{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:07:18Z","timestamp":1767139638149,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["896475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["896475"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001337","name":"Claude Leon Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Postdoctoral Fellowship 2019-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Postdoctoral Fellowship 2019-20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale De La Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR- 15-CE32-0012-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR- 15-CE32-0012-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale De La Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR 19CE02-0014-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR 19CE02-0014-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["857251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["857251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007241","name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav Ecol Sociobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cooperative behaviour is widespread in animals and is likely to be the result of multiple selective pressures. A contentious hypothesis is that helping enhances the probability of obtaining a sexual partner (i.e., confers direct benefits through sexual selection). Under this hypothesis, cooperative behaviours may have evolved into a signal. Consequently, we would expect individuals to enhance cooperation when a potential mate is present, to signal their status and quality. We evaluated this possibility in the cooperatively breeding sociable weaver (\n                      <jats:italic>Philetairus socius<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). We simulated the presence of different types of individuals using a playback to test whether the simulated presence of an unknown individual, possibly a potential mate, increases provisioning rate in two classes of cooperating birds : breeders and helpers. If the signal is the provisioning rate in itself we expected increased feeding rates of male helpers during the simulated presence of an unknown female. Contrary to our predictions, the simulated presence in the audience of an unknown individual did not influence the nestling provisioning rate of birds of any sex and class. From these results, we conclude that in this species the variation in provisioning rate is unlikely to be used as a signal in a sexual selection context. However, we also highlight the limitations of our methods and suggest improvements that future studies should incorporate when testing audience effects on cooperation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance statement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Animals may cooperate to gain direct benefits, like attracting mates. This happens for example in humans. In species where cooperation leads to direct sexual benefits, when the appropriate audience is present, (i.e., a potential mate), helpers should enhance their cooperation. To determine whether helping to raise others\u2019 young varies according to who is watching, we used playbacks to simulate the presence of unknown individuals of opposite sex (potential mates) while helpers were feeding young. Helping, quantified here as number of times food was brought to the chicks over an hour, was not affected by the simulated audience. We concluded that in sociable weavers variation in provisioning rate is unlikely to be a signal to obtain direct sexual benefits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-024-03548-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T01:38:53Z","timestamp":1736905133000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is provisioning rate of parents and helpers influenced by the simulated presence of novel individuals?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4095-6088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro B.","family":"D\u2019Amelio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nora V.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Tognetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Sent\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Liliana R.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Rybak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Covas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Doutrelant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"3548_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","volume":"67","author":"D Bates","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bates D, M\u00e4chler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2015) Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J Stat Softw 67:1\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"3548_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0124","volume":"365","author":"R Bergm\u00fcller","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bergm\u00fcller R, Sch\u00fcrch R, Hamilton IM (2010) Evolutionary causes and consequences of consistent individual variation in cooperative behaviour. Phil Trans R Soc B 365:2751\u20132764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2010.0124","journal-title":"Phil Trans R Soc B"},{"key":"3548_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ANBEHAV.2004.05.009","volume":"69","author":"R Bergm\u00fcller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bergm\u00fcller R, Taborsky M (2005) Experimental manipulation of helping in a cooperative breeder: helpers \u2018pay to stay\u2019 by pre-emptive appeasement. Anim Behav 69:19\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ANBEHAV.2004.05.009","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"3548_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhogal