{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T02:45:58Z","timestamp":1774665958374,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Proyecto Plan Estatal Espa\u00f1ol","award":["CGL2013-47448-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL2013-47448-P"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav Ecol Sociobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-018-2463-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T08:35:24Z","timestamp":1521102924000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Risk-taking behavior, urbanization and the pace of life in birds"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Sol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Maspons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Gonzalez-Voyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Morales-Castilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Zsolt","family":"Garamszegi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anders Pape","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2463_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1315179111","volume":"111","author":"PB Adler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adler PB, Salguero-g\u00f3mez R, Compagnoni A, Hsu JH, Ray-Mukherjee J, Mbeau-Ache C, Franco M (2014) Functional traits explain variation in plant life history strategies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111:740\u2013745","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2463_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2005.05.010","volume":"71","author":"DT Blumstein","year":"2006","unstructured":"Blumstein DT (2006) Developing an evolutionary ecology of fear: how life history and natural history traits affect disturbance tolerance in birds. Anim Behav 71:389\u2013399","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"2463_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blomberg SP, Garland T, Ives AR (2003) Testing for phylogenetic signal in comparative data: behavioral traits are more labile. Evolution 57:717\u2013745","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00285.x"},{"key":"2463_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1949.tb00021.x","volume":"3","author":"C Bogert","year":"1949","unstructured":"Bogert C (1949) Thermoregulation in reptiles, a factor in evolution. Evolution 3:195\u2013211","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2463_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018859","volume":"6","author":"M Carrete","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carrete M, Tella JL (2011) Inter-individual variability in fear of humans and relative brain size of the species are related to contemporary urban invasion in birds. PLoS One 6:e18859","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2463_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2000)081[0619:PARPAT]2.0.CO;2","volume":"81","author":"H Caswell","year":"2000","unstructured":"Caswell H (2000) Prospective and retrospective perturbation analyses: their roles in conservation biology. Ecology 81:619\u2013627","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2463_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2017.00053","volume":"5","author":"A Charmantier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Charmantier A, Demeyrier V, Lambrechts M, Perret S, Gr\u00e9goire A (2017) Urbanization is associated with divergence in pace-of-life in great tits. Front Ecol Evol 5:53","journal-title":"Front Ecol Evol"},{"key":"2463_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mss075","volume":"29","author":"AJ Drummond","year":"2012","unstructured":"Drummond AJ, Suchard MA, Xie D, Rambaut A (2012) Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7. Mol Biol Evol 29:1969\u20131973","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2463_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2015.12.014","volume":"31","author":"A Estrada","year":"2016","unstructured":"Estrada A, Morales-Castilla I, Caplat P, Early R (2016) Usefulness of species traits in predicting range shifts. Trends Ecol Evol 31:190\u2013203","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"2463_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2011.19722.x","volume":"121","author":"KL Evans","year":"2012","unstructured":"Evans KL, Newton J, Gaston KJ, Sharp SP, McGowan A, Hatchwell BJ (2012) Colonisation of urban environments is associated with reduced migratory behaviour, facilitating divergence from ancestral populations. Oikos 121:634\u2013640","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"2463_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1086\/343873","volume":"160","author":"RP Freckleton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Freckleton RP, Harvey PH, Pagel M (2002) Phylogenetic analysis and comparative data: a test and review of evidence. Am Nat 160:712\u2013726","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"2463_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Voyer A, von Hardenberg A (2014) An introduction to phylogenetic path analysis. In: Garamszegi LZ (ed) Modern phylogenetic comparative methods and their application in evolutionary biology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 201\u2013229","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-43550-2_8"},{"key":"2463_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.127.1.45","volume":"127","author":"SD Gosling","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gosling SD (2001) From mice to men: what can we learn about personality from animal research? Psychol Bull 127:45\u201386","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"2463_CR14","first-page":"176","volume-title":"Animal innovation","author":"R Greenberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Greenberg R (2003) The role of neophobia and neophilia in the development of innovative behaviour of birds. In: Reader SM, Laland KN (eds) Animal innovation. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 176\u2013196"},{"key":"2463_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v033.i02","volume":"33","author":"JD Hadfield","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hadfield JD (2010) MCMC methods for multi-response generalized linear mixed models: the MCMCglmm R package. J Stat Softw 33:1\u201322","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2463_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2009.01915.x","volume":"23","author":"JD Hadfield","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hadfield JD, Nakagawa S (2010) General quantitative genetic methods for comparative biology: phylogenies, taxonomies and multi-trait models for continuous and categorical characters. J Evol Biol 23:494\u2013508","journal-title":"J Evol Biol"},{"key":"2463_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3203","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.0673","volume":"277","author":"M Hau","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hau M, Ricklefs RE, Wikelski M, Lee KA, Brawn JD (2010) Corticosterone, testosterone and life-history strategies of birds. Proc Biol Sci 277:3203\u20133212","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"2463_CR18","first-page":"21","volume":"54","author":"H Hediger","year":"1934","unstructured":"Hediger H (1934) Zur biologie und Psychologie der Flucht bei Tieren. Biol ZBL 54:21\u201340","journal-title":"Biol ZBL"},{"key":"2463_CR19","first-page":"74","volume":"11","author":"A Hemmingsen","year":"1951","unstructured":"Hemmingsen A (1951) The relation of shyness (flushing distance) to body size. Spolia Zool Musei Hauniensis 11:74\u201376","journal-title":"Spolia Zool Musei Hauniensis"},{"key":"2463_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12106","volume":"90","author":"SM Hille","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hille SM, Cooper CB (2014) Elevational trends in life histories: revising the pace-of-life framework. Biol Rev 90:204\u2013213","journal-title":"Biol Rev"},{"key":"2463_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1086\/380570","volume":"163","author":"EA Housworth","year":"2004","unstructured":"Housworth EA, Martins P, Lynch M (2004) The phylogenetic mixed model. Am Nat 163:84\u201396","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"2463_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1086\/346135","volume":"161","author":"RB Huey","year":"2003","unstructured":"Huey RB, Hertz PE, Sinervo B (2003) Behavioral drive versus behavioral inertia in evolution: a null model approach. Am Nat 161:357\u2013366","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"2463_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11631","volume":"491","author":"W Jetz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jetz W, Thomas GH, Joy JB, Hartmann K, Mooers AO (2012) The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491:444\u2013448","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2463_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2006.01638.x","volume":"34","author":"S Kark","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kark S, Iwaniuk A, Schalimtzek A, Banker E (2007) Living in the city: can anyone become an \u201curban exploiter\u201d? J Biogeogr 34:638\u2013651","journal-title":"J Biogeogr"},{"key":"2463_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/13127-000","volume-title":"Behavioral aspects of ecology","author":"P Klopfer","year":"1962","unstructured":"Klopfer P (1962) Behavioral aspects of ecology. Prentice-Hall International Inc., London"},{"key":"2463_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(99)00026-3","volume":"23","author":"JM Koolhaas","year":"1999","unstructured":"Koolhaas JM, Korte SM, de Boer SF, Van Der Vegt BJ, Van Reenen CG, Hopster H, De Jong IC, Ruis MA, Blokhuis HJ (1999) Coping styles in animals: current status in behavior and stress-physiology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 23:925\u2013935","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2463_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-011-0415-4","volume":"14","author":"WY Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee WY, Lee SI, Choe JC, Jablonski PG (2011) Wild birds recognize individual humans: experiments on magpies, Pica pica. Anim Cogn 14:817\u2013825","journal-title":"Anim Cogn"},{"key":"2463_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8959","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811422106","volume":"106","author":"DJ Levey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Levey DJ, Londo\u00f1o GA, Ungvari-Martin J, Hiersoux MR, Jankowski JE, Poulsen JR, Stracey CM, Robinson SK (2009) Urban mockingbirds quickly learn to identify individual humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:8959\u20138962","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2463_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12012","volume":"88","author":"H Lowry","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lowry H, Lill A, Wong BBM (2013) Behavioural responses of wildlife to urban environments. Biol Rev 88:537\u2013549","journal-title":"Biol Rev"},{"key":"2463_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2011.0341","volume":"7","author":"AA Maklakov","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maklakov AA, Immler S, Gonzalez-Voyer A, R\u00f6nn J, Kolm N (2011) Brains and the city: big-brained passerine birds succeed in urban environments. Biol Lett 7:730\u2013732","journal-title":"Biol Lett"},{"key":"2463_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5457.1482","volume":"287","author":"TE Martin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Martin TE, Martin PR, Olson CR, Heidinger BJ, Fontaine JJ (2000) Parental care and clutch sizes in north and south American birds. Science 287:1482\u20131485","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2463_CR32","unstructured":"Mayr E (1965) The nature of colonising birds. In: Baker HG, Stebbins GL (eds) The genetics of colonizing species. Academic press, New York, pp 29\u201343"},{"key":"2463_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller AP (1994) Sexual selection and the barn swallow. Oxford University Press","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198540298.001.0001"},{"key":"2463_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-008-0636-y","volume":"63","author":"AP M\u00f8ller","year":"2008","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller AP (2008) Flight distance of urban birds, predation, and selection for urban life. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 63:63\u201375","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"key":"2463_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arp199","volume":"21","author":"AP M\u00f8ller","year":"2010","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller AP (2010) Interspecific variation in fear responses predicts urbanization in birds. Behav Ecol 21:365\u2013371","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"key":"2463_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107447189.005","volume-title":"Escaping from predators: an integrative view of escape decisions and refuge use","author":"AP M\u00f8ller","year":"2015","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller AP (2015) Birds. In: Cooper WJ, Blumstein D (eds) Escaping from predators: an integrative view of escape decisions and refuge use. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 88\u2013112"},{"key":"2463_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-015-3268-8","volume":"178","author":"AP M\u00f8ller","year":"2015","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller AP, Diaz M, Flensted-Jensen E, Grim T, Iba\u00f1ez-Alamo JD, Jokim\u00e4ki J, M\u00e4nd R, Mark\u00f3 G, Tryjanowski P (2015) Urbanized birds have superior establishment success in novel environments. Oecologia 178:943\u2013950","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"2463_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.12272","volume":"27","author":"AP M\u00f8ller","year":"2014","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller AP, Erritz\u00f8e J (2014) Predator-prey interactions, flight initiation distance and brain size. J Evol Biol 27:34\u201342","journal-title":"J Evol Biol"},{"key":"2463_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/art054","volume":"24","author":"AP M\u00f8ller","year":"2013","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller AP, Grim T, Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-\u00c1lamo JD, Mark\u00f3 G, Tryjanowski P (2013) Change in flight initiation distance between urban and rural habitats following a cold winter. Behav Ecol 24:1211\u20131217","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"key":"2463_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller AP, Liang W (2013) Tropical birds take small risks. Behav Ecol 24:267\u2013272","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/ars163"},{"key":"2463_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller AP, Garamszegi LZ (2012) Between individual variation in risk taking behavior and its life history consequences. Behav Ecol 23:843\u2013853","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/ars040"},{"key":"2463_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.baae.2004.06.002","volume":"5","author":"MK Oli","year":"2004","unstructured":"Oli MK (2004) The fast-slow continuum and mammalian life-history patterns: an empirical evaluation. Basic Appl Ecol 5:449\u2013463","journal-title":"Basic Appl Ecol"},{"key":"2463_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1086\/367591","volume":"161","author":"MK Oli","year":"2003","unstructured":"Oli MK, Dobson FS (2003) The relative importance of life-history variables to population growth rate in mammals: Cole\u2019s prediction revisited. Am Nat 161:422\u2013440","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"2463_CR44","unstructured":"Orme D, Freckleton R, Thomas G, Petzoldt T, Fritz S, Isaac N, Pearse W (2013). Caper: comparative analyses of Phylogenetics and evolution in R. R package version 0.5.2. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=caper"},{"key":"2463_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2009.06.033","volume":"78","author":"SE Overington","year":"2009","unstructured":"Overington SE, Morand-Ferron J, Boogert NJ, Lefebvre L (2009) Technical innovations drive the relationship between innovativeness and residual brain size in birds. Anim Behav 78:1001\u20131010","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"2463_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg412","volume":"20","author":"E Paradis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Paradis E, Claude J, Strimmer K (2004) APE: analyses of phylogenetics and evolution in R language. Bioinformatics 20:289\u2013290","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2463_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2016.10.006","volume":"123","author":"D Perals","year":"2017","unstructured":"Perals D, Griffin AS, Bartomeus I, Sol D (2017) Revisiting the open-field test: what does it really tell us about animal personality? Anim Behav 123:69\u201379","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"2463_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1991.tb04354.x","volume":"45","author":"T Price","year":"1991","unstructured":"Price T, Schulter D (1991) On the low heritability of life-history traits. Evolution 45:853\u2013861","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2463_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2003.2372","volume":"270","author":"TD Price","year":"2003","unstructured":"Price TD, Qvarnstrom A, Irwin DE (2003) The role of phenotypic plasticity in driving genetic evolution. Proc R Soc Lond B 270:1433\u20131440","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B"},{"key":"2463_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4051","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0208","volume":"365","author":"D R\u00e9ale","year":"2010","unstructured":"R\u00e9ale D, Garant D, Humphries MM, Bergeron P, Careau V, Montiglio P-O (2010) Personality and the emergence of the pace-of-life syndrome concept at the population level. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 365:4051\u20134063","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2463_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2007.00010.x","volume":"82","author":"D R\u00e9ale","year":"2007","unstructured":"R\u00e9ale D, Reader SM, Sol D, McDougall PT, Dingemanse N (2007) Integrating animal temperament within ecology and evolution. Biol Rev 82:291\u2013318","journal-title":"Biol Rev"},{"key":"2463_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2009.00804.x","volume":"63","author":"LJ Revell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Revell LJ (2009) Size-correction and principal components for interspecific comparative studies. Evolution 63:3258\u20133268","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2463_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(02)02578-8","volume":"17","author":"RE Ricklefs","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ricklefs RE, Wikelski M (2002) The physiology\/life-history nexus. Trends Ecol Evol 17:462\u2013468","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"2463_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1038\/331616a0","volume":"331","author":"B-E Saether","year":"1988","unstructured":"Saether B-E (1988) Pattern of covariation between life-history traits of european birds. Nature 331:616\u2013617","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2463_CR55","unstructured":"Saether B-E, Engen S (2003) Routes to extinction. In: Blackburn TM, Gaston KJ (eds) Macroecology - concepts and consequences. Cambridge University Press, pp 218\u2013236"},{"key":"2463_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12482","volume":"85","author":"R Salguero Gomez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Salguero Gomez R, Jones O, Archer R et al (2016) COMADRE: a global database of animal demography. J Anim Ecol 85:371\u2013384","journal-title":"J Anim Ecol"},{"key":"2463_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13971","volume":"7","author":"F Sayol","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sayol F, Maspons J, Lapiedra O, Iwaniuk AN, Sz\u00e9kely T, Sol D (2016) Environmental variation and the evolution of large brains in birds. Nat Commun 7:13971","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2463_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1890\/12-0976.1","volume":"94","author":"B Shipley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shipley B (2013) The AIC model selection method applied to path analytic models compared using a d-separation test. Ecology 94:560\u2013564","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2463_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2005.11.019","volume":"21","author":"E Shochat","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shochat E, Warren PS, Faeth SH, McIntyre NE, Hope D (2006) From patterns to emerging processes in mechanistic urban ecology. Trends Ecol Evol 21:186\u2013191","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"2463_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2004.04.009","volume":"19","author":"A Sih","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sih A, Bell A, Johnson JC (2004) Behavioral syndromes: an ecological and evolutionary overview. Trends Ecol Evol 19:372\u2013378","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"2463_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2011.01731.x","volume":"15","author":"A Sih","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sih A, Cote J, Evans M, Fogarty S, Pruitt J (2012) Ecological implications of behavioural syndromes. Ecol Lett 15:278\u2013289","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"2463_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2762","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0216","volume":"367","author":"A Sih","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sih A, Del Giudice M (2012) Linking behavioural syndromes and cognition: a behavioural ecology perspective. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 367:2762\u20132772","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2463_CR63","first-page":"111","volume-title":"The cognitive-buffer hypothesis for the evolution of large brains","author":"D Sol","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sol D (2009a) The cognitive-buffer hypothesis for the evolution of large brains. In: Dukas R, Ratcliffe RM (eds) . Cogn Ecol. Chicago University Press, Chicago, pp 111\u2013134"},{"key":"2463_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2008.0621","volume":"5","author":"D Sol","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sol D (2009b) Revisiting the cognitive buffer hypothesis for the evolution of large brains. Biol Lett 5:130\u2013133","journal-title":"Biol Lett"},{"key":"2463_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-011-2203-x","volume":"169","author":"D Sol","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sol D, Bartomeus I, Griffin AS (2012a) The paradox of invasion in birds: competitive superiority or ecological opportunismz? Oecologia 169:553\u2013564","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"2463_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12297","volume":"17","author":"D Sol","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sol D, Gonz\u00e1lez-Lagos C, Moreira D, Maspons J, Lapiedra O (2014) Urbanisation