{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T23:58:55Z","timestamp":1771631935523,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Reg Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00168-014-0625-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,5]],"date-time":"2014-08-05T07:09:28Z","timestamp":1407222568000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Agglomeration and regional growth policy: externalities versus comparative advantages"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Argentino","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"625_CR1","unstructured":"Abramovitz M (1979) rapid growth potential and its realisation: the experience of capitalist economics in the post-war period. In: Malinvaud E (ed) Economic growth and resources: vol I: The major issues. Macmillan, London, pp 1\u201330"},{"issue":"2","key":"625_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022050700046209","volume":"46","author":"M Abramovitz","year":"1986","unstructured":"Abramovitz M (1986) Catching-up, forging ahead and falling behind. J Econ Hist 46(2):386\u2013406","journal-title":"J Econ Hist"},{"key":"625_CR3","unstructured":"Abramovitz M, David P (1995) Convergence and deferred catch-up productivity leadership and the waning of American exceptionalism. In: Landau R, Taylor T, Wright G (eds) Growth and development: the economics of the 21st century. Stanford CA, Stanford UP"},{"key":"625_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.45.7.905","volume":"45","author":"P Almeida","year":"1999","unstructured":"Almeida P, Kogut B (1999) Localization of knowledge and the mobility of engineers in regional networks. Manag Sci 45:905\u2013917","journal-title":"Manag Sci"},{"key":"625_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2307\/2295952","volume":"29","author":"K Arrow","year":"1962","unstructured":"Arrow K (1962) The economic implications of learning by doing. Rev Econ Stud 29:155\u2013173","journal-title":"Rev Econ Stud"},{"key":"625_CR6","unstructured":"Asheim B, Gertler M (2005) The geography of innovation. In: Fagerberg J, Mowery DC, Nelson RR (eds) (2006) The Oxford handbook of innovation, Chap. 11, pp 291\u2013317"},{"key":"625_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bailly A (1998) The region: a basic concept for understanding local areas and global systems, Cybergeo. Eur J Geogr. doi: 10.4000\/cybergeo.333","DOI":"10.4000\/cybergeo.333"},{"key":"625_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(98)00065-1","volume":"27","author":"R Baptista","year":"1998","unstructured":"Baptista R, Swann P (1998) Do firms in clusters innovate more? Res Policy 27:525\u2013540","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"issue":"5","key":"625_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.1086\/261726","volume":"98","author":"R Barro","year":"1990","unstructured":"Barro R (1990) Government spending in a simple model of endogenous growth. J Polit Econ 98(5):S103\u2013S125","journal-title":"J Polit Econ"},{"key":"625_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1086\/261816","volume":"100","author":"R Barro","year":"1992","unstructured":"Barro R, Sala-i-Martin X (1992) Convergence. J Polit Econ 100:223\u2013251","journal-title":"J Polit Econ"},{"key":"625_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1080\/09654313.2010.515815","volume":"18","author":"H Bathelt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bathelt H, Schuldt N (2010) International trade fairs and global buzz, part I: ecology of global buzz. Eur Plan Stud 18:1957\u20131974","journal-title":"Eur Plan Stud"},{"key":"625_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1191\/0309132504ph469oa","volume":"28","author":"H Bathelt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bathelt H, Malmberg A, Maskell P (2004) Clusters and knowledge: Local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation. Prog Hum Geogr 28:31\u201356","journal-title":"Prog Hum Geogr"},{"key":"625_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2008.11.010","volume":"38","author":"C Beaudry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beaudry C, Schiffauerova A (2009) Who\u2019s right, Marshall or Jacobs? The localization versus urbanization debate. Res Policy 38:318\u2013337","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"issue":"5","key":"625_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1080\/09654310303651","volume":"11","author":"P Benneworth","year":"2003","unstructured":"Benneworth P, Danson M, Raines P, Whittam G (2003) Confusing clusters: making sense of the cluster approach in theory and practice. Eur Plan Stud 11(5):511\u2013520","journal-title":"Eur Plan Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"625_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/0034340052000320887","volume":"39","author":"R Boschma","year":"2005","unstructured":"Boschma R (2005) Proximity and innovation: a critical assessment. Reg Stud 39(1):61\u201374","journal-title":"Reg Stud"},{"key":"625_CR16","volume-title":"Evolutionary economic geography and