MS, Farrelly D, Galbraith N (2019) The role of prosocial behaviors in mate choice: A critical review of the literature. Curr Psychol 38:1062\u20131075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-019-00308-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-019-00308-8"},{"key":"3548_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20180030","DOI":"10.1098\/RSBL.2018.0030","volume":"14","author":"RK Br\u00fcgger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Br\u00fcgger RK, Kappeler-Schmalzriedt T, Burkart JM (2018) Reverse audience effects on helping in cooperatively breeding marmoset monkeys. Biol Lett 14:20180030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/RSBL.2018.0030","journal-title":"Biol Lett"},{"key":"3548_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ANBEHAV.2007.12.004","volume":"75","author":"R Bruintjes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bruintjes R, Taborsky M (2008) Helpers in a cooperative breeder pay a high price to stay: effects of demand, helper size and sex. Anim Behav 75:1843\u20131850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ANBEHAV.2007.12.004","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"3548_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04755","volume":"441","author":"R Bshary","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bshary R, Grutter AS (2006) Image scoring and cooperation in a cleaner fish mutualism. Nature 441:975\u2013978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature04755","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3548_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00299665","volume":"18","author":"TR Carlisle","year":"1986","unstructured":"Carlisle TR, Zahavi A (1986) Helping at the nest, allofeeding and social status in immature arabian babblers. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 18:339\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00299665","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"key":"3548_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1126\/science.296.5565.69","volume":"296","author":"TH Clutton-Brock","year":"2002","unstructured":"Clutton-Brock TH (2002) Breeding together: Kin selection and mutualism in cooperative vertebrates. Science 296:69\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.296.5565.69","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3548_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ANBEHAV.2004.10.006","volume":"69","author":"TH Clutton-Brock","year":"2005","unstructured":"Clutton-Brock TH, Russell AF, Sharpe LL, Jordan NR (2005) False feeding\u2019 and aggression in meerkat societies. Anim Behav 69:1273\u20131284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ANBEHAV.2004.10.006","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"3548_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.141","volume":"29","author":"A Cockburn","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cockburn A (1998) Evolution of helping behavior in cooperatively breeding birds. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 29:141\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.141","journal-title":"Annu Rev Ecol Syst"},{"key":"3548_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1163\/1568539042664588","volume":"141","author":"E Collias","year":"2004","unstructured":"Collias E, Collias N (2004) Comparison of vocal signals of three species of African finches. Behaviour 141:1151\u20131171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/1568539042664588","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"3548_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-006-0168-2","volume":"60","author":"R Covas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Covas R, Dalecky A, Caizergues A, Doutrelant C (2006) Kin associations and direct vs indirect fitness benefits in colonial cooperatively breeding sociable weavers Philetairus socius. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 60:323\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00265-006-0168-2","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"key":"3548_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2018.11.006","volume":"34","author":"R Covas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Covas R, Doutrelant C (2019) Testing the sexual and social benefits of cooperation in animals. Trends Ecol Evol 34:112\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tree.2018.11.006","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"3548_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-008-0640-2","volume":"63","author":"R Covas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Covas R, Du Plessis MA, Doutrelant C (2008) Helpers in colonial cooperatively breeding sociable weavers Philetairus socius contribute to buffer the effects of adverse breeding conditions. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 63:103\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00265-008-0640-2","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"key":"3548_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arab152","volume":"33","author":"R Covas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Covas R, Lardy S, Silva LR, Rey B, Ferreira AC, Theron F, Tognetti A, Faivre B, Doutrelant C (2022) The oxidative cost of helping and its minimization in a cooperative breeder. Behav Ecol 33:504\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/beheco\/arab152","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"key":"3548_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1086\/729436","volume":"203","author":"PB D\u2019Amelio","year":"2024","unstructured":"D\u2019Amelio PB, Covas R, Ferreira AC, Fortuna R, Silva LR, Theron F, Rybak F, Doutrelant C (2024) Benefits of pair-bond duration on reproduction in a lifelong monogamous cooperative