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This study reports the first in situ records of organic carbon (OC) stocks and burial rates for seagrass beds at Arguin Island, Banc d'Arguin (Mauritania), Western Africa, measured in intertidal <jats:italic>Zostera noltei<\/jats:italic> and subtidal <jats:italic>Cymodocea nodosa<\/jats:italic> meadows. The major blue carbon sources in seagrass meadows since 1900 were assessed using sedimentary environmental DNA (eDNA) and chronostratigraphy. The OC stocks in the top 50 cm of the sediment cores were not significantly different between the beds of the two seagrass species and averaged 27.8\u2009\u00b1\u20097.14\u00a0Mg C ha<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, which is 5 times higher than that in adjacent unvegetated sediments. The OC sequestration rate for the past 100\u00a0years was 10.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4\u00a0g C m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\u00a0year<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> in <jats:italic>C. nodosa<\/jats:italic> sediments and 12.3\u2009\u00b1\u20095.9\u00a0g C m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\u00a0year<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> in <jats:italic>Z. noltei<\/jats:italic> sediments. Sedimentary eDNA analysis revealed that the major OC source within the <jats:italic>C. nodosa<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Z. noltei<\/jats:italic> sediments has been the seagrass species itself, with low contributions from allochthonous eDNA reads. Carbon sources in <jats:italic>Z. noltei<\/jats:italic> meadows were more diverse than those in <jats:italic>C. nodosa<\/jats:italic> meadows. In bare sediment, diatoms were the major carbon source. The present study demonstrates the potential of sedimentary eDNA to reveal the major sources of organic matter in blue carbon ecosystems, improving our understanding of the provenance of sedimentary OC and thus carbon cycling processes. Additionally, it provides new OC stock and sequestration rate measurements from a region of the world that remains underrepresented in global blue carbon assessments. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00027-025-01211-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T18:35:29Z","timestamp":1753122929000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["First assessment of blue carbon stocks, sequestration rates and potential sources since 1900 at Arguin Island (Mauritania)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6969-2215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcio","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9110-0212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Abrantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1964-6819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Aires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Rautenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9579-9606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aschwin H.","family":"Engelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2105-6639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Encarna\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9802-8153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Abecasis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cheikhna","family":"Gandega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3205-771X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Khallahi","family":"Brahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sidina","family":"Ebaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Barusseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2335-4042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Freiwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7013-494X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen B.","family":"de los Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1316-658X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ester A.","family":"Serr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7861-4366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"23\u201324","key":"1211_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2004.04.009","volume":"24","author":"F Abrantes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abrantes F, Lebreiro S, Rodrigues T, Gil I, Bartels-J\u00f3nsd\u00f3ttir H, Oliveira P, Kissel C, Grimalt JO (2005) Shallow-marine sediment cores record climate variability and earthquake activity off Lisbon (Portugal) for the last 2000 years. 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