Education Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1177\/0170840600214003","volume":"21","author":"N Brunsson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brunsson, N., & Sahlin-Andersen, K. (2000). Constructing organizations: The example of public sector reform. Organization Studies, 21(4), 721\u2013746.","journal-title":"Organization Studies"},{"key":"4_CR12","unstructured":"Chau\u00ed, M.A. (1999). Universidade em ru\u00ednas. In H. Trindade (Ed.), Universidade em ru\u00ednas\u2014na rep\u00fablica dos professores (pp. 211\u2013222). Editora Vozes."},{"key":"4_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520340725","volume-title":"The higher education system: Academic organization in cross national perspective","author":"BR Clark","year":"1983","unstructured":"Clark, B. R. (1983). The higher education system: Academic organization in cross national perspective (p. 330). University of California Press."},{"key":"4_CR14","first-page":"174","volume-title":"The state and education policy","author":"R Dale","year":"1989","unstructured":"Dale, R. (1989). The state and education policy (p. 174). Open University Press."},{"key":"4_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-2835-0_4","volume-title":"Markets in higher education: Rhetoric or reality?","author":"D Dill","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dill, D., & Soo, M. (2004). Transparency and quality in higher education markets. In P. Teixeira, B. Jongbloed, D. Dill, & A. Amaral (Eds.), Markets in higher education: Rhetoric or reality? (pp. 61\u201385). Springer."},{"key":"4_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-2835-0_15","volume-title":"Markets in higher education: Rhetoric or reality?","author":"D Dill","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dill, D., Teixeira, P., Jongbloed, B., & Ameral, A. (2004). Conclusion. In P. Teixeira, J. Jongbloed, D. Dill, & A. Ameral (Eds.), Markets in higher education: Rhetoric or reality? (pp. 327\u2013353). Springer."},{"key":"4_CR17","unstructured":"Duke, C. (1992). The learning university. Towards a new paradigm? (p. 155). SHRE and Open Press University."},{"key":"4_CR18","unstructured":"Enders, J., & Fulton, O. (Eds.). (2000). Higher education in a globalising world: International trends and mutual observations (Vol. 1, p. 264). Kluwer Academic Publishers."},{"key":"4_CR19","volume-title":"Europe needs modernised universities (IP\/06\/592)","author":"E Commission","year":"2006","unstructured":"Commission, E. (2006). Europe needs modernised universities (IP\/06\/592). European Commission."},{"key":"4_CR20","first-page":"1","volume-title":"University governance: Western European comparative perspective","author":"E Ferlie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferlie, E., Musselin, C., & Andresani, G. (2009). The governance of higher education systems: A public management perspective. In C. Paradeise, E. Reale, I. Bleiklie, & E. Ferlie (Eds.), University governance: Western European comparative perspective (pp. 1\u201319). Springer."},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR21","first-page":"7","volume":"4","author":"O Fulton","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fulton, O. (1994). O Mal-estar da profiss\u00e3o acad\u00e9mica. Boletim Da Universidade Do Porto, 4(3), 7\u201312.","journal-title":"Boletim Da Universidade Do Porto"},{"key":"4_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-22873-7","volume-title":"Quasi-markets and social policy","author":"LJ Grand","year":"1993","unstructured":"Grand, L. J., & Bartlett, W. (1993). Quasi-markets and social policy (p. 265). Macmillan Press."},{"key":"4_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198273769.001.0001","volume-title":"Decline of donnish dominion: The British academic professions in the twentieth century","author":"AH Halsey","year":"1992","unstructured":"Halsey, A. H. (1992). Decline of donnish dominion: The British academic professions in the twentieth century (p. 344). Clarendon Press."},{"key":"4_CR24","unstructured":"Henkel, M. (2000). Academic identities and policy changes in higher education (Vol. 46, p. 288). Jessica Kingsley."},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.2307\/3003320","volume":"10","author":"B Holmstrom","year":"1979","unstructured":"Holmstrom, B. (1979). Moral hazard and observability. Bell Journal of Economics, 10(1), 74\u201391.","journal-title":"Bell Journal of Economics"},{"key":"4_CR26","unstructured":"Jongbloed, B. (2003, 4\u20136 September). Flexible fees: great expectations and critical conditions. In 16th CHER Annual Conference. Porto, Portugal."},{"key":"4_CR27","unstructured":"Kassim, H., & Menon, A. (2002). The principal-agent approach and the study of the European Union: A provisional assessment. The European research institute working paper series (pp. 1\u201318). Birmingham: University of Birmingham."