passerine. Am Nat 203:576\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/729436","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"3548_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5579","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05982-x","volume":"7","author":"PB D\u2019Amelio","year":"2017","unstructured":"D\u2019Amelio PB, Klumb M, Adreani MN, Gahr ML, ter Maat A (2017) Individual recognition of opposite sex vocalizations in the zebra finch. Sci Rep 7:5579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-05982-x","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3548_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-021-01409-z","volume":"5","author":"LR Dougherty","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dougherty LR (2021) Meta-analysis reveals that animal sexual signalling behaviour is honest and resource based. Nat Ecol Evol 5:688\u2013699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41559-021-01409-z","journal-title":"Nat Ecol Evol"},{"key":"3548_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2006.11.033","volume":"74","author":"C Doutrelant","year":"2007","unstructured":"Doutrelant C, Covas R (2007) Helping has signalling characteristics in a cooperatively breeding bird. Anim Behav 74:739\u2013747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anbehav.2006.11.033","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"3548_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-004-0756-y","volume":"56","author":"C Doutrelant","year":"2004","unstructured":"Doutrelant C, Covas R, Caizergues A, du Plessis M (2004) Unexpected sex ratio adjustment in a colonial cooperative bird: pairs with helpers produce more of the helping sex whereas pairs without helpers do not. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 56:149\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00265-004-0756-y","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"key":"3548_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1163\/000579511X608701","volume":"148","author":"C Doutrelant","year":"2011","unstructured":"Doutrelant C, Dalecky A, Covas R (2011) Age and relatedness have an interactive effect on the feeding behaviour of helpers in cooperatively breeding sociable weavers. Behaviour 148:1393\u20131411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/000579511X608701","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"3548_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4026","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06394-9","volume":"9","author":"JE Elie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elie JE, Theunissen FE (2018) Zebra finches identify individuals using vocal signatures unique to each call type. Nat Commun 9:4026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-06394-9","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3548_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1420-9101.2010.02025.X","volume":"23","author":"S English","year":"2010","unstructured":"English S, Nakagawa S, Clutton-Brock TH (2010) Consistent individual differences in cooperative behaviour in meerkats (Suricata suricatta). J Evol Biol 23:1597\u20131604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1420-9101.2010.02025.X","journal-title":"J Evol Biol"},{"key":"3548_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13438","volume":"90","author":"R Fortuna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fortuna R, Paquet M, Ferreira AC, Silva LR, Theron F, Doutrelant C, Covas R (2021) Maternal allocation in relation to weather, predation and social factors in a colonial cooperative bird. J Anim Ecol 90:1122\u20131133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1365-2656.13438","journal-title":"J Anim Ecol"},{"key":"3548_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1086\/283348","volume":"112","author":"AJ Gaston","year":"1978","unstructured":"Gaston AJ (1978) The evolution of group territorial behavior and cooperative breeding. Am Nat 112:1091\u20131100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/283348","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"3548_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.2001.2406","volume":"213","author":"H Gintis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gintis H, Smith EA, Bowles S (2001) Costly signaling and cooperation. J Theor Biol 213:103\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jtbi.2001.2406","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"3548_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(64)90039-6","volume":"7","author":"WD Hamilton","year":"1964","unstructured":"Hamilton WD (1964) The genetical evolution of social behaviour. II. J Theor Biol 7:17\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-5193(64)90039-6","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"3548_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1995.tb01439.x","volume":"70","author":"RA Johnstone","year":"1995","unstructured":"Johnstone RA (1995) Sexual selecion, honest advertisement and the handicap principle: reviewing the evidence. Biol Rev 70:1\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1995.tb01439.x","journal-title":"Biol Rev"},{"key":"3548_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ANBEHAV.2015.05.005","volume":"106","author":"A Jungwirth","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jungwirth A, Walker J, Taborsky M (2015) Prospecting precedes dispersal and increases survival chances in cooperatively breeding cichlids. Anim Behav 106:107\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ANBEHAV.2015.05.005","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"3548_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28894","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2013596117","volume":"117","author":"T Kay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kay