{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T07:45:07Z","timestamp":1764402307676},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1972,9,1]],"date-time":"1972-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":84153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molec. gen. Genet."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1972,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf00333859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,25]],"date-time":"2004-10-25T23:18:29Z","timestamp":1098746309000},"page":"207-222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Electron microscopy of polar insertions in the lac operon of Escherichia coli"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"M. H.","family":"Malamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Fiandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W.","family":"Szybalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF00333859_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/0926-6550(63)90026-4","volume":"76","author":"J. R. Beckwith","year":"1963","unstructured":"Beckwith, J. R.: Restoration of operon activity by suppressors. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 76, 162\u2013164 (1963).","journal-title":"Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.)"},{"key":"BF00333859_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/newbio237232a0","volume":"237","author":"F. R. Blattner","year":"1972","unstructured":"Blattner, F. R., Dahlberg, J. E., Boettiger, J. K., Fiandt, M., Szybalski, W.: Distance from a promotor mutation to an RNA synthesis startpoint on bacteriophage lambda DNA. Nature (Lond.) New Biol. 237, 232\u2013236 (1972).","journal-title":"Nature (Lond.) New Biol."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00283357","volume":"108","author":"P. Brachet","year":"1970","unstructured":"Brachet, P., Eisen, H., Rambach, A.: Mutations of coliphage \u03bb affecting the expression of replicative functions O and P. Molec. gen. Genet. 108, 266\u2013276 (1970).","journal-title":"Molec. gen. Genet."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/newbio236240a0","volume":"236","author":"A. I. Bukhari","year":"1972","unstructured":"Bukhari, A. I., Zipser, D.: Random insertion of Mu-1 DNA within a single gene. Nature (Lond.) New Biol. 236, 240\u2013243 (1972).","journal-title":"Nature (Lond.) New Biol."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2962","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.68.12.2962","volume":"68","author":"T. Carter","year":"1971","unstructured":"Carter, T., Newton, A.: New polarity suppressors in Escherichia coli: Suppression and messenger RNA stability. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 68, 2962\u20132966 (1971).","journal-title":"Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.)"},{"key":"BF00333859_CR6","first-page":"693","volume":"91","author":"G. Cohen","year":"1956","unstructured":"Cohen, G., Rickenberg, H.: Concentration sp\u00e9cifique r\u00e9versible des amino acides chez Escherichia coli. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 91, 693\u2013720 (1956).","journal-title":"Ann. Inst. Pasteur"},{"key":"BF00333859_CR7","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Physical and chemical characteristics of lambda DNA. The bacteriophage lambda","author":"N. Davidson","year":"1971","unstructured":"Davidson, N., Szybalski, W.: Physical and chemical characteristics of lambda DNA. The bacteriophage lambda (A. D. Hershey, ed.), p. 45\u201382. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories 1971."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(71)90473-6","volume":"56","author":"R. W. Davis","year":"1971","unstructured":"Davis, R. W., Parkinson, J. S.: Deletion mutants of bacteriophage lambda. III. Physical structure of att \u03c6. J. molec Biol. 56, 403\u2013423 (1971).","journal-title":"J. molec Biol."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR9","first-page":"329","volume-title":"Electron micrographic mapping of deletions, insertions, inversions, and homologies in the DNAs of coliphages lambda and phi80. The bacteriophage lambda","author":"M. Fiandt","year":"1971","unstructured":"Fiandt, M., Hradecna, A., Lozeron, H. A., Szybalski, W.: Electron micrographic mapping of deletions, insertions, inversions, and homologies in the DNAs of coliphages lambda and phi80. The bacteriophage lambda (A. D. Hershey, ed.), p. 329\u2013354. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1971."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00333860","volume":"119","author":"M. Fiandt","year":"1972","unstructured":"Fiandt, M., Szybalski, W., Malamy, M. H.: Polar mutations in lac, gal and phage \u03bb consist of a few IS-DNA sequences inserted with either orientation. Molec. gen. Genet. 119, 223\u2013231 (1972).","journal-title":"Molec. gen. Genet."