{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T13:40:57Z","timestamp":1773150057250,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02562120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]],"date-time":"2007-04-20T15:28:34Z","timestamp":1177082914000},"page":"737-742","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":163,"title":["Effects of aging on the anorectal sphincters and their innervation"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Soren","family":"Laurberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Swash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"BF02562120_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"43","author":"King's Fund Centre","year":"1983","unstructured":"King's Fund Centre. Action on incontinence; report of a working group. Project Paper 43, 1983;1\u201347.","journal-title":"Project Paper"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(79)80175-4","volume":"76","author":"NW Read","year":"1979","unstructured":"Read NW, Harford WV, Schmulen AC, Read MG, Carol SC, Fordtran JS. A clinical study of patients with fecal incontinence and diarrhea. Gastroenterology 1979;76:747\u201356.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.22.2.126","volume":"22","author":"DM Matheson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Matheson DM, Keighley MR. Manometric evaluation of rectal prolapse and fecal incontinece. Gut 1981;22:126\u20139.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(84)80118-3","volume":"86","author":"BM Taylor","year":"1984","unstructured":"Taylor BM, Beart RW, Phillips SF. Longitudinal and radial variations of pressure in the human anal canal. Gastroenterology 1984;86:693\u20137.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296139","volume":"32","author":"SM McHugh","year":"1987","unstructured":"McHugh SM, Diamant NE. Effect of age, gender and parity on anal canal pressures. Dis Dis Sci 1987;32:726\u201336.","journal-title":"Dis Dis Sci"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR6","unstructured":"Ihre T. Studies on anal function in continent and incontinent patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 1974;9(Suppl 25)."},{"key":"BF02562120_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.28.3.353","volume":"28","author":"JJ Bannister","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bannister JJ, Abouzekry L, Read NW. Effect of aging on anorectal function. Gut 1987;28:353\u20137.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.43.4.343","volume":"43","author":"ME Neill","year":"1980","unstructured":"Neill ME, Swash M. Increased motor unit fibre density in the external anal sphincter muscle in anorectal incontinence; a single fibre EMG study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1980;43:343\u20137.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR9","first-page":"407","volume-title":"Coloproctology and the pelvic floor","author":"MM Henry","year":"1985","unstructured":"Henry MM, Swash M. Coloproctology and the pelvic floor. London: Butterworths, 1985;407."},{"key":"BF02562120_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688207500205","volume":"75","author":"ME Neill","year":"1982","unstructured":"Neill ME, Swash M. Chronic perianal pain; an unsolved problem. J R Soc Med 1982;75:96\u2013101.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR11","first-page":"355","volume":"67","author":"MM Henry","year":"1985","unstructured":"Henry MM, Snooks SJ, Barnes PR, Swash M. Investigation of disorders of the anorectum and colon. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1985;67:355\u201360.","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800690813","volume":"69","author":"MM Henry","year":"1982","unstructured":"Henry MM, Parks AG, Swash M. The pelvic floor musculature in the descending perineum syndrome. Br J Surg 1982;69:470\u20132.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800680804","volume":"68","author":"ME Neill","year":"1981","unstructured":"Neill ME, Parks AG, Swash M. Physiological studies of the pelvic floor musculature in idiopathic fecal incontinence and rectal prolapse. Br J Surg 1981;68:531\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR14","first-page":"487","volume-title":"Neuromuscular disorders: a practical approach to diagnosis and management","author":"MS Schwartz","year":"1988","unstructured":"Schwartz MS, Swash M. Neuromuscular disorders: a practical approach to diagnosis and management. 2nd ed. London: Springer-Verlag, 1988;487.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800710817","volume":"71","author":"ES Kiff","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kiff ES, Swash M. Slowed conduction in the pudendal nerves in idiopathic (neurogenic) fecal incontinence. Br J Surg 1984;71:614\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.47.12.1269","volume":"47","author":"SJ Snooks","year":"1984","unstructured":"Snooks SJ, Barnes PR, Swash M. Damage to the innervation of the voluntary anal and periurethral striated sphincter musculature in incontinence. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1984;47:1269\u201373.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01887845","volume":"9","author":"P Mahieu","year":"1984","unstructured":"Mahieu P, Pringot J, Bodart P, Defecography; l. Description of a new procedure and results in normal patients. Gastrointest Radiol 1984;9:247\u201351.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Radiol"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR18","first-page":"3443","volume":"18","author":"RJ Poos","year":"1986","unstructured":"Poos RJ, Frank J, Bittner R, Beger HG. Influence of age and sex on anal sphincters; manometric evaluation of anorectal continence. Eur Surg Res 1986;18:3443\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Surg Res"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.17.8.645","volume":"17","author":"BD Hancock","year":"1976","unstructured":"Hancock BD. Measurement of anal pressure and motility. Gut 1976;17:645\u201351.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/11.3.175","volume":"11","author":"JP Percy","year":"1982","unstructured":"Percy JP, Neill ME, Kandiah TK, Swash M. A neurogenic factor in fecal incontinence in the elderly. Age Ageing 1982;11:175\u20139.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90766-9","volume":"2","author":"SJ Snooks","year":"1984","unstructured":"Snooks SJ, Swash M, Setchell M, Henry MM. Injury to innervation of pelvic floor sphincter musculature in childbirth. Lancet 1984;2:546\u201350.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(79)90156-4","volume":"41","author":"F Beersiek","year":"1979","unstructured":"Beersiek F, Parks AG, Swash M. Pathogenesis of anorectal incontinence; a histometric study of the anal sphincter musculature. J Neurol Sci 1979;41:111\u201327.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(73)90094-4","volume":"19","author":"J Polgar","year":"1973","unstructured":"Polgar J, Johnson MA, Weightman D, Appleton D. Data on the fiber size in thirty-six human muscles; an autopsy study. J Neurol Sci 1973;19:307\u201318.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688507800405","volume":"78","author":"SJ Snooks","year":"1985","unstructured":"Snooks SJ, Swash M, Henry MM. Abnormalities in central and peripheral nerve conduction in anorectal incontinence. J R Soc Med 1985;78:294\u2013300.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01647699","volume":"2","author":"PN Jones","year":"1987","unstructured":"Jones PN, Lubowski DZ, Swash M, Henry MM. Relation between perinal descent and pudendal nerve damage in idiopathic fecal incontinence. Int J Colorect Dis 1987;2:93\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Colorect Dis"},{"key":"BF02562120_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090770409","volume":"77","author":"E Gardner","year":"1940","unstructured":"Gardner E. Decrease in human motor neurones with age. Anat Rec 1940;77:529\u201336.","journal-title":"Anat Rec"}],"container-title":["Diseases of the Colon &amp; Rectum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00003453-198932090-00002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T14:43:55Z","timestamp":1683816235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00003453-198932090-00002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,9]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02562120","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3706"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3706","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,9]]}}}