{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T17:10:12Z","timestamp":1740762612940,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,13]],"date-time":"2024-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720828800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,13]],"date-time":"2024-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006752","name":"Universidade do Porto","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the consumption of antidepressive agents in Central Portugal.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To estimate the causal effect of the pandemic an interrupted time series analysis was conducted. Data of antidepressant drugs monthly dispensed in community pharmacies between Jan-2010 and Dec-2021 were provided by the regional Health Administration. Anti-Parkinson dopaminergic agents and statins, theoretically not influenced by COVID-19 pandemics, were used as comparator series. The number of packages was converted into defined daily doses and presented as defined daily doses\/1000 inhabitants\/day. A Bayesian structural time-series model with CausalImpact on R\/RStudio was used to predict the counterfactual. Analyses with different geographical granularity (9 sub-regions and 78 municipalities) were performed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>When compared to counterfactual, regional consumption non-significantly increased after the pandemic declaration, with a relative effect of +\u20091.30% [95%CI -1.6%:4.2%]. When increasing the granularity, differences appeared between sub-region with significant increases in Baixo Mondego\u2009+\u20096.5% [1.4%:11.0%], Guarda\u2009+\u20094.4% [1.1%:7.7%] or Cova da Beira\u2009+\u20094.1% [0.17%:8.3%], but non-significant variation in the remaining 6 sub-regions. Differences are more obvious at municipality level, ranging from increases of +\u200937.00% [32.00%:42.00%] to decreases of -11.00% [-17.00%:-4.20%]. Relative impact positively correlated with percentage of elderly in the municipality (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.301; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007), and negatively with population density (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=-0.243; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.032). No other predicting variables were found.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Antidepressant consumption suffered very slight variations at regional level after the COVID-19 pandemic declaration. Analysis with higher granularity allowed identifying municipalities with higher impact (increase or decrease). The absence of clear association patterns suggests other causal hypotheses of the differences.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-024-02731-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,13]],"date-time":"2024-07-13T07:02:24Z","timestamp":1720854144000},"page":"621-629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antidepressant consumption in the Central region of Portugal: interrupted time series"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7677-7065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana G.","family":"Negr\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4600-0132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6533-9932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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Thus, protection and confidentiality of personal data was guaranteed and informed consent does not apply to this context. This study was evaluated and approved by the ARSC Ethics Committee (ARSC 53\/2021). The authors declare that this manuscript is the authors\u2019 original work, has not been published before and is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"None to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure of interest"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}