{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:44:07Z","timestamp":1777513447437,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]],"date-time":"2006-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1154390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microb Ecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-006-9057-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,7]],"date-time":"2006-08-07T20:12:51Z","timestamp":1154981571000},"page":"176-186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Screening Possible Mechanisms Mediating Cadmium Resistance in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae Isolated from Contaminated Portuguese Soils"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Sofia Isabel Almeida","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Isabel Gusm\u00e3o","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Etelvina Maria de Almeida Paula","family":"Figueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"9057_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0717(92)90067-8","volume":"24","author":"E B\u00e5\u00e5th","year":"1992","unstructured":"B\u00e5\u00e5th, E (1992) Measurement of heavy metal tolerance of soil bacteria using thymidine incorporation into bacteria extracted after homogenization\u2013centrifugation. Soil Biol Biochem 24: 1167\u20131172","journal-title":"Soil Biol Biochem"},{"key":"9057_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.1.238-245.1998","volume":"64","author":"E B\u00e5\u00e5th","year":"1998","unstructured":"B\u00e5\u00e5th, E, D\u00edaz-Ravina, M, Frosteg\u00e5rd, \u00c5, Campbell,CD (1998) Effect of metal-rich sludge amendments on the soil microbial community. Appl Environ Microbiol 64: 238\u2013245","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"9057_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0717(92)90247-U","volume":"24","author":"JI Baldani","year":"1992","unstructured":"Baldani, JI, Weaver, RW (1992) Survival of clover rhizobia and their plasmid-cured derivates in soil under heat and drought stress. Soil Biol Biochem 24: 737\u2013742","journal-title":"Soil Biol Biochem"},{"key":"9057_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.127.3.1502-1518.1976","volume":"127","author":"TJ Beveridge","year":"1976","unstructured":"Beveridge, TJ, Murray, RGE (1976) Uptake and retention of metals by cell walls of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 127: 1502\u20131518","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"9057_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.141.2.876-887.1980","volume":"141","author":"TJ Beveridge","year":"1980","unstructured":"Beveridge, TJ, Murray, RGE (1980) Sites of metal deposition in the cell wall of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 141: 876\u2013887","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"9057_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1897\/1552-8618(1993)12[1365:CTOTMB]2.0.CO;2","volume":"12","author":"RC Blake","year":"1993","unstructured":"Blake, RC, Choate, DM, Bardhan, S, Revis, N, Barton, LL, Zocco, TG (1993) Chemical transformation of toxic metals by a Pseudomonas strain from a toxic waste site. Environ Toxicol Chem 12: 1365\u20131376","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"9057_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1006\/eesa.1999.1860","volume":"45","author":"MR Bruins","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bruins, MR, Kapil, S, Oehme, FW (2000) Microbial resistance to metals in the environment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 45: 198\u2013207","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"9057_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(02)00235-3","volume":"35","author":"IV Castro","year":"2003","unstructured":"Castro, IV, Ferreira, EM, McGrath, SP (2003) Survival and plasmid stability of rhizobia introduced into contaminated soil. Soil Biol Biochem 35: 49\u201354","journal-title":"Soil Biol Biochem"},{"key":"9057_CR9","unstructured":"Commission of the European Communities (1986) Council directive on the protection of the environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is used in agriculture. Off J Eur Communities L181. Annex 1A, 10"},{"key":"9057_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.60.7.2238-2247.1994","volume":"60","author":"M D\u00edaz-Ravi\u00f1a","year":"1994","unstructured":"D\u00edaz-Ravi\u00f1a, M, B\u00e5\u00e5th, M, Frosteg\u00e5rd, A (1994) Multiple heavy metal tolerance of soil bacterial communities and its measurement by thymidine incorporation technique. Appl Environ Microbiol 60: 2238\u20132247","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"9057_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00336319","volume":"17","author":"P Doelman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Doelman, P, Jansen, E, Michels, M, van