its implications for regional innovation policy","author":"R Boschma","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boschma R (2009) Evolutionary economic geography and its implications for regional innovation policy. OECD, Paris"},{"issue":"2","key":"625_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/jeg\/lbq053","volume":"11","author":"R Boschma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boschma R, Frenken K (2011) The emerging empirics of evolutionary economic geography. J Econ Geogr 11(2):295\u2013307","journal-title":"J Econ Geogr"},{"issue":"2","key":"625_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/icc\/dtm004","volume":"16","author":"R Boschma","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boschma R, Wenting R (2007) The spatial evolution of the British automobile industry. Does location matter? Ind Corp Change 16(2):213\u2013238","journal-title":"Ind Corp Change"},{"issue":"2","key":"625_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1435-5957.2011.00356.x","volume":"90","author":"M Brachert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brachert M, Titze M, Kubis A (2011) Identifying industrial clusters from a multidimensional perspective: methodical aspects with an application to Germany. Pap Reg Sci 90(2):419\u2013440","journal-title":"Pap Reg Sci"},{"key":"625_CR20","volume-title":"Revolution in miniature: the history and impact of semiconductor electronics","author":"E Braun","year":"1978","unstructured":"Braun E, MacDonald S (1978) Revolution in miniature: the history and impact of semiconductor electronics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"625_CR21","unstructured":"Brenner T, M\u00fchlig A (2007) Factors and mechanisms causing the emergence of local industrial clusters\u2014a meta-study of 159 cases. Papers on Economics & Evolution No 0723. Max Planck Institute of Economics, Jena"},{"key":"625_CR22","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Innovation networks: spatial perspectives","author":"R Camagni","year":"1991","unstructured":"Camagni R (1991) Local \u2018milieu\u2019, uncertainty and innovation networks: towards a new dynamic theory of economic space. In: Camagni R (ed) Innovation networks: spatial perspectives. Belhaven Press, London, pp 121\u2013144"},{"key":"625_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2921(00)00099-4","volume":"46","author":"A Ciccone","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ciccone A (2002) Agglomeration effects in Europe. Eur Econ Rev 46:213\u2013227","journal-title":"Eur Econ Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"625_CR24","first-page":"54","volume":"86","author":"A Ciccone","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ciccone A, Hall R (1996) Productivity and the density of economic activity. Am Econ Rev 86(1):54\u201370","journal-title":"Am Econ Rev"},{"key":"625_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/0198775342.001.0001","volume-title":"Trade policy and economic welfare","author":"M Corden","year":"1997","unstructured":"Corden M (1997) Trade policy and economic welfare, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford","edition":"2"},{"issue":"5","key":"625_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2921(94)00100-E","volume":"39","author":"D Coe","year":"1995","unstructured":"Coe D, Helpman E (1995) International R&D spillovers. Eur Econ Rev 39(5):859\u2013887","journal-title":"Eur Econ Rev"},{"key":"625_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0297.00146","volume":"107","author":"D Coe","year":"1997","unstructured":"Coe D, Helpman E, Hoffmaister A (1997) North-South R&D spillovers. Econ J 107:134\u2013149","journal-title":"Econ J"},{"key":"625_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.2307\/2393553","volume":"35","author":"MD Cohen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cohen MD, Levinthal DA (1990) Absorptive capacity. A new perspective on learning and innovation. Adm Sci Q 35:128\u2013152","journal-title":"Adm Sci Q"},{"key":"625_CR29","unstructured":"Cooke P (2001) Clusters as key determinants of economic growth: the example of biotechnology. In: Mariussen A (ed) Cluster policies \u2014cluster development? Nordregio Report 2001\/2. Stockholm"},{"key":"625_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203445402","volume-title":"Knowledge economies: clusters, learning and cooperative advantage","author":"P Cooke","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cooke P (2002) Knowledge economies: clusters, learning and cooperative advantage. Routledge, London"},{"issue":"4","key":"625_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2681(01)00154-8","volume":"45","author":"D Cooper","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cooper D (2001) Innovation and reciprocal externalities: information transmission via job mobility. J Econ Behav Org 45(4):403\u2013425","journal-title":"J Econ Behav Org"},{"key":"625_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0094-1190(90)90033-J","volume":"28","author":"P David","year":"1990","unstructured":"David