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(69)90148-2","volume":"38","author":"A. R. Goldberg","year":"1969","unstructured":"Goldberg, A. R., Howe, M.: New mutations in the S cistron of bacteriophage lambda affecting host cell lysis. Virology 38, 200\u2013201 (1969).","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"BF00333859_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(70)90321-9","volume":"47","author":"I. Herskowitz","year":"1970","unstructured":"Herskowitz, I., Signer, E. R.: A site essential for the expression of all late genes in bacteriophage lambda. J. molec. Biol. 47, 545\u2013556 (1970).","journal-title":"J. molec. Biol."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00333858","volume":"119","author":"H.-J. Hirsch","year":"1972","unstructured":"Hirsch, H.-J., Starlinger, P., Brachet, P.: Two kinds of insertions in bacterial genes. Molec. gen. Genet. 119, 191\u2013206 (1972).","journal-title":"Molec. gen. Genet."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR14","volume-title":"Genetic studies on bacteriophage Mu","author":"M. Howe","year":"1972","unstructured":"Howe, M.: Genetic studies on bacteriophage Mu. Ph. D. Thesis, Cambridge, Mass.: Mass. Institute of Technology, 1972."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.108.1.5-9.1971","volume":"108","author":"K. Ippen","year":"1971","unstructured":"Ippen, K., Shapiro, J. A., Beckwith, J. R.: Transposition of the lac region of the Escherichia coli chromosome: Isolation of \u03bblac transducing bacteriophages. J. Bact. 108, 5\u20139 (1971).","journal-title":"J. Bact."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00381825","volume":"100","author":"E. Jordan","year":"1967","unstructured":"Jordan, E., Saedler, H., Starlinger, P.: Strong polar mutations in the transferase gene of the galactose operon in E. coli. Molec. gen. Genet. 100, 296\u2013306 (1967).","journal-title":"Molec. gen. Genet."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00433726","volume":"102","author":"E. Jordan","year":"1968","unstructured":"Jordan, E., Saedler, H., Starlinger, P.: 0\u00b0 and strong polar mutations in the gal operon are insertions. Molec. gen. Genet. 102, 353\u2013363 (1968).","journal-title":"Molec. gen. Genet."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/187161a0","volume":"187","author":"G. Kellenberger","year":"1960","unstructured":"Kellenberger, G., Zichichi, M. L., Weigle, J.: Mutations affecting the density of bacteriophage \u03bb. Nature (Lond.) 187, 161\u2013162 (1960).","journal-title":"Nature (Lond.)"},{"key":"BF00333859_CR19","first-page":"49","volume-title":"The lactose permease system of Escherichia coli. The lactose operon","author":"E. P. Kennedy","year":"1970","unstructured":"Kennedy, E. P.: The lactose permease system of Escherichia coli. The lactose operon (J. R. Beckwith and D. Zipser, eds.), p. 49\u201392. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1970."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1515\/znb-1959-1206","volume":"14b","author":"A. K. Kleinschmidt","year":"1959","unstructured":"Kleinschmidt, A. K., Zahn, R. K.: \u00dcber Deoxyribonucleins\u00e4ure-Molekeln in Protein-Mischfilmen. Z. Naturforsch. 14b, 770\u2013779 (1959).","journal-title":"Z. Naturforsch."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/newbio231214a0","volume":"231","author":"M. Kuwano","year":"1971","unstructured":"Kuwano, M., Schlessinger, D., Morse, D. E.: Loss of dispensable endonuclease activity in relief of polarity by suA. Nature (Lond.) New Biol. 231, 214\u2013217 (1971).","journal-title":"Nature (Lond.) New Biol."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1966.031.01.027","volume":"31","author":"M. H. Malamy","year":"1966","unstructured":"Malamy, M. H.: Frameshift mutations in the lactose operon of E. coli. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 31, 189\u2013201 (1966).","journal-title":"Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR23","first-page":"359","volume-title":"Some properties of insertion mutations in the lac operon. The lactose operon","author":"M. H. Malamy","year":"1970","unstructured":"Malamy, M. H.: Some properties of insertion mutations in the lac operon. The lactose operon (J. R. Beckwith and D. Zipser, eds.), p. 359\u2013373. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1970."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1956.021.01.017","volume":"21","author":"B. McClintock","year":"1956","unstructured":"McClintock, B.: Controlling elements and the gene. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 21, 197\u2013216 (1956).","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(68)90395-1","volume":"38","author":"J. H. Miller","year":"1968","unstructured":"Miller, J. H., Ippen, K., Scaife, J. F., Beckwith J. R.: The promoter-operator region of the lac operon of Escherichia coli. J. molec. Biol. 38, 413\u2013420 (1968).","journal-title":"J. molec. Biol."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(71)90470-0","volume":"56","author":"R. C. Miller Jr.