{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T21:34:13Z","timestamp":1762896853649,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["LAETA-UIDB\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LAETA-UIDB\/50022\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005765","name":"Universidade de Lisboa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Adv Manuf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mechanical joints of sheets to rods by plastic deformation produced at room temperature away from the rod ends have been investigated in recent years but new developments are still needed. The process hereby presented relies in the axial bending of a sheet with a pre-drilled hole of smaller diameter than that of the rod, until the diameter of the sheet becomes equal to the initial diameter of the rod. Then, a rod is placed inside this larger hole diameter of the sheet and the sheet is unbent to its original shape, with its material being radially injected to a rectangular cross-section slot previously machined in the rod, thus producing a mechanical interlocking between the two geometries. The major process parameters are identified and their influence in the deformation mechanics is analysed by means of finite element modelling and experimentation. The experiments were carried out in unit cells while the numerical modelling analysed sheets of different lengths and thicknesses, so that to allow a proper understanding of the influence of different specifications on the new joining by forming process. Destructive performance tests were performed in the sheet-rod connections and comparisons with previous joining techniques were made to confirm the success of the new mechanical joint.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-022-10684-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T03:05:46Z","timestamp":1671505546000},"page":"2891-2901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hidden mechanical joints of sheets to rods by axial sheet bending and unbending"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"124","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1121-9473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael M.","family":"Afonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds M.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"10684_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2008.03.126","volume":"57","author":"R Matsumoto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Matsumoto R, Hanami S, Ogura A, Yoshimura H, Osakada K (2008) New plastic joining method using indentation of cold bar to hot forged part. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 57:279\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cirp.2008.03.126","journal-title":"CIRP Ann Manuf Technol"},{"key":"10684_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s12541-018-0093-0","volume":"19","author":"RG Narayanan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Narayanan RG (2018) A novel method of joining a rod to a sheet by end deformation: a preliminary experimental study. Int J Precis Eng Manuf 19:773\u2013779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12541-018-0093-0","journal-title":"Int J Precis Eng Manuf"},{"key":"10684_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2019.03.002","volume":"68","author":"LM Alves","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alves LM, Afonso RM, Martins PAF (2019) Joining sheets to rods by boss forming. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 68:265\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cirp.2019.03.002","journal-title":"CIRP Ann Manuf Technol"},{"key":"10684_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2020.04.034","volume":"69","author":"A Brosius","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brosius A, Guilleaume C (2020) New cross-rolling process for joining of hybrid components. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 69:245\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cirp.2020.04.034","journal-title":"CIRP Ann Manuf Technol"},{"key":"10684_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirpj.2021.03.018","volume":"33","author":"LM Alves","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alves LM, Afonso RM, Brosius A, Martins PAF (2021) Deformation assisted joining of sheets to rods by indentation and injection. CIRP J Manuf Sci Technol 33:247\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cirpj.2021.03.018","journal-title":"CIRP J Manuf Sci Technol"},{"key":"10684_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jajp.2019.100001","volume":"1","author":"RM Afonso","year":"2020","unstructured":"Afonso RM, Alves LM, Martins PAF (2020) Joining by boss forming of rods and tubes to sheets. J Adv Join Process 1:100001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jajp.2019.100001","journal-title":"J Adv Join Process"},{"key":"10684_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.3390\/ma122333909","volume":"12","author":"LM Alves","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alves LM, Afonso RM, Silva FLR, Martins PAF (2019) Deformation-assisted joining of sheets to tubes by annular sheet squeezing. Mater 12:3909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma122333909","journal-title":"Mater"},{"key":"10684_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-0136(01)01060-3","volume":"117","author":"YM Huang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Huang YM, Chien KH (2001) The formability limitation of the hole-flanging process. J Mater Process Technol 117:43\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0924-0136(01)01060-3","journal-title":"J Mater Process Technol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10684_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63361-6","volume":"24","author":"QQ Lin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lin QQ, Dong WZ, Wang ZG, HirasawaK, (2014) A new hole-flanging method for thick-plate by upsetting process. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China 24(7):2387\u20132392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63361-6","journal-title":"Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China"},{"key":"10684_CR10","volume-title":"Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials","author":"ASTM E8\/E8M","year":"2013","unstructured":"ASTM E8\/E8M (2013) Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, USA"},{"key":"10684_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1007\/s11340-011-9480-5","volume":"51","author":"LM Alves","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alves LM, Nielsen CV, Martins PAF (2011) Revisiting the fundamentals and capabilities of the stack compression test. Exp Mech 51:1565\u20131572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11340-011-9480-5","journal-title":"Exp Mech"},{"key":"10684_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nielsen, CV, Zhang, W, Alves, LM, Bay, N, Martins, PAF (2013) Coupled finite element flow formulation. In: Modelling of thermo-electro-mechanical manufacturing processes with applications in metal forming and resistance welding, Springer-Verlag, London, UK","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-4643-8_3"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00170-022-10684-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00170-022-10684-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00170-022-10684-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T06:14:24Z","timestamp":1673590464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00170-022-10684-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7-8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10684"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00170-022-10684-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-3768","1433-3015"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0268-3768"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1433-3015"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 August 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The article follows the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and involves no studies on human or animal subjects.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable. The article involves no studies on humans.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. The article involves no studies on humans.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}