{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:18:32Z","timestamp":1772119112349,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pure Appl. Geophys."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>On the 28th February1969, a massive earthquake stroke SW Iberia and NE Morocco triggering a tsunami recorded in more than 20 tide stations. The event occurred in the SW Iberian margin, the same seismogenic area of the 1st November 1755 mega event. Several studies were developed in the last 55\u00a0years to address its earthquake mechanism and the corresponding tsunami source. In some cases, the study of the 1969 event was also the base for inferences regarding the 1755 earthquake and indirectly to give some light on tsunamigenic processes related with the SW Iberian margin. In this study, we present a comprehensive review of the tsunami data and modelling, taking advantage from the great improvement that occurred on the quality of the bathymetric data, particularly on the shallow areas close to the tide stations. We used a larger set of tide-records than previous studies. All records were digitized from the original mareograms and processed according to modern standards. We address the possible landslide triggered at the NW coast of Morocco as the explanation of the tsunami observation at Casablanca. The new dataset combining both the earthquake and the landslide sources allows a better relocation of the tsunami source, enabling a quantitative comparison of the different source scenarios that have been developed for seismological research. The simulations presented here suggest that a thrust fault of 85\u00a0km\u2009\u00d7\u200920\u00a0km verging to the southeast is the best candidate to be responsible for the 1969 earthquake. The trace of this deep fault follows the one of the \u201cHorseshoe Fault\u201d, a northwest verging structure interpreted from the multichannel seismic data. Moreover, this deep structure may be accountable for both the 1969 event and the later 12th February 2007 M6 earthquake. Even more, the \u201cDeep Horseshoe Fault\u201d is a strong candidate to be the source of the 1st November 1755 event up to now elusive to multiple geological and geophysical studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00024-025-03689-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T03:37:18Z","timestamp":1741837038000},"page":"1363-1380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The 28th February 1969 Earthquake and Tsunami in the Atlantic Iberian Margin"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"182","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6381-703X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. A.","family":"Baptista","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1321-8709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. M.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6198-7588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Omira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"910","key":"3689_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00024-012-0513-5","volume":"170","author":"S Allgeyer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Allgeyer, S., Daubord, C., H\u00e9bert, H., Loevenbruck, A., Schindel\u00e9, F., & Madariaga, R. (2013). Could a 1755-like tsunami reach the French Atlantic coastline? Constraints from twentieth century observations and numerical modeling. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 170(910), 1415\u20131431.","journal-title":"Pure and Applied Geophysics"},{"key":"3689_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00024-019-02344-8","volume":"177","author":"MA Baptista","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baptista, M. A. (2020). Tsunamis Along the Azores Gibraltar Plate Boundary. Pure and Applied GeoPhysics, 177, 1713\u20131724.","journal-title":"Pure and Applied GeoPhysics"},{"issue":"1","key":"3689_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-9-25-2009","volume":"9","author":"MA Baptista","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baptista, M. A., & Miranda, J. M. (2009). Revision of the Portuguese catalog of tsunamis. Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, 9(1), 25\u201342.","journal-title":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"3689_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-16-1967-2016","volume":"16","author":"MA Baptista","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baptista, M. A., Miranda, J. M., Batll\u00f3, J., Lisboa, F., Luis, J., & Maci\u00e1, R. (2016). New study on the 1941 Gloria Fault earthquake and tsunami. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 16(8), 1967\u20131977.","journal-title":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences"},{"key":"3689_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-3-333-2003","volume":"3","author":"MA Baptista","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baptista, M. A., Miranda, J. M., Chierici, F., & Zitellini, N. (2003). New study of the 1755 earthquake source based on multi-channel seismic survey data and tsunami modeling. Natural Hazards and Earth System SciEnce, 3, 333\u2013340.","journal-title":"Natural Hazards and Earth System SciEnce"},{"issue":"2","key":"3689_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1785\/0120050111","volume":"96","author":"MA Baptista","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baptista, M. A., Miranda, J. M., & Luis, J. F. (2006). In search of the 31 March 1761 earthquake and tsunami source. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 96(2), 713\u2013721.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America"},{"key":"3689_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3319","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-11-3319-2011","volume":"11","author":"MA Baptista","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baptista, M. A., Miranda, J. M., Omira, R., & Antunes, C. (2011). Potential inundation of Lisbon downtown by a 1755-like tsunami. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11, 3319\u20133326.","journal-title":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3689_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-3707(97)00020-3","volume":"25","author":"MA Baptista","year":"1998","unstructured":"Baptista, M. A., Miranda, P. M. A., Miranda, J. M., & Victor, L. M. (1998). Constrains on the source of the 1755 Lisbon tsunami inferred from numerical modelling of historical data on the source of the 1755 Lisbon tsunami. Journal of Geodynamics, 25(1\u20132), 159\u2013174.","journal-title":"Journal of Geodynamics"},{"key":"3689_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00024-019-02336-8","volume":"177","author":"E Buforn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Buforn, E., L\u00f3pez-S\u00e1nchez, C., Lozano, L., Mart\u00ednez-Solares, J. M., Cesca, S., Oliveira, C. S., et al. (2020). Re-evaluation of Seismic Intensities and Relocation of 1969 Saint Vincent Cape Seismic Sequence: A Comparison with the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 177, 1781\u20131800.","journal-title":"Pure and Applied Geophysics"},{"key":"3689_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(88)90031-5","volume":"152","author":"E Buforn","year":"1998","unstructured":"Buforn, E., Udias, A., & Colombas, M. (1998). Seismicity, source mechanisms and tectonics of the Azores \u2013 Gibraltar plate-boundary. Tectonophysics, 152, 89\u2013118.","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"3689_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1785\/0120110125","volume":"102","author":"S Custodio","year":"2012","unstructured":"Custodio, S., Cesca, S., & Heimman, S. (2012). Fast kinematic waveform inversion and robustness analysis: Application to the 2007 Mw 5.9 Horseshoe Abyssal Plain Earthquake Offshore Southwest Iberia. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 102, 361\u2013376.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America"},{"issue":"2","key":"3689_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-821X(73)90058-7","volume":"18","author":"Y Fukao","year":"1973","unstructured":"Fukao, Y. (1973). Thrust faulting at a lithospheric plate boundary the Portugal earthquake of 1969. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 18(2), 205\u2013216.","journal-title":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters"},{"issue":"C13","key":"3689_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27931","DOI":"10.1029\/97JC02179","volume":"102","author":"B Gjevik","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gjevik, B., Pedersen, G., Dybesland, E., Harbitz, C. B., Miranda, P. M. A., Baptista, M. A., et al. (1997). Modeling tsunamis from earthquake sources near Gorringe Bank southwest of Portugal. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 102(C13), 27931\u201327949.","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans"},{"issue":"4","key":"3689_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1029\/2001TC901045","volume":"22","author":"E Gracia","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gracia, E., Danobeitia, J., Verges, J., & Bartolome, R. (2003). Crustal architecture and tectonic evolution of the Gulf of Cadiz, SW Iberia, at the convergence of the Eurasian and African plates. Tectonics, 22(4), 1033.","journal-title":"Tectonics"},{"issue":"2","key":"3689_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2007.03571.x","volume":"171","author":"R Grandin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grandin, R., Borges, J. F., Bezzeghoud, M., Caldeira, B., & Carrilho, F. (2007). Simulations of strong ground motion in SW Iberia for the 1969 February 28 (M s= 8.0) and the 1755 November 1 (M\u223c 8.5) earthquakes-II. Strong ground motion simulations. Geophysical Journal International, 171(2), 807\u2013822.","journal-title":"Geophysical Journal International"},{"issue":"3","key":"3689_CR16","first-page":"391","volume":"92","author":"NL Grimison","year":"1988","unstructured":"Grimison, N. L., & Chen, W. P. (1988). Source mechanisms of four recent earthquakes along the Azores-Gibraltar plate boundary. Geophysical Journal International, 92(3), 391\u2013401.","journal-title":"Geophysical Journal International"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3689_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-1946(97)00001-3","volume":"21","author":"M Guesmia","year":"1996","unstructured":"Guesmia, M., Heinrich, P., & Mariotti, C. (1996). Finite element modelling of the 1969 Portuguese tsunami. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 21(1\u20132), 1\u20136.","journal-title":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth"},{"issue":"1","key":"3689_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007920617540","volume":"17","author":"M Guesmia","year":"1998","unstructured":"Guesmia, M., Heinrich, P. H., & Mariotti, C. (1998). Numerical simulation of the 1969 Portuguese tsunami by a finite element method. Natural Hazards, 17(1), 31\u201346.","journal-title":"Natural Hazards"},{"issue":"12","key":"3689_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(2002)030<1071:EFASBG>2.0.CO;2","volume":"30","author":"MA Gutscher","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gutscher, M. A., Malod, J., Rehault, J. P., Contrucci, I., Klingelhoefer, F., Mendes-Victor, L., & Spakman, W. (2002). Evidence for active subduction beneath Gibraltar. Geology, 30(12), 1071\u20131074.","journal-title":"Geology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3689_CR20","first-page":"3","volume":"12","author":"P Heinrich","year":"1994","unstructured":"Heinrich, P., Baptista, M. A., & Miranda, P. (1994). Numerical simulation of the 1969 tsunami along the Portuguese coasts. Preliminary Results, Science of Tsunami Hazards, 12(1), 3\u201323.","journal-title":"Preliminary Results, Science of Tsunami Hazards"},{"issue":"6","key":"3689_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0098-3004(00)00124-2","volume":"27","author":"J Imran","year":"2001","unstructured":"Imran, J., Harff, P., & Parker, G. (2001). A numerical model of submarine debris flow with graphical user interface. Computers & Geosciences, 27(6), 717\u2013729.","journal-title":"Computers & Geosciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"3689_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1996.tb05294.x","volume":"126","author":"AC Johnston","year":"1996","unstructured":"Johnston, A. C. (1996). Seismic moment assessment of earthquakes in stable continental regions\u2014III. New Madrid 1811\u20131812, Charleston 1886 and Lisbon 1755. Geophysical Journal International, 126(2), 314\u2013344.","journal-title":"Geophysical Journal International"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"3689_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(91)90190-4","volume":"193","author":"A Levret","year":"1991","unstructured":"Levret, A. (1991). The effects of the November 1, 1755 \u201cLisbon\u201d earthquake in Morocco. Tectonophysics, 193(1\u20133), 83\u201394.","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"3689_CR97","unstructured":"Liu, P. L., S. B. Woo, and Y. S. Cho. COMCOT Computer program for tsunami propagation and inundation. In Tech. Rep. Cornell University New York, 1998."},{"issue":"3","key":"3689_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0620030699","volume":"62","author":"A L\u00f3pez-Arroyo","year":"1972","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Arroyo, A., & Udias, A. (1972). Aftershock sequence and focal parameters of the February 28, 1969 earthquake of the Azores-Gibraltar fracture zone. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 62(3), 699\u2013719.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America"},{"issue":"5","key":"3689_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0610051433","volume":"61","author":"L Mansinha","year":"1971","unstructured":"Mansinha, L., & Smylie, D. E. (1971). The displacement fields of inclined faults. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 61(5), 1433\u20131440.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America"},{"key":"3689_CR25","unstructured":"Le Petit Marocain (1969). Le Petit Marocain, 55eme ann\u00e9e n\u00b016279, Samedi 1er mars 1969 (News Paper in french) pages 3\u20134."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"3689_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-3227(02)00310-9","volume":"188","author":"JG Marr","year":"2002","unstructured":"Marr, J. G., Elverh\u00f8i, A., Harbitz, C., Imran, J., & Harff, P. (2002). Numerical simulation of mud-rich subaqueous debris flows on the glacially active margins of the Svalbard-Barents Sea. Marine Geology, 188(3\u20134), 351\u2013364.","journal-title":"Marine Geology"},{"key":"3689_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/bre.12225","volume":"30","author":"S Mart\u00ednez-Loriente","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Loriente, S., Gr\u00e0cia, E., Bartolome, R., Perea, H., Klaeschen, D., Da\u00f1obeitia, et al. (2018). Morphostructure, tectono-sedimentary evolution and seismic potential of the Horseshoe Fault. SW Iberian Margin, Basin Research, 30, 382\u2013400.","journal-title":"SW Iberian Margin, Basin Research"},{"key":"3689_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1972.tb02351.x","volume":"30","author":"D McKenzie","year":"1972","unstructured":"McKenzie, D. (1972). Active tectonics of the Mediterranean Region. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 30, 109\u2013185.","journal-title":"Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society"},{"key":"3689_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendes, A. (1969). Not\u00edcia acerca do sismo de 28 de Fevereiro de 1969 em Portugal Continental.\u00a0Finisterra,\u00a04(8) (in Portuguese).","DOI":"10.18055\/Finis2485"},{"key":"3689_CR30","unstructured":"Mezcua, J. (1982). Catalogo general de isosistas de la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica. IGN, Publication 202, Madrid."},{"key":"3689_CR31","unstructured":"Miranda, J. M., Luis, J., Reis, C., Omira, R. & Baptista, M. A. (2014). Validation of NSWING, a multi-core finite difference code for tsunami propagation and run-up. In\u00a0American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting, San Francisco. Paper\u00a0(No. S21A-4390)."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3689_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-1946(97)00012-8","volume":"21","author":"JM Miranda","year":"1996","unstructured":"Miranda, J. M., Miranda, P. M. A., Baptista, M. A., & Victor, L. M. (1996). A comparison of the spectral characteristics of observed and simulated tsunamis. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 21(1\u20132), 71\u201374.","journal-title":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth"},{"key":"3689_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0750041135","volume":"75","author":"Y Okada","year":"1985","unstructured":"Okada, Y. (1985). Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 75, 1135\u20131154.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"3689_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s00024-014-0949-x","volume":"172","author":"R Omira","year":"2015","unstructured":"Omira, R., Baptista, M. A., & Matias, L. (2015). Probabilistic tsunami hazard in the Northeast Atlantic from near-and far-field tectonic sources. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 172(3\u20134), 901\u2013920.","journal-title":"Pure and Applied Geophysics"},{"key":"3689_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-9-1327-2009","volume":"9","author":"R Omira","year":"2009","unstructured":"Omira, R., Baptista, M. A., Matias, L., Miranda, J. M., Catita, C., Carrilho, F., et al. (2009). Design of a sea-level tsunami detection network for the Gulf of Cadiz. Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, 9, 1327\u20131338.","journal-title":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Science"},{"key":"3689_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1007\/s00024-020-02532-x","volume":"177","author":"R Omira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Omira, R., & Ramalho, I. (2020). Evidence-calibrated numerical model of december 22 (2018), Anak Krakatau Flank Collapse and Tsunami. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 177, 3059\u20133071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00024-020-02532-x","journal-title":"Pure and Applied Geophysics"},{"issue":"5","key":"3689_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.4401\/ag-4029","volume":"39","author":"A Paula","year":"1996","unstructured":"Paula, A., & Oliveira, C. S. (1996). Evaluation of 1947\u20131993 macroseismic information in Portugal using the EMS-92 scale. Annals of Geophysics, 39(5), 989\u20131003.","journal-title":"Annals of Geophysics"},{"key":"3689_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3091.1999.00204.x","volume":"46","author":"DJW Piper","year":"1999","unstructured":"Piper, D. J. W., Cochonat, P., & Morrison, M. L. (1999). The sequence of events around the epicenter of the 1929 Grand Banks earthquake: Initiation of debris flows and turbidity current inferred from sidescan sonar. Sedimentology, 46, 79\u201397.","journal-title":"Sedimentology"},{"issue":"C9","key":"3689_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19773","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JC000334","volume":"106","author":"C Pires","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pires, C., & Miranda, P. (2001). Tsunami waveform inversion by adjoint methods. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 106(C9), 19773\u201319796.","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans"},{"key":"3689_CR40","first-page":"17","volume":"583","author":"C Pro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pro, C., Buforn, E., Bezzeghoud, M., & Ud\u00edas, A. (2013). The earthquakes of 29 July 2003, 12 February 2007, and 17 December 2009 in the region of Cape Saint Vincent (SW Iberia) and their relation with the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. Tectonophysics, 583, 17\u201327.","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"3689_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00024-019-02401-2","volume":"177","author":"C Pro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pro, C., Buforn, E., Ud\u00edas, A., Borges, J., & Oliveira, C. S. (2020). Study of the PGV, Strong Motion and Intensity Distribution of the February 1969 (Ms 8.0) Offshore Cape St. Vincent (Portugal) Earthquake Using Synthetic Ground Velocities. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 177, 1809\u20131829.","journal-title":"Pure and Applied Geophysics"},{"issue":"2","key":"3689_CR42","first-page":"265","volume":"11","author":"J Quintino","year":"1969","unstructured":"Quintino, J. (1969). O Sismo de 28 de Fevereiro de 1969. Algumas informa\u00e7\u00f5es geof\u00edsicas deduzidas do seu estudo. Boletim Do Museu e Laborat\u00f3rio Mineral\u00f3gico e Geol\u00f3gico Da Faculdade De Ci\u00eancias De Lisboa, 11(2), 265\u2013292. in Portuguese.","journal-title":"Boletim Do Museu e Laborat\u00f3rio Mineral\u00f3gico e Geol\u00f3gico Da Faculdade De Ci\u00eancias De Lisboa"},{"issue":"8","key":"3689_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-11-2181-2011","volume":"11","author":"C Renou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Renou, C., Lesne, O., Mangin, A., Rouffi, F., Atillah, A., El Hadani, D., et al. (2011). Tsunami hazard assessment in the coastal area of Rabat and Sal\u00e9. Morocco, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11(8), 2181.","journal-title":"Morocco, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"3689_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOSE.0000021365.94606.03","volume":"8","author":"JM Solares","year":"2004","unstructured":"Solares, J. M., & Lopez-Arroyo, A. (2004). The great historical 1755 earthquake. Effects and damage in Spain. Journal of Seismology, 8(2), 275\u2013294.","journal-title":"Journal of Seismology"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"3689_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(79)90075-1","volume":"53","author":"JM