P, Rosenbloom J (1990) Marshallian factor market externalities and the dynamics of industrial location. J Urban Econ 28:349\u2013370","journal-title":"J Urban Econ"},{"key":"625_CR33","unstructured":"de Groot H, Poot J, Smit M (2008) Agglomeration externalities, innovation and regional growth: theoretical perspectives and meta-analysis. Department of Economics Working Paper Series, No 1\/08. Hamilton, New Zealand: University of Waikato"},{"issue":"2","key":"625_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.2307\/2937944","volume":"106","author":"B DeLong","year":"1991","unstructured":"DeLong B, Summers L (1991) Equipment investment and economic growth. Q J Econ 106(2):445\u2013502","journal-title":"Q J Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"625_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.15353\/rea.v3i1.1375","volume":"3","author":"G Duranton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Duranton G (2011) California Dreamin\u2019: the feeble case for cluster policies. Rev Econ Anal 3(1):3\u201345","journal-title":"Rev Econ Anal"},{"issue":"5","key":"625_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.91.5.1454","volume":"91","author":"G Duranton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Duranton G, Puga D (2001) Nursery cities: urban diversity, process innovation, and the life cycle of products. Am Econ Rev 91(5):1454\u20131477","journal-title":"Am Econ Rev"},{"key":"625_CR37","volume-title":"Business networks: prospects for regional development","author":"M Enright","year":"1996","unstructured":"Enright M (1996) Regional clusters and economic development: A research agenda. In: Staber U, Schaefer NV, Sharma B (eds) Business networks: prospects for regional development. De Gruyter, New York"},{"key":"625_CR38","unstructured":"European Commission (2008) The concept of clusters and cluster policies and their role for competitiveness and innovation: main statistical results and lessons learned, Commission Staff Working Document No. SEC 2637, Europe INNOVA\/PRO INNO Europe Paper No. 9. European Communities, Luxembourg"},{"key":"625_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-7333(87)90025-4","volume":"16","author":"J Fagerberg","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fagerberg J (1987) A technology gap approach to why growth rates differ. Res Policy 16:87\u201389","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"key":"625_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(02)00064-1","volume":"31","author":"J Fagerberg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fagerberg J, Verspagen B (2002) Technology-gaps, innovation-diffusion and transformation: an evolutionary interpretation. Res Policy 31:1291\u20131304","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"key":"625_CR41","first-page":"373","volume-title":"Oxford handbook of economic geography","author":"M Feldman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Feldman M (2000) Location and innovation: the new economic geography of innovation, spillovers, and agglomeration. In: Clark GL, Feldman M, Gertler M (eds) Oxford handbook of economic geography. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 373\u2013394"},{"issue":"2","key":"625_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2921(98)00047-6","volume":"43","author":"M Feldman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Feldman M, Audretsch D (1999) Innovation in cities: science-based diversity, specialization and localized competition. Eur Econ Rev 43(2):409\u2013429","journal-title":"Eur Econ Rev"},{"key":"625_CR43","volume-title":"A hundred years of geography","author":"T Freeman","year":"1961","unstructured":"Freeman T (1961) A hundred years of geography. Gerald Duckworth, London"},{"issue":"5","key":"625_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1080\/00343400601120296","volume":"41","author":"K Frenken","year":"2007","unstructured":"Frenken K, Van Oort F, Verburg T (2007) Related variety, unrelated variety and regional economic growth. Reg Stud 41(5):685\u2013697","journal-title":"Reg Stud"},{"key":"625_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0462(88)90007-5","volume":"18","author":"M Fujita","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fujita M (1988) A monopolistic competition model of spatial agglomeration: a differentiated product approach. Reg Sci Urban Econ 18:87\u2013124","journal-title":"Reg Sci Urban Econ"},{"key":"625_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511805660","volume-title":"Economics of agglomeration: cities, industrial location, and regional growth","author":"M Fujita","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fujita M, Thisse J-F (2002) Economics of agglomeration: cities, industrial location, and regional growth. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"issue":"1","key":"625_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/jeg\/3.1.75","volume":"3","author":"M Gertler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gertler M (2003) Tacit knowledge and the economic geography of context, or the undefinable tacitness of being (there). J Econ Geogr 3(1):75\u201399","journal-title":"J Econ Geogr"},{"key":"625_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1257\/jel.47.4.983","volume":"47","author":"E Glaeser","year":"2009","unstructured":"Glaeser E, Gottlieb J (2009) The wealth of cities: agglomeration economies and spatial equilibrium in the United States. J Econ Lit 47:983\u20131028","journal-title":"J Econ Lit"},{"issue":"2","key":"625_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1086\/319563","volume":"19","author":"E Glaeser","year":"2001","unstructured":"Glaeser E, Mar\u00e9 D (2001) Cities and skills. J Lab Econ 19(2):316\u2013342","journal-title":"J Lab Econ"},{"issue":"6","key":"625_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1086\/261856","volume":"100","author":"E Glaeser","year":"1992","unstructured":"Glaeser E, Kallal H, Scheinkman J, Shleifer A (1992) Growth in cities. J Polit Econ 100(6):1126\u20131152","journal-title":"J Polit Econ"},{"key":"625_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0094-1190(84)90052-4","volume":"16","author":"GS Goldstein","year":"1984","unstructured":"Goldstein GS, Gronberg TJ (1984) Economies of scope and economies of agglomeration. J urban Econ 16:91\u2013104","journal-title":"J urban Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"625_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1080\/0042098002096","volume":"37","author":"IR Gordon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gordon IR, McCann P (2000) Industrial clusters: complexes, agglomeration and\/or social networks? Urban Stud 37(3):513\u2013532","journal-title":"Urban Stud"},{"key":"625_CR53","first-page":"255","volume-title":"The embedded firm: on the socio-economics of industrial networks","author":"G Grabher","year":"1993","unstructured":"Grabher G (1993) The weakness of strong ties: the \u2018lock-in\u2019 of regional development in the Ruhr area. In: Grabher G (ed) The embedded firm: on the socio-economics of industrial networks. Routledge, London, pp 255\u2013277"},{"key":"625_CR54","first-page":"61","volume":"2","author":"B Harrison","year":"1996","unstructured":"Harrison B, Kelley M, Gant J (1996) Specialization versus diversity in local economies: the implications for innovative private-sector behavior. Cityscape: J Policy Dev Res 2:61\u201393","journal-title":"Cityscape: J Policy Dev Res"},{"key":"625_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1086\/262013","volume":"103","author":"V Henderson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Henderson V, Kuncoro A, Turner M (1995) Industrial development in cities. J Polit Econ 103:1067\u20131085","journal-title":"J Polit Econ"},{"key":"625_CR56","volume-title":"Innovation and regional transformation: from clusters to new combinations","author":"M Henning","year":"2010","unstructured":"Henning M, Moodysson J, Nilsson M (2010) Innovation and regional transformation: from clusters to new combinations. Region Sk\u00e5ne, Malm\u00f6"},{"key":"625_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hospers G-J, Sautet F, Desrochers P (2008) Silicon somewhere: Is there a need for cluster policy? In: Karlsson C (ed) (2008b) Handbook of research on innovation and cluster: cases and policies, chap. 24, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham","DOI":"10.4337\/9781848445079.00033"},{"key":"625_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/09654319708720384","volume":"5","author":"A Isaksen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Isaksen A (1997) Regional clusters and competitiveness: the Norwegian case. Eur Plan Stud 5:65\u201376","journal-title":"Eur Plan Stud"},{"key":"625_CR59","volume-title":"The economy of cities","author":"J Jacobs","year":"1969","unstructured":"Jacobs J (1969) The economy of cities. Penguin, London"},{"key":"625_CR60","volume-title":"Cities and the wealth of nations: principles of economic life","author":"J Jacobs","year":"1984","unstructured":"Jacobs J (1984) Cities and the wealth of nations: principles of economic life. Vintage, New York"},{"issue":"3","key":"625_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.2307\/2118401","volume":"108","author":"A Jaffe","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jaffe A, Trajtenberg M, Henderson R (1993) Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations. Q J Econ 108(3):577\u2013598","journal-title":"Q J Econ"},{"key":"625_CR62","volume-title":"Industrial clusters and inter-firm networks, chapter 5","author":"B Johansson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Johansson B (2005) Parsing the menagerie of agglomeration and network externalities. In: Karlsson C, Johansson B, Stough R (eds) Industrial clusters and inter-firm networks, chapter 5. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham"},{"key":"625_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johansson B, Karlsson C, Stough R (eds) (2001) Theories of endogenous regional growth: lessons for regional policies. Advances in spatial science. Springer, Berlin","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59570-7"},{"key":"625_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karlsson C (ed) (2008a) Handbook of research on cluster theory (handbooks of research on clusters series, 1) Ed Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham","DOI":"10.4337\/9781848442849"},{"key":"625_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karlsson C (ed) (2008b) Handbook of research on innovation and cluster: cases and policies (Handbooks of research on clusters series, 2) Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham","DOI":"10.4337\/9781848445079"},{"key":"625_CR66","unstructured":"Keeble D, Wilkinson F (eds) (2000) High-technology clusters. Networking and collective learning in Europe, Ashgate, Aldershot"},{"issue":"5","key":"625_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1093\/jeg\/lbl007","volume":"6","author":"N Ketelh\u00f6hn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ketelh\u00f6hn N (2006) The role of clusters as sources of dynamic externalities in the US semiconductor industry. J Econ Geogr 6(5):679\u2013699","journal-title":"J Econ Geogr"},{"key":"625_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1430-9134.2003.00327.x","volume":"12","author":"C King","year":"2003","unstructured":"King C, Silk A, Ketelh\u00f6hn N (2003) Knowledge spillovers and the growth in the disagglomeration of the US advertising-agency industry. J Econ Manag Strateg 12:327\u2013362","journal-title":"J Econ Manag Strateg"},{"key":"625_CR69","volume-title":"Geography and trade","author":"P Krugman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Krugman P (1991a) Geography and trade. MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"625_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1086\/261763","volume":"99","author":"PR Krugman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Krugman PR (1991b) Increasing returns and economic geography. J Polit Econ 99:483\u2013499","journal-title":"J Polit Econ"},{"key":"625_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00343404.2011.537127","volume":"45","author":"P Krugman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Krugman P (2011) The new economic geography, now middle-aged. Reg Stud 45:1\u20137","journal-title":"Reg Stud"},{"key":"625_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503618381-006","volume-title":"Understanding Silicon Valley: the anatomy of an entrepreneurial region","author":"S Leslie","year":"2000","unstructured":"Leslie S (2000) The biggest \u201cAngel\u201d of them all: the military and the making of Silicon Valley. In: Kenney M (ed) Understanding Silicon Valley: the anatomy of an entrepreneurial region. Stanford University Press, Stanford, pp 48\u201367"},{"issue":"1","key":"625_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3932(88)90168-7","volume":"22","author":"RE Lucas Jr","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lucas RE Jr (1988) On the mechanics of economic development. J Monetary Econ 22(1):3\u201342","journal-title":"J Monetary Econ"},{"key":"625_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2307\/41165978","volume":"41","author":"J Macher","year":"1998","unstructured":"Macher J, Mowery D, Hodges D (1998) Reversal of fortune? The recovery of the US semiconductor industry. Calif Manag Rev 41:107\u2013136","journal-title":"Calif Manag Rev"},{"key":"625_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-57480-1","volume-title":"Clustering dynamics and the location of high-tech-firms (contributions to economics)","author":"M Maggioni","year":"2002","unstructured":"Maggioni M (2002) Clustering dynamics and the location of high-tech-firms (contributions to economics). Springer, Berlin"},{"issue":"3","key":"625_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1068\/a3457","volume":"34","author":"A Malmberg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Malmberg A, Maskell P (2002) The elusive concept of localization economies: towards a knowledge-based theory of spatial clustering. Environ Plan A 34(3):429\u2013449","journal-title":"Environ Plan A"},{"issue":"1","key":"625_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2257.2006.00302.x","volume":"37","author":"A Malmberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Malmberg A, Maskell P (2006) Localized learning revisited. Growth Change 37(1):1\u201318","journal-title":"Growth Change"},{"key":"625_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1080\/13662710500381583","volume":"12","author":"A Malmberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Malmberg A, Power D (2005) (How) do (Firms in) clusters create knowledge? Ind Innov 12:409\u2013431","journal-title":"Ind Innov"},{"issue":"3","key":"625_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.2307\/144402","volume":"72","author":"A Markusen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Markusen A (1996) Sticky places in slippery space: a typology of industrial districts. Econ Geogr 72(3):293\u2013313","journal-title":"Econ Geogr"},{"key":"625_CR80","unstructured":"Marshall A (1920) Principles