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Miller, R. C., Jr., Besmer, P., Khorana, H. G., Fiandt, M., Szybalski, W.: Studies on polynucleotides. XCVII. Opposing orientations and location of the su III + gene in the transducing coliphages \u03c680psu III + and \u03c680dsu III + J. molec. Biol. 56, 363\u2013368 (1971).","journal-title":"J. molec. Biol."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.103.1.81-88.1970","volume":"103","author":"T. G. Morrison","year":"1970","unstructured":"Morrison, T. G., Malamy, M. H.: Comparison of F factors and R factors: Existence of independent regulation groups in F factors. J. Bact. 103, 81\u201388 (1970).","journal-title":"J. Bact."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR28","volume-title":"The structure of the galactose operon of E. coli K12","author":"J. A. Shapiro","year":"1967","unstructured":"Shapiro, J. A.: The structure of the galactose operon of E. coli K12. Ph. D. Thesis, Cambridge, England: Univ. of Cambridge, 1967."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(69)90298-8","volume":"40","author":"J. A. Shapiro","year":"1969","unstructured":"Shapiro, J. A.: Mutations caused by the insertion of genetic material into the galactose operon of Escherichia coli. J. molec. Biol. 40, 93\u2013105 (1969).","journal-title":"J. molec. Biol."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1038\/224768a0","volume":"224","author":"J. Shapiro","year":"1969","unstructured":"Shapiro, J., MacHattie, L., Eron, L., Ihler, G., Ippen, K., Beckwith, J.: Isolation of pure lac operon DNA. Nature (Lond.) 224, 768\u2013774 (1969).","journal-title":"Nature (Lond.)"},{"key":"BF00333859_CR31","first-page":"383","volume-title":"Analytic and preparative separation of the complementary DNA strands. Methods in enzymology, vol. 21 Nucleic acids, part D","author":"W. Szybalski","year":"1971","unstructured":"Szybalski, W., Kubinski, H., Hradecna, Z., Summers, W. C.: Analytic and preparative separation of the complementary DNA strands. Methods in enzymology, vol. 21 Nucleic acids, part D (L. Grossmann and K. Moldave, eds.), p. 383\u2013413. New York, N.Y.: Academic Press 1971."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR32","first-page":"311","volume-title":"Procedures in nucleic acid research, vol. 2","author":"W. Szybalski","year":"1971","unstructured":"Szybalski, W., Szybalski, E. H.: Equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. Procedures in nucleic acid research, vol. 2 (G. L. Cantoni and D. R. Davies, eds.), p. 311\u2013354. New York, N.Y.: Harper and Row, 1971."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.50.6.1043","volume":"50","author":"A. L. Taylor","year":"1963","unstructured":"Taylor, A. L.: Bacteriophage-induced mutation in Escherichia coli. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 50, 1043\u20131050 (1963).","journal-title":"Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.)"},{"key":"BF00333859_CR34","first-page":"143","volume-title":"Complementation in \u03b2-galactosidase. The lactose operon","author":"A. Ullmann","year":"1970","unstructured":"Ullmann, A., Perrin, D.: Complementation in \u03b2-galactosidase. The lactose operon (J. R. Beckwith and D. Zipser, eds.), p. 143\u2013172. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1970."},{"key":"BF00333859_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1126\/science.163.3873.1343","volume":"163","author":"B. C. Westmoreland","year":"1969","unstructured":"Westmoreland, B. C., Szybalski, W., Ris, H.: Mapping of deletions and substitutions in heteroduplex DNA molecules of bacteriophage lambda by electron microscopy. Science 163, 1343\u20131348 (1969).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF00333859_CR36","first-page":"27","volume-title":"\u03b2-galactosidase and thiogalactoside transacetylase. The lactose operon","author":"I. Zabin","year":"1970","unstructured":"Zabin, I., Fowler, A. V.: \u03b2-galactosidase and thiogalactoside transacetylase. The lactose operon (J. R. Beckwith and D. Zipser, eds.), p. 27\u201347. Cold spring Harbor, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1970."}],"container-title":["Molecular and General Genetics MGG"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00333859.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00333859\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00333859","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00333859.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T13:15:40Z","timestamp":1585919740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF00333859"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1972,9]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1972,9]]}},"alternative-id":["BF00333859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00333859","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-8925","1432-1874"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0026-8925"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-1874"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1972,9]]}}}