T, Keller L, Lehmann L (2020) The evolution of altruism and the serial rediscovery of the role of relatedness. P Natl Acad Sci USA 117:28894\u201328898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2013596117","journal-title":"P Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"3548_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TREE.2014.05.013","volume":"29","author":"SA Kingma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kingma SA, Santema P, Taborsky M, Komdeur J (2014) Group augmentation and the evolution of cooperation. Trends Ecol Evol 29:476\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.TREE.2014.05.013","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"3548_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2016.06.002","volume":"119","author":"WD Koenig","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koenig WD, Walters EL (2016) Provisioning patterns in the cooperatively breeding acorn woodpecker: does feeding behaviour serve as a signal? Anim Behav 119:125\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anbehav.2016.06.002","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"3548_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1349","volume":"268","author":"H Kokko","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kokko H, Johnstone RA, Clutton-Brock TH (2001) The evolution of cooperative breeding through group augmentation. Proc R Soc Lond B 268:187\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2000.1349","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B"},{"key":"3548_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1093\/BEHECO\/13.3.291","volume":"13","author":"H Kokko","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kokko H, Johnstone RA, Wright J (2002) The evolution of parental and alloparental effort in cooperatively breeding groups: when should helpers pay to stay? Behav Ecol 13:291\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/BEHECO\/13.3.291","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"key":"3548_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e877","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.877","volume":"3","author":"\u00c1Z Lendvai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lendvai \u00c1Z, Ak\u00e7ay \u00c7, Weiss T, Haussmann MF, Moore IT, Bonier F (2015) Low cost audiovisual playback and recording triggered by radio frequency identification using raspberry pi. PeerJ 3:e877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.877","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"3548_CR37","unstructured":"Lenth RV (2024) emmeans: estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means. R package version 1.10.3. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=emmeans"},{"key":"3548_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00398.x","volume":"57","author":"ADC MacColl","year":"2003","unstructured":"MacColl ADC, Hatchwell BJ (2003) Heritability of parental effort in a passerine bird. Evolution 57:2191\u20132195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00398.x","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"3548_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/00306525.1973.9639159","volume":"44","author":"GL Maclean","year":"1973","unstructured":"Maclean GL (1973a) The sociable weaver, part 2: nest architecture and social organization. Ostrich 44:191\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00306525.1973.9639159","journal-title":"Ostrich"},{"key":"3548_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/00306525.1973.9639160","volume":"44","author":"GL Maclean","year":"1973","unstructured":"Maclean GL (1973b) The sociable weaver, part 3: breeding biology and moult. Ostrich 44:219\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00306525.1973.9639160","journal-title":"Ostrich"},{"key":"3548_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(86)90023-0","volume":"34","author":"P Marler","year":"1986","unstructured":"Marler P, Dufty A, Pickert R (1986) Vocal communication in the domestic chicken: II. Is a sender sensitive to the presence and nature of a receiver? Anim Behav 34:194\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-3472(86)90023-0","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"3548_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arn062","volume":"19","author":"PG McDonald","year":"2008","unstructured":"McDonald PG, Kazem AJN, Clarke MF, Wright J (2008a) Helping as a signal: does removal of potential audiences alter helper behavior in the bell miner? Behav Ecol 19:1047\u20131055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/beheco\/arn062","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"key":"3548_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2007.09.005","volume":"75","author":"PG McDonald","year":"2008","unstructured":"McDonald PG, te Marvelde L, Kazem AJN, Wright J (2008b) Helping as a signal and the effect of a potential audience during provisioning visits in a cooperative bird. Anim Behav 75:1319\u20131330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anbehav.2007.09.005","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"3548_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2008.10.009","volume":"77","author":"PG McDonald","year":"2009","unstructured":"McDonald PG, Kazem AJN, Wright J (2009) Cooperative provisioning dynamics: fathers and unrelated helpers show similar responses to manipulations of begging. Anim Behav 77:369\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anbehav.2008.10.009","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"3548_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3403","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.0307","volume":"278","author":"PG McDonald","year":"2011","unstructured":"McDonald PG, Wright J (2011) Bell miner provisioning calls are more similar among relatives and are used by helpers at the nest to bias their effort towards kin. Proc R Soc Lond B 278:3403\u20133411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2011.0307","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B"},{"key":"3548_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511610363","volume-title":"Animal communication networks","author":"PK McGregor","year":"2005","unstructured":"McGregor PK (2005) Animal communication networks. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"3548_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/415424a","volume":"415","author":"M Milinski","year":"2002","unstructured":"Milinski M, Semmann D, Krambeck HJ (2002) Reputation helps solve the tragedy of the commons. Nature 415:424\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/415424a","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3548_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2013.05.015","volume":"86","author":"FY Nomano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nomano FY, Browning LE, Rollins LA, Nakagawa S, Griffith SC, Russell AF (2013) Feeding nestlings does not function as a signal of social prestige incooperatively breeding chestnut-crowned babblers. Anim Behav 86:277\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anbehav.2013.05.015","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"3548_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04131","volume":"437","author":"MA Nowak","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nowak MA, Sigmund K (2005) Evolution of indirect reciprocity. Nature 437:1291\u20131298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature04131","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3548_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.05.021","volume":"21","author":"A Pinto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pinto A, Oates J, Grutter A, Bshary R (2011) Cleaner wrasses labroides dimidiatus are more cooperative in the presence of an audience. Curr Biol 21:1140\u20131144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2011.05.021","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"3548_CR51","unstructured":"R Core Team (2024) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, http:\/\/www.R-project.org"},{"key":"3548_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.02.042","volume":"25","author":"NJ Raihani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raihani NJ, Smith S (2015) Competitive helping in online giving. Curr Biol 25:1183\u20131186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2015.02.042","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"3548_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1998.0312","volume":"265","author":"G Roberts","year":"1998","unstructured":"Roberts G (1998) Competitive altruism: from reciprocity to the handicap principle. Proc R Soc Lond B 265:427\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.1998.0312","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B"},{"key":"3548_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3333","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0636503100","volume":"100","author":"AF Russell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Russell AF, Sharpe LL, Brotherton PNM, Clutton-Brock TH (2003) Cost minimization by helpers in cooperative vertebrates. P Natl Acad Sci USA 100:3333\u20133338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0636503100","journal-title":"P Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"3548_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210x.2010.00012.x","volume":"1","author":"H Schielzeth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schielzeth H (2010) Simple means to improve the interpretability of regression coefficients. Methods Ecol Evol 1:103\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2041-210x.2010.00012.x","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"key":"3548_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20181508","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.1508","volume":"285","author":"A Schlaepfer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schlaepfer A (2018) The emergence and selection of reputation systems that drive cooperative behaviour. Proc R Soc B 285:20181508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2018.1508","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B"},{"key":"3548_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/ETH.12499","volume":"122","author":"MK Schweinfurth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schweinfurth MK, Taborsky M (2016) No evidence for audience effects in reciprocal cooperation of Norway rats. Ethology 122:513\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ETH.12499","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"key":"3548_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03522","volume":"434","author":"SP Sharp","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sharp SP, McGowan A, Wood MJ, Hatchwell BJ (2005) Learned kin recognition cues in a social bird. Nature 434:1127\u20131130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature03522","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3548_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1439-0310.1980.TB01044.X","volume":"53","author":"R Sossinka","year":"1980","unstructured":"Sossinka R, B\u00f6hner J (1980) Song types in the zebra finch Poephila Guttata Castanotis. Z Tierpsychol 53:123\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1439-0310.1980.TB01044.X","journal-title":"Z Tierpsychol"},{"key":"3548_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150084","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0084","volume":"371","author":"M Taborsky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Taborsky