},{"key":"4_CR28","first-page":"299","volume-title":"The logic of delegation","author":"RD Kiewiet","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kiewiet, R. D., & McCubbins, D. M. (1991). The logic of delegation (p. 299). University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"4_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-3937-6_34","volume-title":"European Higher Education at the Crossroads: Between the Bologna process and national reforms","author":"M Klemencic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Klemencic, M. (2012). The changing conceptions of student participation in higher education governance in the EHEA. In A. Curaj, P. Scott, L. Vlasceanu, & L. Wilson (Eds.), European Higher Education at the Crossroads: Between the Bologna process and national reforms (pp. 631\u2013653). Springer."},{"key":"4_CR30","unstructured":"Kogan, M. (1996). Management and evaluation in higher education. In UNESCO forum occasional paper series (Paper No 7). Paris. UNESCO."},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"4_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2307\/1502965","volume":"23","author":"P Maassen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Maassen, P., & Vught, V. F. (1988). An intriguing Janus-head: The two faces of the new government strategy towards higher education in the Netherlands. European Journal of Education, 23(1\/2), 65\u201376.","journal-title":"European Journal of Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-3435.00038","volume":"35","author":"A Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2000","unstructured":"Magalh\u00e3es, A., & Amaral, A. (2000). Portuguese higher education and the imaginary friend: The stakeholders\u2019 role in institutional governance. European Journal of Education, 35(4), 439\u2013448.","journal-title":"European Journal of Education"},{"key":"4_CR33","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Higher education: Recent trends, emerging issues and future outlook","author":"A Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2013","unstructured":"Magalh\u00e3es, A., & Veiga, A. (2013). What about education in higher education? In L. Smith (Ed.), Higher education: Recent trends, emerging issues and future outlook (pp. 57\u201372). Nova Science Publishers."},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/hequ.12021","volume":"67","author":"A Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2013","unstructured":"Magalh\u00e3es, A., Veiga, A., Amaral, A., Sousa, S., & Ribeiro, F. (2013). Governance of governance in higher education: Practices and lessons drawn from the Portuguese case. Higher Education Quarterly, 67(3), 295\u2013311.","journal-title":"Higher Education Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR35","first-page":"123","volume":"65","author":"D Mahony","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mahony, D. (1994). Government and the universities: The \u2018new\u2019 mutuality in Australian higher education\u2014a national case study. Journal of Higher Education, 65(2), 123\u2013146.","journal-title":"Journal of Higher Education"},{"key":"4_CR36","unstructured":"Mandeville, B. (1963). The fable of the bees, or private vices public benefits. http:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/fableofthebeesor027890mbp\/fableofthebeesor027890mbp_djvu.txt. Accessed 15 December 2019"},{"key":"4_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-2835-0_2","volume-title":"Markets in higher education: Rhetoric or reality?","author":"WF Massy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Massy, W. F. (2004). Markets in higher education: Do they promote internal efficiency? In P. Teixeira, B. Jongbloed, D. Dill, & A. Amaral (Eds.), Markets in higher education: Rhetoric or reality? (pp. 13\u201335). Kluwer Academic Publishers."},{"key":"4_CR38","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The higher education managerial revolution?","author":"L Meek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Meek, L. (2003). Introduction. In A. Amaral, V. L. Meek, & I. M. Larsen (Eds.), The higher education managerial revolution? (pp. 1\u201329). Kluwers Academic Publishers."},{"key":"4_CR39","unstructured":"Ministry of Education of Finland. (2001). Management by results in higher education. New Delhi: MOE, GOI. http:\/\/www.minedu.fi\/export\/sites\/default\/OPM\/Julkaisut\/2004\/liitteet\/opm_233_opm20.pdf?lang=en. Accessed 15 December 2019"},{"key":"4_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctt1w6td7s","volume-title":"Power and authority in British universities","author":"GC Moodie","year":"1974","unstructured":"Moodie, G. C., & Eustace, R. B. (1974). Power and authority in British universities (p. 256). Allen & Unwin."