Til, M (1994) Effects of heavy metals in soil on microbial diversity and activity as shown by the sensitivity\u2013resistance index, an ecologically relevant parameter. Biol Fertil Soil 17: 177\u2013184","journal-title":"Biol Fertil Soil"},{"key":"9057_CR12","unstructured":"Figueira, E (2000) Aspectos da toler\u00e2ncia salina em Pisum sativum L.: influ\u00eancia da nutri\u00e7\u00e3o azotada. PhD Thesis. Universidade de Aveiro. Aveiro, Portugal"},{"key":"9057_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.200420442","volume":"168","author":"EMAP Figueira","year":"2005","unstructured":"Figueira, EMAP, Caldeira, GCN (2005) Effect of nitrogen nutrition on salt tolerance of Pisum sativum during vegetative growth. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 168: 359\u2013362","journal-title":"J Plant Nutr Soil Sci"},{"key":"9057_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1139\/w04-101","volume":"51","author":"EMAP Figueira","year":"2005","unstructured":"Figueira, EMAP, Lima, AIG, Pereira, SIA (2005) Monitoring glutathione levels as a marker for cadmium stress in Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae. Can J Microbiol 51: 7\u201314","journal-title":"Can J Microbiol"},{"key":"9057_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02013274","volume":"4","author":"GM Gadd","year":"1978","unstructured":"Gadd, GM, Griffiths, AJ (1978) Microorganisms and heavy metal toxicity. Microb Ecol 4: 303\u2013317","journal-title":"Microb Ecol"},{"key":"9057_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(97)00270-8","volume":"30","author":"KE Giller","year":"1998","unstructured":"Giller, KE, Witter, E, McGrath, SP (1998) Toxicity of heavy metals to microorganisms and microbial process in agricultural soils: a review. Soil Biol Biochem 30: 1389\u20131414","journal-title":"Soil Biol Biochem"},{"key":"9057_CR17","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Gel Electrophoresis of Proteins: A Practical Approach","author":"BD Hames","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hames, BD (1981) An introduction to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In: Hames, BD, Rickwood, D (Eds.) Gel Electrophoresis of Proteins: A Practical Approach, IRL Press, Oxford, pp 1\u201391"},{"key":"9057_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00625.x","volume":"4","author":"MF Hynes","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hynes, MF, McGregor, NF (1990) Two plasmids other than the nodulation plasmid are necessary for formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules by Rhizobium leguminosarum. Mol Microbiol 4: 567\u2013574","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"9057_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-619X(85)90062-9","volume":"13","author":"MF Hynes","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hynes, MF, Simon, R, P\u00fchler, A (1985) The development of plasmid-free strains of Agrobacterium tumefasciens by using incompatibility with Rhizobium meliloti plasmid to eliminate pAtC58. Plasmid 13: 99\u2013105","journal-title":"Plasmid"},{"key":"9057_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01569887","volume":"14","author":"G Ji","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ji, G, Silver, S (1995) Bacterial resistance mechanisms for heavy metals of environmental concern. J Ind Microbiol 14: 61\u201375","journal-title":"J Ind Microbiol"},{"key":"9057_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-1393(02)00018-5","volume":"20","author":"M Khan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Khan, M, Scullion, J (2002) Effects of metal (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb or Zn) enrichment of sewage-sludge on soil microorganisms and their activities. Appl Soil Ecol 20: 145\u2013155","journal-title":"Appl Soil Ecol"},{"key":"9057_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0","volume":"227","author":"UK Laemmli","year":"1970","unstructured":"Laemmli, UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of the bacteriophage T4. Nature 227: 680\u2013685","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9057_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.2.489-498.1999","volume":"65","author":"S Langley","year":"1999","unstructured":"Langley, S, Beveridge, TJ (1999) Effect of O-side-chain\u2013lipopolysaccharide chemistry on metal binding. Appl Environ Microbiol 65: 489\u2013498","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"9057_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(01)00210-3","volume":"34","author":"A Lakzian","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lakzian, A, Murphy, P, Turner, A, Beynon, JL, Giller, KE (2002) Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae populations in soils with increasing heavy metal contamination: abundance, plasmid profiles, diversity and metal