of economics, 8th edn. Macmillan, London. Original work published 1890"},{"issue":"1","key":"625_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/jeg\/3.1.5","volume":"3","author":"R Martin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Martin R, Sunley P (2003) Deconstructing Clusters: chaotic concept or policy Panacea? J Econ Geogr 3(1):5\u201335","journal-title":"J Econ Geogr"},{"key":"625_CR82","unstructured":"Maskell P, Kebir L (2006) What qualifies a cluster theory? In: Asheim B, Cooke P, Martin R (eds) Clusters and regional development. Critical reflections and explorations. Routledge, New York, pp 30\u201349"},{"issue":"2","key":"625_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1093\/cje\/23.2.167","volume":"23","author":"P Maskell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Maskell P, Malmberg A (1999) Localised learning and industrial competitiveness. Camb J Econ 23(2):167\u2013185","journal-title":"Camb J Econ"},{"key":"625_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203276921","volume-title":"Competitiveness, localised learning and regional development. Specialisation and prosperity in small open economies","author":"P Maskell","year":"1998","unstructured":"Maskell P, Eskelinen H, Hannibalsson I, Malmberg A, Vatne E (1998) Competitiveness, localised learning and regional development. Specialisation and prosperity in small open economies. Routledge, London"},{"key":"625_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCann P (2008) Agglomeration economics. In: Karlsson C (ed) Handbook of research on cluster theory. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham, pp 23\u201338","DOI":"10.4337\/9781848442849.00008"},{"key":"625_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/jeg\/4.1.3","volume":"4","author":"K Morgan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Morgan K (2004) The exaggerated death of geography: learning, proximity and territorial innovation systems. J Econ Geogr 4:3\u201321","journal-title":"J Econ Geogr"},{"key":"625_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1049\/PBHT012E","volume-title":"A history of the world\u2019s semiconductor industry","author":"P Morris","year":"1990","unstructured":"Morris P (1990) A history of the world\u2019s semiconductor industry. Peter Peregrinus Ltd, London"},{"issue":"5","key":"625_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1086\/261641","volume":"97","author":"KM Murphy","year":"1989","unstructured":"Murphy KM, Shleifer A, Vishny RW (1989) Industrialization and the big push. J Polit Econ 97(5):1003\u20131026","journal-title":"J Polit Econ"},{"key":"625_CR89","unstructured":"Neffke F, Henning M (2009) Skill-relatedness and firm diversification. Papers on Economics and Evolution 2009\u201306. Evolutionary Economics Group, revised, Max Planck Institute of Economics"},{"key":"625_CR90","unstructured":"Neffke F, Henning M, Boschma R (2008) Surviving in agglomerations: plant evolution and the changing benefits of the local environment. Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography PEEG. 0820, Utrecht University, Section of Economic Geography"},{"key":"625_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/00343401003596307","volume":"45","author":"F Neffke","year":"2011","unstructured":"Neffke F, Henning M, Boschma R, Lundquist K-J, Olander L-O (2011) The dynamics of agglomeration externalities along the life cycle of industries. Reg Stud 45:49\u201365","journal-title":"Reg Stud"},{"key":"625_CR92","first-page":"69","volume":"61","author":"R Nelson","year":"1966","unstructured":"Nelson R, Phelps E (1966) Investment in humans, technological diffusion, and economic growth. Am Econ Revi 61:69\u201375","journal-title":"Am Econ Revi"},{"key":"625_CR93","volume-title":"Learning and innovation in organizations and economies","author":"B Nooteboom","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nooteboom B (2000) Learning and innovation in organizations and economies. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"key":"625_CR94","unstructured":"Ohlin BG (1933) Interregional and international trade. Harvard University Press, Cambridge. Revised edition published in 1967"},{"key":"625_CR95","unstructured":"Otter HS, van der Veen A, de Vriend HJ (2001) ABLOoM: Location behaviour, spatial patterns, and agent-based modelling. J Artif Soc Soc Simul 4(4). http:\/\/jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk\/4\/4\/2.html"},{"key":"625_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1068\/a34106","volume":"34","author":"JB Parr","year":"2002","unstructured":"Parr JB (2002) Agglomeration economies: ambiguities and confusions. Environ Plan A 34:717\u2013731","journal-title":"Environ Plan A"},{"key":"625_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203849491","volume-title":"Controversies in local economic development: stories, strategies, solutions","author":"M Perry","year":"2010","unstructured":"Perry M (2010a) Controversies in local economic development: stories, strategies, solutions. Routledge, Abingdon"},{"issue":"7","key":"625_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1080\/02690942.2010.532355","volume":"25","author":"M Perry","year":"2010","unstructured":"Perry M (2010b) Controversies in local economic development. Local Econ 25(7):527\u2013534","journal-title":"Local Econ"},{"key":"625_CR99","volume-title":"The tacit dimension","author":"M Polanyi","year":"1967","unstructured":"Polanyi M (1967) The tacit dimension. Routledge, London"},{"key":"625_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-11336-1","volume-title":"The competitive advantage of nations","author":"M Porter","year":"1990","unstructured":"Porter M (1990) The competitive advantage of nations. Free Press, New York"},{"key":"625_CR101","volume-title":"On competition","author":"M Porter","year":"1998","unstructured":"Porter M (1998) Clusters versus industrial policy. In: Porter M (ed) On competition. Harvard Business School Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"625_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/089124240001400105","volume":"14","author":"M Porter","year":"2000","unstructured":"Porter M (2000) Location, competition and economic development: local clusters in the global economy. Econ Dev Q 14:15\u201331","journal-title":"Econ Dev Q"},{"issue":"3","key":"625_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1093\/jeg\/lbq004","volume":"11","author":"A Potter","year":"2011","unstructured":"Potter A, Watts H (2011) Evolutionary agglomeration theory: increasing returns, diminishing returns, and the industry life cycle. J Econ Geogr 11(3):417\u2013455","journal-title":"J Econ Geogr"},{"key":"625_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1080\/00420980410001675850","volume":"41","author":"D Power","year":"2004","unstructured":"Power D, Lundmark M (2004) Working through knowledge pools: labour market dynamics, the transference of knowledge and ideas, and industrial clusters. Urban Stud 41:1025\u20131044","journal-title":"Urban Stud"},{"key":"625_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richardson GB (1972) The organisation of industry. Econ J 82(327):883\u2013896","DOI":"10.2307\/2230256"},{"issue":"1","key":"625_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2005.09.001","volume":"82","author":"A Rodriguez-Clare","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Clare A (2007) Clusters and comparative advantage: implications for industrial policy. J Dev Econ 82(1):43\u201357","journal-title":"J Dev Econ"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"625_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1996(95)01386-5","volume":"40","author":"D Rodrik","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rodrik D (1996) Coordination failures and government policy: a model with applications to East Asia and Eastern Europe. J Int Econ 40(1\u20132):1\u201322","journal-title":"J Int Econ"},{"key":"625_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1086\/261420","volume":"94","author":"P Romer","year":"1986","unstructured":"Romer P (1986) Increasing returns and long-run growth. J Polit Econ 94:1002\u20131037","journal-title":"J Polit Econ"},{"issue":"5","key":"625_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S71","DOI":"10.1086\/261725","volume":"98","author":"P Romer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Romer P (1990) Endogenous technological change. J Polit Econ 98(5):S71\u2013S102","journal-title":"J Polit Econ"},{"key":"625_CR110","volume-title":"Development theory and the economics of growth","author":"J Ros","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ros J (2000) Development theory and the economics of growth. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor"},{"issue":"2","key":"625_CR111","first-page":"4","volume":"3","author":"S Rosenfeld","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rosenfeld S (2005) Industry clusters: business choice, policy outcome, or branding strategy? J New Bus Ideas Trends 3(2):4\u201313","journal-title":"J New Bus Ideas Trends"},{"issue":"2","key":"625_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1162\/003465303765299882","volume":"85","author":"S Rosenthal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rosenthal S, Strange W (2003) Geography, industrial organization, and agglomeration. Rev Econ Stat 85(2):377\u2013393","journal-title":"Rev Econ Stat"},{"key":"625_CR113","first-page":"2119","volume-title":"Handbook of urban and regional economics","author":"S Rosenthal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rosenthal S, Strange W (2004) Evidence on the nature and sources of agglomeration economies. In: Henderson JV, Thisse JF (eds) Handbook of urban and regional economics, vol 4. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp 2119\u20132171"},{"key":"625_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1086\/605208","volume":"58","author":"J Ruan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ruan J, Zhang X (2009) Finance and cluster-based industrial development in China. Econ Dev Cult Change 58:143\u2013164","journal-title":"Econ Dev Cult Change"},{"key":"625_CR115","volume-title":"Regional advantage: culture and competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128","author":"A Saxenian","year":"1994","unstructured":"Saxenian A (1994) Regional advantage: culture and competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Harvard University Press, Cambridge"},{"issue":"3","key":"625_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2307\/2098216","volume":"30","author":"F Scherer","year":"1982","unstructured":"Scherer F (1982) Demand-pull and technological innovation: schmookler revisited. J Ind Econ 30(3):225\u2013238","journal-title":"J Ind Econ"},{"issue":"4","key":"625_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1080\/00220389508422377","volume":"31","author":"H Schmitz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schmitz H (1995) Collective efficiency: growth path for small-scale industry. J Dev Stud 31(4):529\u2013566","journal-title":"J Dev Stud"},{"key":"625_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1086\/257464","volume":"62","author":"T Scitovsky","year":"1954","unstructured":"Scitovsky T (1954) Two concepts of external economies. J Polit Econ 62:70\u201382","journal-title":"J Polit Econ"},{"key":"625_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/jnlecg\/lbh038","volume":"4","author":"AJ Scott","year":"2004","unstructured":"Scott AJ (2004) A perspective of economic geography. J Econ Geogr 4:479\u2013499","journal-title":"J Econ Geogr"},{"key":"625_CR120","volume-title":"An empirically based microeconomics","author":"HA Simon","year":"1997","unstructured":"Simon HA (1997) An empirically based microeconomics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"625_CR121","volume-title":"Semiconductors","author":"T Smith","year":"2000","unstructured":"Smith T (2000) Semiconductors. Standard & Poor\u2019s Industry Surveys, New York"},{"key":"625_CR122","first-page":"1","volume":"34","author":"G Spencer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Spencer G, Vinodrai T, Gertler M, Wolfe D (2009) Do clusters make a difference? Defining and assessing their economic performance. Reg Stud 34:1\u201319","journal-title":"Reg Stud"},{"key":"625_CR123","volume-title":"Understanding cities and regions: spatial political economy","author":"F Stilwell","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stilwell F (1992) Understanding cities and regions: spatial political economy. Pluto Press, Leichardt"},{"key":"625_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Storper M (2009) The economics of context, location and trade: another great transformation? In: Becattini G, Bellandi M, De Propris L (eds) The handbook of industrial districts. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp 141\u2013157","DOI":"10.4337\/9781781007808.00022"},{"key":"625_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2008.05.002","volume":"29","author":"F T\u00f6dtling","year":"2009","unstructured":"T\u00f6dtling F, Lehner P, Kaufmann A (2009) Do different types of innovation rely on specific kinds of knowledge interactions? Technovation 29:59\u201371","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"key":"625_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24760-9_7","volume-title":"Innovation clusters and interregional competition","author":"C Linde Van der","year":"2003","unstructured":"Van der Linde C (2003) The demography of clusters\u2014findings from the cluster meta-study. In: Br\u00f6cker J, Dohse D, Soltwedel R (eds) Innovation clusters and interregional competition. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 130\u2013149"},{"key":"625_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00191-004-0232-x","volume":"14","author":"G Panne Van der","year":"2004","unstructured":"Van der Panne G (2004) Agglomeration externalities: Marshall versus Jacobs. J Evol Econ 14:593\u2013604","journal-title":"J Evol Econ"},{"key":"625_CR128","first-page":"68","volume-title":"Targeting regional economic development","author":"D Woodward","year":"2009","unstructured":"Woodward D, Guimaraes P (2009) Porter\u2019s cluster strategy and industrial targeting. In: Goetz SJ, Deller S, Harris T (eds) Targeting regional economic development. Routledge, New York, pp 68\u201383"}],"container-title":["The Annals of Regional Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00168-014-0625-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00168-014-0625-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00168-014-0625-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T02:10:27Z","timestamp":1746324627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00168-014-0625-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"references-count":128,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["625"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00168-014-0625-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0570-1864","1432-0592"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0570-1864","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0592","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}}}