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For this reason, there is a need for innovative analytical methods that allow its monitoring in biological matrices. In this work, we propose a novel methodology to screen eight SCs (AM-694, cumyl-5F-PINACA, MAM-2201, 5F-UR-144, JWH-018, JWH-122, UR-144 and APINACA) in oral fluids. A bar adsorptive microextraction method followed by microliquid desorption combined with high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (BA\u00b5E-\u00b5LD\/HPLC-DAD) was developed to monitor the target SCs. The main factors affecting the BA\u00b5E technology were fully optimized for oral fluid analysis. Under optimized experimental conditions, the proposed methodology showed good linear dynamic ranges from 20.0 to 2000.0 \u00b5g L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> &gt; 0.99, relative residuals &lt; 15%), limits of detection between 2.0 and 5.0 \u00b5g L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and suitable average recovery yields (87.9\u2013100.5%) for the eight studied SCs. The intra- and interday accuracies (bias \u2264 \u00b1 14.7%) and precisions (RSD \u2264 14.9%) were also evaluated at three spiking levels. The validated methodology was then assayed to oral fluid samples collected from several volunteers. The proposed analytical approach showed remarkable performance and could be an effective alternative for routine monitoring of the target compounds in oral fluid.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-024-05517-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T04:02:40Z","timestamp":1726027360000},"page":"6307-6316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bar adsorptive microextraction and liquid chromatography-diode array detection of synthetic cannabinoids in oral fluid"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"416","author":[{"given":"Samir M.","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9879-1565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno R.","family":"Neng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udio R.","family":"Queir\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel F.","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"5517_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.06.008","volume":"191","author":"R Lindigkeit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lindigkeit R, Boehme A, Eiserloh I, Luebbecke M, Wiggermann M, Ernst L, Beuerle T. 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Talanta. 2019;201:335\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2019.04.029.","journal-title":"Talanta."}],"container-title":["Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00216-024-05517-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00216-024-05517-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00216-024-05517-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T05:03:47Z","timestamp":1730869427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00216-024-05517-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"28","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["5517"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-024-05517-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1618-2642","1618-2650"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1618-2642","type":"print"},{"value":"1618-2650","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa (\u2018Comiss\u00e3o de \u00c9tica para Recolha e Prote\u00e7\u00e3o de Dados\u2019) nr 02\/2020.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}