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Herein we review the available evidence regarding the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics by neuronal activity and by neuromodulators, and how these changes in the activity of mitochondria affect synaptic communication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-023-04814-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T13:05:11Z","timestamp":1685711111000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Mitochondria as central hubs in synaptic modulation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0287-0328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe V.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6523-3049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Ciampi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1474-0208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos B.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"4814_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2019.02.001","volume":"57","author":"MJ Rossi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rossi MJ, Pekkurnaz G (2019) Powerhouse of the mind: mitochondrial plasticity at the synapse. 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