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This study aimed to develop and validate the UI Self-Management Coping Strategies Instrument (UI-SMCSI) to assess coping strategies in women with UI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A sample of 1538 Portuguese women aged 40\u201365 years with self-reported UI participated in the study. A quantitative design was employed to evaluate the instrument\u2019s factor structure, multigroup invariance, internal consistency, and validity evidence based on its internal structure and relations to other variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Confirmatory factor analysis supported a bidimensional first-order structure comprising defensive and hiding strategies, with excellent model fit indices (CFI = .989; TLI = .987; RMSEA = .072). Internal consistency was strong (\u03b1_defensive = .94; \u03b1_hiding = .80). Measurement invariance was confirmed across UI subtypes (stress, urge, and mixed). Convergent validity was supported by a moderately strong correlation (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .615,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) with the severity measures dimension of the King\u2019s Health Questionnaire.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The UI-SMCSI is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing UI self-management coping strategies among Portuguese women with UI. It offers a practical tool for healthcare professionals to identify behavioral patterns that may hinder effective UI management. Future research should explore the scale\u2019s sensitivity to intervention and its applicability to other demographic and cultural populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-025-06274-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T13:15:38Z","timestamp":1758806138000},"page":"385-396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing Self-Management Coping in Urinary Incontinence: Psychometric Evaluation of the UI-SMCSI in Middle-Aged Women"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7557-3685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta G.","family":"Porto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8659-4393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7842-5285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Queiroz-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0219-2662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Uva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6665-7555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matilde","family":"Patrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0979-4842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Mascarenhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9214-5378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Mar\u00f4co","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"6274_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12852","volume":"115","author":"P Abrams","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abrams P, Smith AP, Cotterill N. 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