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The core of the device is a disposable plastic chip where an immunoassay for the determination of immunosuppressants takes place. The chip is designed in order to have ten parallel microchannels allowing the simultaneous detection of more than one analyte with replicate measurements. The device is equipped with a microfluidic system, which provides sample mixing with the necessary chemicals and pumping samples, reagents and buffers into the measurement chip, and with integrated thin film amorphous silicon photodiodes for the fluorescence detection. Submicrometric fluorescent magnetic particles are used as support in the immunoassay in order to improve the efficiency of the assay. In particular, the magnetic feature is used to concentrate the antibody onto the sensing layer leading to a much faster implementation of the assay, while the fluorescent feature is used to increase the optical signal leading to a larger optical dynamic change and consequently a better sensitivity and a lower limit of detection. The design and development of the whole integrated optical device are here illustrated. In addition, detection of mycophenolic acid and cyclosporine A in spiked solutions and in microdialysate samples from patient blood with the implemented device are reported.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-021-03847-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T12:50:39Z","timestamp":1640177439000},"page":"3243-3255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["An integrated device for fast and sensitive immunosuppressant detection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"414","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Tombelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7822-4459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosimo","family":"Trono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Berneschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Berrettoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ambra","family":"Giannetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Romeo","family":"Bernini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Persichetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Genni","family":"Testa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Orellana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Salis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter B.","family":"Luppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giampiero","family":"Porro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Quarto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Berner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paulo P.","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V\u00e2nia","family":"Silverio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Lopez-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Urs","family":"Hilbig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Freudenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Gauglitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"G\u00e4rtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mark T.","family":"O\u2019Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Baldini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3847_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Luppa PB, M\u00fcller C, Schlichtiger A, Schlebusch H. 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All patients gave written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The author GG is an editor of the journal, but as such was not involved in the peer review of this article. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}