},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"4_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2307\/1502961","volume":"23","author":"G Neave","year":"1988","unstructured":"Neave, G. (1988). On the cultivation of quality, efficiency and enterprise: An overview of recent trends in higher education in Western Europe, 1986\u20131988. European Journal of Education, 23(1\/2), 7\u201323.","journal-title":"European Journal of Education"},{"key":"4_CR03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neave, G. (2001). Anything goes: Or, how the accommodation of Europe\u2019s Universities to European integration integrates \u2013 an inspiring number of contradictions. Tertiary Education and Management, 8(3), 181\u2013197.","DOI":"10.1080\/13583883.2002.9967078"},{"key":"4_CR42","first-page":"54","volume-title":"Emerging patterns of social demand and university reform: Through a glass darkly","author":"G Neave","year":"1995","unstructured":"Neave, G. (1995). The Stirring of the prince and the silence of the lambs: The changing assumptions beneath higher education policy, reform and society. In D. Dill & B. Sporn (Eds.), Emerging patterns of social demand and university reform: Through a glass darkly (pp. 54\u201371). Pergamon Press."},{"key":"4_CR43","first-page":"26","volume-title":"The mockers and mocked: Comparative perspectives on differentiation, convergence and diversity in higher education","author":"G Neave","year":"1996","unstructured":"Neave, G. (1996). Homogenization, integration and convergence: The Cheshire cats of higher education analysis. In V. L. Meek, L. Goedegebuure, O. Kivinen, & R. Rinne (Eds.), The mockers and mocked: Comparative perspectives on differentiation, convergence and diversity in higher education (pp. 26\u201341). Pergamon Press."},{"key":"4_CR44","first-page":"244","volume-title":"Prometheus bound: The changing relationship between government and higher education in Western Europe","author":"G Neave","year":"1991","unstructured":"Neave, G., & Van Vught, F. (1991). Prometheus bound: The changing relationship between government and higher education in Western Europe (p. 244). Pergamon Press."},{"key":"4_CR45","unstructured":"Nybom, T. (2002). The Humboldt legacy and the contemporary European university. In Conference on excellence in higher education. Wenner Gren Center."},{"key":"4_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1787\/epa-2003-en","volume-title":"Education policy analysis 2003","author":"OECD","year":"2003","unstructured":"OECD. (2003). Education policy analysis 2003. OECD."},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/13600800600980072","volume":"29","author":"D Orr","year":"2007","unstructured":"Orr, D., Jaeger, M., & Schwarzenberger, A. (2007). Performance-based funding as an instrument of competition in German higher education. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 29(1), 3\u201323.","journal-title":"Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1162\/002081897550311","volume":"51","author":"M Pollack","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pollack, M. (1997). Delegation, agency and agenda setting in the European community. International Organization, 51(1), 99\u2013134.","journal-title":"International Organization"},{"key":"4_CR49","unstructured":"Ritzen, J. (2011). A framework for scoring the empowerment of universities in the EU member states. In Conference on university policy for strengthening competitiveness and social cohesion. The Netherlands: Maastricht."},{"key":"4_CR50","unstructured":"Salmi, J., & Hauptman A. M. (2006). Innovations in tertiary education financing: acomparative evaluation of allocation mechanisms. In Education Working Paper Mechanisms (No 4). World Bank."},{"key":"4_CR02","unstructured":"Santos, B. S. (1996). Pela m\u00e3o de Alice: O social e o pol\u00edtico na p\u00f3s-modernidade \/ By Alice\u2019s hand: The social and the political in postmodernity (5th edn.). Porto, Edi\u00e7\u00f5es Afrontamento."},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.5.2.45","volume":"5","author":"DM Sappington","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sappington, D. M. (1991). Incentives in principal-agent relationship. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(2), 45\u201366.","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Perspectives"},{"key":"4_CR52","unstructured":"Scott, P. (1995). The meanings of mass higher education. Buckingham: SHRE and Open University Press."},{"issue":"10","key":"4_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14719037.2014.943268","volume":"17","author":"M Seeber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seeber, M., Lepori, B., Montauti, M., Enders, J., Boer, H., Weyer, E., Bleiklie, I., Hope, K., Michelsen, S., Mathisen, N. G., Fr\u00f8lich, N., Scordato, L., Stensaker, B., Waagene, E., Dragsic, Z., Kretek, P., Kr\u00fccken, G., Magalh\u00e3es, A., Ribeiro, M. F., \u2026 Reale, E. (2015). European universities as complete organizations? Understanding identity, hierarchy and rationality in public organizations. Public Management Review, 17(10), 1\u201331.","journal-title":"Public Management Review"},{"key":"4_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shattock, M. (2012). University governance: an issue for our time. Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education, 16(2), 56\u201361.","DOI":"10.1080\/13603108.2011.645082"},{"issue":"8","key":"4_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2014.977859","volume":"41","author":"C Sin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sin, C., & Neave, G. (2014). Employability deconstructed: Perceptions of Bologna stakeholders. Studies in Higher Education, 41(8), 1447\u20131462.","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"key":"4_CR05","unstructured":"Slaughter, S., & Leslie, L. (1997). Academic capitalism: Politics, policies and the entrepreneurial University. John Hopkins Press."},{"key":"4_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-0072-7_10","volume-title":"The higher education managerial revolution?","author":"S Slaughter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Slaughter, S., & Rhoades, G. (2003). Contested intellectual property: The role of the institution in United States higher education. In A. Amaral, V. L. Meek, & I. M. Larsen (Eds.), The higher education managerial revolution? (pp. 203\u2013228). KLUWER Academic Press."},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8454.00101","volume":"39","author":"RL Smith","year":"2000","unstructured":"Smith, R. L. (2000). When competition is not enough: Consumer protection. Australian Economic Papers, 39(4), 408\u2013425.","journal-title":"Australian Economic Papers"},{"key":"4_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, A. (1776). An inquiry into the nature and causes of the Wealth of Nations (1st edn., Vol. 2, p. 543). Methuen & Co.","DOI":"10.1093\/oseo\/instance.00043218"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1515\/auk-2009-0112","volume":"31","author":"P Streckeisen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Streckeisen, P. (2009). Knowledge society\u2013or contemporary capitalism\u2019s fanciest dress. Analyse & Kritik, 31(1), 181\u2013197.","journal-title":"Analyse & Kritik"},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015292413037","volume":"43","author":"CA Torres","year":"2002","unstructured":"Torres, C. A., & Schugurensky, D. (2002). The political economy of higher education in the era of neoliberal globalization: Latin America in comparative perspective. Higher Education, 43(4), 429\u2013455.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-8733(96)00029-3","volume":"9","author":"M Trow","year":"1996","unstructured":"Trow, M. (1996). Trust, Markets and accountability in higher education: A comparative perspective. Higher Education Policy, 9(4), 309\u2013324.","journal-title":"Higher Education Policy"},{"key":"4_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-137-45617-5_22","volume-title":"The palgrave international handbook of higher education policy and governance","author":"A Veiga","year":"2015","unstructured":"Veiga, A., Magalh\u00e3es, A., & Amaral, A. (2015). From collegial governance to boardism: Reconfiguring governance in higher education. In J. Huisman, H. de Boer, D. Dill, & M. Souto-Otero (Eds.), The palgrave international handbook of higher education policy and governance (pp. 398\u2013416). Palgrave Macmillan."},{"key":"4_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-2835-0_11","volume-title":"Markets in higher education rhetoric or reality?","author":"G Williams","year":"2004","unstructured":"Williams, G. (2004). The higher education market in the United Kingdom. In P. Teixeira, B. Jongbloed, D. Dill, & A. Amaral (Eds.), Markets in higher education rhetoric or reality? (pp. 241\u2013270). Kluwer Academic Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR64","first-page":"29","volume":"30","author":"J Wyatt","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wyatt, J. (1998). The lengthening shadow of one man: The public intellectual and the founding of universities. Higher Education Review, 30(2), 29\u201349.","journal-title":"Higher Education Review"}],"container-title":["Governance and Autonomy in Higher Education in India"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-981-96-1008-2_4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T08:03:09Z","timestamp":1746345789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-981-96-1008-2_4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"ISBN":["9789819610075","9789819610082"],"references-count":68,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-96-1008-2_4","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 May 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}