tolerance and the loss of avian diversity. Ecol Lett 17:942\u2013950","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"2463_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019535","volume":"6","author":"D Sol","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sol D, Griffin AS, Bartomeus I, Boyce H (2011) Exploring or avoiding novel food resources\u00a0? The novelty conflict in an invasive bird. PLoS One 6:e19535","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2463_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2013.01.023","volume":"85","author":"D Sol","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sol D, Lapiedra O, Gonz\u00e1lez-lagos C (2013) Behavioural adjustments for a life in the city. Anim Behav 85:1101\u20131112","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"2463_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139939492.006","volume-title":"Biological invasions and animal behaviour","author":"D Sol","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sol D, Maspons J (2016) Life history, behaviour and invasion success. In: Weis J, Sol D (eds) Biological invasions and animal behaviour. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 63\u201382"},{"key":"2463_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1221523","volume":"337","author":"D Sol","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sol D, Maspons J, Vall-Llosera M, Bartomeus I, Garc\u00eda-Pe\u00f1a G, Pi\u00f1ol J, Freckleton RP (2012b) Unravelling the life history of successful invaders. Science 337:580\u2013583","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2463_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0187","volume":"371","author":"D Sol","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sol D, Sayol F, Ducatez S, Lefebvre L (2016) The life-history basis of behavioural innovations. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 371:20150187","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2463_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2307\/3544261","volume":"41","author":"SC Stearns","year":"1983","unstructured":"Stearns SC (1983) The influence of size and phylogeny on patterns of covariation among life-history traits in the mammals. Oikos 41:173\u2013187","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"2463_CR73","volume-title":"The evolution of life histories","author":"SC Stearns","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stearns SC (1992) The evolution of life histories. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"key":"2463_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1007\/s001140050763","volume":"87","author":"SC Stearns","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stearns SC (2000) Life history evolution: successes, limitations, and prospects. Naturwissenschaften 87:476\u2013486","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"2463_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3155","volume":"272","author":"B Tieleman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tieleman B, Williams JB, Ricklefs RE, Klasing KC (2005) Constitutive innate immunity is a component of the pace-of-life syndrome in tropical birds. Proc R Soc Lond B 272:1715\u20131720","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B"},{"key":"2463_CR76","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Animal social complexity","author":"CP Schaik van","year":"2003","unstructured":"van Schaik CP, Deaner RO (2003) Life history and cognitive evolution in primates. In: de Waal FBM, Tyack PL (eds) Animal social complexity. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp 5\u201325"},{"key":"2463_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1994.1344","volume":"48","author":"ME Verbeek","year":"1994","unstructured":"Verbeek ME, Drent PJ, Wiepkema PR (1994) Consistent individual differences in early exploratory behaviour of male great tits. Anim Behav 48:1113\u20131121","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"2463_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2012.01790.x","volume":"67","author":"A Hardenberg von","year":"2013","unstructured":"von Hardenberg A, Gonzalez-Voyer A (2013) Disentangling evolutionary cause-effect relationships with phylogenetic confirmatory path analysis. Evolution 67:378\u2013387","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2463_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05835","volume":"447","author":"M Wolf","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wolf M, van Doorn GS, Leimar O, Weissing FJ (2007) Life-history trade-offs favour the evolution of animal personalities. Nature 447:581\u2013584","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00265-018-2463-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00265-018-2463-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00265-018-2463-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T01:01:04Z","timestamp":1719882064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00265-018-2463-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["2463"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00265-018-2463-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5443","1432-0762"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5443","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0762","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 May 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2017","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 March 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the current laws in all visited countries. We recorded FID by approaching birds in the field until they flew away. However, this activity is similar to what birds experience when people walk around in urban environments, and there are no known negative effects of such activities on the behavior of birds.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"59"}}