tolerance. Soil Biol Biochem 34: 519\u2013529","journal-title":"Soil Biol Biochem"},{"key":"9057_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1999.00520.x","volume":"28","author":"K Lawlor","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lawlor, K, Chaudri, AM, McGrath, SP, Hirsch, PR (1999) Gene transfer in bacteria from soils contaminated with heavy metals. Lett Appl Microbiol 28: 317\u2013320","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"9057_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2003.08.001","volume":"30","author":"A Malik","year":"2004","unstructured":"Malik, A (2004) Metal bioremediation through growing cells. Environ Int 30: 261\u2013278","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"9057_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0717(88)90052-1","volume":"20","author":"SP McGrath","year":"1988","unstructured":"McGrath, SP, Brookes, PC, Giller, KE (1988) Effects of potential toxic metals in soil derived from past applications of sewage sludge on nitrogen fixation by Trifolium repens L. Soil Biol Biochem 20: 415\u2013424","journal-title":"Soil Biol Biochem"},{"key":"9057_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01569890","volume":"14","author":"SP McGrath","year":"1995","unstructured":"McGrath, SP, Chaudri, AM, Giller, KE (1995) Long-term effects of metals in sewage sludge on soils, microorganisms and plants. J Ind Microbiol 14: 94\u2013104","journal-title":"J Ind Microbiol"},{"key":"9057_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.55.12.3143-3149.1989","volume":"55","author":"MD Mullen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mullen, MD, Wolf, DC, Ferris, FG, Beveridge, TJ, Flemming, CA, Bailey, GW (1989) Bacterial sorption of heavy metals. Appl Environ Microbiol 55: 3143\u20133149","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"9057_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-619X(92)90003-S","volume":"27","author":"DH Nies","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nies, DH (1992) Resistance to cadmium, cobalt, zinc, and nickel in microbes. Plasmid 27: 17\u201328","journal-title":"Plasmid"},{"key":"9057_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1007\/s002530051457","volume":"51","author":"DH Nies","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nies, DH (1999) Microbial heavy-metal resistance. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 51: 730\u2013750","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"9057_CR32","first-page":"189","volume":"14","author":"DH Nies","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nies, DH, Silver, S (1995) Ion efflux systems involved in bacterial metal resistances. J Ind Microbiol 14: 189\u2013199","journal-title":"J Ind Microbiol"},{"key":"9057_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s002840010179","volume":"42","author":"D Purchase","year":"2001","unstructured":"Purchase, D, Miles, RJ (2001) Survival and nodulating ability of indigenous and inoculated Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii in sterilized and unsterilized soil treated with sewage sludge. Curr Microbiol 42: 59\u201364","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"9057_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.1997.tb00359.x","volume":"22","author":"D Purchase","year":"1997","unstructured":"Purchase, D, Miles, RJ, Young, TWK (1997) Cadmium uptake and nitrogen fixing ability in heavy-metal-resistant laboratory and field strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 22: 85\u201393","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"9057_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1139\/m96-084","volume":"42","author":"D Saxena","year":"1996","unstructured":"Saxena, D, Amin, M, Khanna, S (1996) Modulation of protein profiles in Rhizobium sp. under salt stress. Can J Microbiol 42: 617\u2013620","journal-title":"Can J Microbiol"},{"key":"9057_CR36","first-page":"221","volume":"33","author":"JA Scott","year":"1990","unstructured":"Scott, JA, Palmer, SJ (1990) Sites of cadmium uptake in bacteria used for biosorption. Appl Environ Microbiol 33: 221\u2013225","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"9057_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-1393(02)00062-8","volume":"21","author":"W Shi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shi, W, Bischoff, M, Turco, R, Konopka, A (2002) Long-term effects of chromium and lead upon the activity of soil microbial communities. Appl Soil Ecol 21: 169\u2013177","journal-title":"Appl Soil Ecol"},{"key":"9057_CR38","first-page":"107","volume":"102","author":"S Silver","year":"1994","unstructured":"Silver, S, Ji, G (1994) Newer systems for bacterial resistance's to toxic heavy metals. Environ Health Perspect 102: 107\u2013113","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"9057_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.42.100188.003441","volume":"42","author":"S