Solares","year":"1979","unstructured":"Solares, J. M., Arroyo, A. L., & Mezcua, J. (1979). Isoseismal map of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake obtained from Spanish data. Tectonophysics, 53(3-4), 301\u2013313.","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"3689_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L11208","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GL030012","volume":"34","author":"D Stich","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stich, D., Mancilla, F., Pondrelli, S., & Morales, J. (2007). Source analysis of the February 12th 2007, Mw 6.0. Horseshoe earthquake: Implications for the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L11208.","journal-title":"Geophysical Research Letters"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"3689_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tecto.2009.11.006","volume":"483","author":"D Stich","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stich, D., Mart\u00edn, R., & Morales, J. (2010). Moment tensor inversion for Iberia-Maghreb earthquakes 2005\u20132008. Tectonophysics, 483(3\u20134), 390\u2013398.","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"3689_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.2001.0915","volume":"458","author":"CE Synolakis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Synolakis, C. E., Bardet, J. P., Borrero, J. C., Davies, H. L., Okal, E. A., Silver, E. A., et al. (2002). The slump origin of the 1998 Papua New Guinea tsunami. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series a: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 458, 763\u2013789.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series a: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"3689_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(1998)079<0061:APGTWA>2.0.CO;2","volume":"79","author":"C Torrence","year":"1998","unstructured":"Torrence, C., & Compo, G. P. (1998). A practical guide to wavelet analysis. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 79(1), 61\u201378.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"3689_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-19-337-2019","volume":"19","author":"M Wronna","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wronna, M., Baptista, M. A., & Miranda, J. M. (2019). Reanalysis of the 1761 transatlantic tsunami. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 19(2), 337\u2013352.","journal-title":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences"},{"key":"3689_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-15-2557-2015","volume":"15","author":"M Wronna","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wronna, M., Omira, R., & Baptista, M. A. (2015). Deterministic approach for multiple-source tsunami hazard assessment for Sines Portugal. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 15, 2557\u20132568.","journal-title":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"3689_CR51","first-page":"49","volume":"42","author":"N Zitellini","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zitellini, N., Chierici, F., Sartori, R., & Torelli, L. (1999). The tectonic source of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake. Annali di Geofisica, 42(1), 49\u201355.","journal-title":"Annali di Geofisica"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"3689_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2008.12.005","volume":"280","author":"N Zitellini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zitellini, N., Gr\u00e0cia, E., Matias, L., Terrinha, P., Abreu, M. A., DeAlteriis, G., et al. (2009). The quest for the Africa-Eurasia plate boundary west of the Strait of Gibraltar. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 280(1\u20134), 13\u201350.","journal-title":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters"},{"issue":"26","key":"3689_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1029\/EO082i026p00285-01","volume":"82","author":"N Zitellini","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zitellini, N., Mendes, L. A., Cordoba, D., Danobeitia, J., Nicolich, R., Pellis, G., et al. (2001). Source of 1755 Lisbon earthquake, tsunami investigated. Eos, 82(26), 285\u2013291.","journal-title":"Eos"},{"key":"3689_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00024-003-2463-4","volume":"161","author":"N Zitellini","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zitellini, N., Rovere, M., Terrinha, P., Chierici, F., Matias, L., Bigsets Team. (2004). Neogene through Quaternary Tectonic reactivation of SW Iberian Passive Margin. Pure and Applied Geophysics., 161, 565\u2013585.","journal-title":"Pure and Applied Geophysics."}],"container-title":["Pure and Applied Geophysics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00024-025-03689-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00024-025-03689-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00024-025-03689-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T11:58:59Z","timestamp":1745841539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00024-025-03689-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["3689"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00024-025-03689-z","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4959553\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0033-4553","1420-9136"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-4553","type":"print"},{"value":"1420-9136","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}