{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T03:43:48Z","timestamp":1764906228103,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705017600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016714","name":"University of Sharjah","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["150316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["150316"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016714","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001778","name":"Deakin University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Aims\/hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate acculturation\u2019s direct and mediated effects on HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes from Arabic-speaking countries that are members of the Arab League who have emigrated to Australia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this multicentre cross-sectional study, we recruited 382 Arabic-speaking immigrants who were born in any of the 22 countries of the Arab League and who had type 2 diabetes from different healthcare settings in Australia. HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> levels were retrieved from medical records. A validated self-report questionnaire was used to assess behavioural and psychosocial outcomes. Acculturation was measured using the General Acculturation Index and the Adherence to Traditional Values tool. We used structural equation modelling to test mediation hypotheses.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Participants had a mean HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> value of 63.9 mmol\/mol (8.0%), a low acculturation level (mean\u00b1SD: 1.9\u00b10.6; range: 1\u20135) and highly adhered to traditional values (mean General Acculturation Index value: 3.7\u00b10.7; range: 1\u20135). Higher HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> was associated with lower acculturation levels (Pearson correlation coefficient [<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>] = \u22120.32, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01) and higher adherence to traditional values (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.35, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01). Self-efficacy, health literacy and self-care activities partially mediated the relationship between acculturation and HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions\/interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among Arab immigrants in Australia with type 2 diabetes, the degree of acculturation is related to glycaemic control, suggesting possible avenues for new interventions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-06081-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T07:02:35Z","timestamp":1705042955000},"page":"663-669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Acculturation and glycaemic control in Arab immigrants with type 2 diabetes in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5122-271X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamzah","family":"Alzubaidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1998-8579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor H.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6662-0347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Samorinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6547-9153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Mc Namara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6187-2203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"6081_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-013-0421-9","volume":"13","author":"EK Spanakis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spanakis EK, Golden SH (2013) Race\/ethnic difference in diabetes and diabetic complications. 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The authors also sincerely thank R. Aljobowry (University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates) for her technical help.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Acknowledgements"}},{"value":"Data are available on request from the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}},{"value":"This project was supported by an operational grant from the University of Sharjah, UAE, and an internal grant from the Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Australia.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authors\u2019 relationships and activities"}},{"value":"HA made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work and data acquisition. VHO and CS made substantial contributions to data analysis. All authors made substantial contributions to the interpretation of data. HA and CS drafted the article. VHO, KMcN and JS reviewed the article critically for important intellectual content. All authors approved the final version to be published.\u00a0HA is the guarantor of this work.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Contribution statement"}}]}}