Silver","year":"1988","unstructured":"Silver, S, Misra, TK (1988) Plasmid-mediated heavy metal resistances. Annu Rev Microbiol 42: 717\u2013743","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"9057_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.50.1.753","volume":"50","author":"S Silver","year":"1996","unstructured":"Silver, S, Phung, LT (1996) Bacterial heavy metal resistance: new surprises. Annu Rev Microbiol 50: 753\u2013789","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"9057_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-8375-8","volume-title":"Handbook for Rhizobia","author":"P Somasegaran","year":"1994","unstructured":"Somasegaran, P, Hoben, HJ (1994) Handbook for Rhizobia, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York"},{"key":"9057_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.39.100185.001331","volume":"39","author":"IW Sutherland","year":"1985","unstructured":"Sutherland, IW (1985) Biosynthesis and composition of gram-negative bacterial extracellular and wall polysaccharides. Annu Rev Microbiol 39: 243\u2013270","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"9057_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(82)90673-X","volume":"119","author":"CM Tsai","year":"1982","unstructured":"Tsai, CM, Frash, CE (1982) A sensitive silver stain for detecting lipopolysaccharides in polyacrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 119: 115\u2013119","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"9057_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(00)00121-8","volume":"33","author":"S Unni","year":"2001","unstructured":"Unni, S, Rao, KK (2001) Protein and lipopolysaccharide profiles of salt-sensitive Rhizobium sp. and its exopolysaccharide-deficient mutant. Soil Biol Biochem 33: 111\u2013115","journal-title":"Soil Biol Biochem"},{"key":"9057_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.2144\/97222bm07","volume":"22","author":"C Valverde","year":"1997","unstructured":"Valverde, C, Hozbor, DF, Lagares, A (1997) Rapid preparation of affinity-purified lipopolysaccharide samples for electrophoretic analysis. BioTechniques 22: 230\u2013236","journal-title":"BioTechniques"},{"key":"9057_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-138-10-2125","volume":"138","author":"U V\u00f6lker","year":"1992","unstructured":"V\u00f6lker, U, Mach, H, Schmid, R, Hecher, M (1992) Stress protein and cross-protection by heat shock and salt stress in Bacillus subtilis. J Gen Microbiol 138: 2125\u20132135","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"9057_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02851923","volume":"122","author":"RW Weaver","year":"1990","unstructured":"Weaver, RW, Holt, EC (1990) Short-term survival of rhizobia on arrow leaf clover seed at different depths. Plant Soil 122: 147\u2013150","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"9057_CR48","first-page":"915","volume":"49","author":"A Yeo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yeo, A (1998) Molecular biology of salt tolerance in the context of whole-plant physiology. J Exp Bot 49: 915\u2013929","journal-title":"J Exp Bot"},{"key":"9057_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00357572","volume":"10","author":"HH Zahran","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zahran, HH, R\u00e4s\u00e4nen, LA, Karsisto, M, Lindstr\u00f6m, K (1994) Alteration of lipopolysaccharide and protein profiles in SDS-PAGE of rhizobia by osmotic and heat stress. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 10: 100\u2013105","journal-title":"World J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"9057_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.6.2141-2144.2001","volume":"183","author":"X Zhang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zhang, X, Kosier, B, Priefer, UB (2001) Symbiotic plasmid rearrangement in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae VF39SM. J Bacteriol 183: 2141\u20132144","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"}],"container-title":["Microbial Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00248-006-9057-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00248-006-9057-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00248-006-9057-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T20:07:19Z","timestamp":1587154039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00248-006-9057-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]}},"alternative-id":["9057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00248-006-9057-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-3628","1432-184X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-3628","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-184X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]}}}