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Despite the identification of hundreds of bacterial sRNAs, their roles on bacterial physiology and virulence remain largely unknown, as is the case of bacteria of the <jats:italic>Burkholderia cepacia<\/jats:italic> complex (Bcc). Bcc is a group of opportunistic pathogens with relatively large genomes that can cause lethal lung infections amongst cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. To characterise sRNAs expressed by Bcc bacteria when infecting a host, the nematode <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic> was used as an infection model by the epidemic CF strain <jats:italic>B. cenocepacia<\/jats:italic> J2315. A total of 108 new and 31 previously described sRNAs with a predicted Rho independent terminator were identified, most of them located on chromosome 1. RIT11b, a sRNA downregulated under <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic> infection conditions, was shown to directly affect <jats:italic>B. cenocepacia<\/jats:italic> virulence, biofilm formation, and swimming motility. RIT11b overexpression reduced the expression of the direct targets <jats:italic>dusA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pyrC<\/jats:italic>, involved in biofilm formation, epithelial cell adherence, and chronic infections in other organisms. The in vitro direct interaction of RIT11b with the <jats:italic>dusA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pyrC<\/jats:italic> messengers was demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on the functional characterization of a sRNA directly involved in <jats:italic>B. cenocepacia<\/jats:italic> virulence.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 139 sRNAs expressed by B. cenocepacia during C. elegans infection were identified<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 The sRNA RIT11b affects B. cenocepacia virulence, biofilm formation, and motility<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 RIT11b directly binds to and regulates dusA and pyrC mRNAs<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-023-12530-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T11:15:01Z","timestamp":1682421301000},"page":"3653-3671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Identification of Burkholderia cenocepacia non-coding RNAs expressed during Caenorhabditis elegans infection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8507-4321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Pita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4906-676X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana R.","family":"Feliciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8850-274X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge H.","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"12530_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/77.1.71","volume":"77","author":"S Brenner","year":"1974","unstructured":"Brenner S (1974) The genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans. 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