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Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endocan has been scarcely explored in COVID-19, especially regarding its modulation by veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO), hypertension or previous renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>We compared endocan and other endotheliitis markers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and assessed their modulation by VV-ECMO, hypertension and previous RAAS inhibitors treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum endocan, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin were measured in \u201csevere\u201d (n\u2009=\u200927), \u201ccritically ill\u201d (n\u2009=\u200917) and \u201ccritically ill on VV-ECMO\u201d (n\u2009=\u200917) COVID-19 patients at admission, days 3\u20134, 5\u20138 and weekly thereafter, and in controls (n\u2009=\u200923) at a single time point.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Admission endocan and VCAM-1 were increased in all patients, but \u201ccritically ill on VV-ECMO\u201d patients had higher endocan and E-Selectin. Endocan remained elevated throughout hospitalization in all groups. \u201cSevere\u201d and \u201ccritically ill\u201d hypertensive patients or previously treated with RAAS inhibitors had higher endocan and\/or VCAM-1, but in VV-ECMO patients the raised endocan values seemed unrelated with these factors. Among all COVID-19 hypertensive patients, those with previous RAAS inhibitors treatment had higher endocan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our study, endocan stands out as the best marker of endotheliitis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, being upregulated by VV-ECMO support, hypertension and previous RAAS inhibitor treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-024-01964-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T05:36:29Z","timestamp":1737783389000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Endocan as a marker of endotheliitis in COVID-19 patients: modulation by veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, arterial hypertension and previous treatment with renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Reina-Couto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Silva-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Pereira-Terra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Bessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Teixeira-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Morato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Camila","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Sarmento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o T.","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Roncon-Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9-Artur","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Albino-Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1964_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","volume":"382","author":"N Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. 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All eligible patients provided written informed consent to participate in the study. For ICU patients unable to give consent, this was solicited to their next of kin. These patients provided informed consent retrospectively, where possible. Blood donor volunteers provided oral informed consent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors agree to publish this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"26"}}