M, Frommen JG, Riehl C (2016) Correlated pay-offs are key to cooperation. Phil Trans R Soc B 371:20150084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2015.0084","journal-title":"Phil Trans R Soc B"},{"key":"3548_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-9994-2-10","volume":"2","author":"AMR Terry","year":"2005","unstructured":"Terry AMR, Peake TM, McGregor PK (2005) The role of vocal individuality in conservation. Front Zool 2:10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1742-9994-2-10","journal-title":"Front Zool"},{"key":"3548_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e44403","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0044403","volume":"7","author":"A Tognetti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tognetti A, Berticat C, Raymond M, Faurie C (2012) Sexual selection of human cooperative behaviour: an experimental study in rural Senegal. PLoS ONE 7:e44403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0044403","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3548_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2020.12.011","volume":"172","author":"E Trapote","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trapote E, Canestrari D, Baglione V (2021) Female helpers signal their contribution to chick provisioning in a cooperatively breeding bird. Anim Behav 172:113\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anbehav.2020.12.011","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"3548_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12320","volume":"17","author":"RE van Dijk","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Dijk RE, Kaden JC, Arg\u00fcelles-Tic\u00f3 A, Dawson DA, Burke T, Hatchwell BJ (2014) Cooperative investment in public goods is kin directed in communal nests of social birds. Ecol Lett 17:1141\u20131148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ele.12320","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"3548_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/J.2044-8295.2011.02093.X","volume":"104","author":"M Van Vugt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van Vugt M, Iredale W (2013) Men behaving nicely: public goods as peacock tails. Brit J Psychol 104:3\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.2044-8295.2011.02093.X","journal-title":"Brit J Psychol"},{"key":"3548_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40657-015-0033-y","volume":"6","author":"IA Volodin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Volodin IA, Volodina EV, Klenova AV, Matrosova VA (2015) Gender identification using acoustic analysis in birds without external sexual dimorphism. Avian Res 6:1\u201317","journal-title":"Avian Res"},{"key":"3548_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-020-01384-x","volume":"54 5","author":"SA West","year":"2021","unstructured":"West SA, Cooper GA, Ghoul MB, Griffin AS (2021) Ten recent insights for our understanding of cooperation. Nat Ecol Evol 2021 54 5:419\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41559-020-01384-x","journal-title":"Nat Ecol Evol 2021"},{"key":"3548_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.06.004","volume":"17","author":"SA West","year":"2007","unstructured":"West SA, Griffin AS, Gardner A (2007) Evolutionary explanations for cooperation. Curr Biol 17:R661\u2013R672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2007.06.004","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"3548_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.2307\/3677250","volume":"30","author":"J Wright","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wright J (1999) Altruism as a signal: Zahavi\u2019s alternative to kin selection and reciprocity. J Avian Biol 30:108\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/3677250","journal-title":"J Avian Biol"},{"key":"3548_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2007.01.017","volume":"76","author":"J Wright","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wright J (2007) Cooperation theory meets cooperative breeding: exposing some ugly truths about social prestige, reciprocity and group augmentation. Behav Process 76:142\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beproc.2007.01.017","journal-title":"Behav Process"},{"key":"3548_CR71","first-page":"272","volume-title":"Cooperative breeding in vertebrates: studies of ecology, evolution, and behavior","author":"J Wright","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wright J, McDonald PG (2016) Bell miners: Kin-selected helping decisions. In: Koenig WD, Dickinson JL (eds) Cooperative breeding in vertebrates: studies of ecology, evolution, and behavior. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 272\u2013293"},{"key":"3548_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/3677205","volume":"26","author":"A Zahavi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zahavi A (1995) Altruism as a handicap: the limitations of kin selection and reciprocity. J Avian Biol 26:1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/3677205","journal-title":"J Avian Biol"},{"key":"3548_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2344","volume":"4","author":"M Z\u00f6ttl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Z\u00f6ttl M, Heg D, Chervet N, Taborsky M (2013) Kinship reduces alloparental care in cooperative cichlids where helpers pay-to-stay. Nat Commun 4:1341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms2344","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3548_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.12.041","volume":"18","author":"K Zuberb\u00fchler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zuberb\u00fchler K (2008) Audience effects. Curr Biol 18:R189\u2013R190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2007.12.041","journal-title":"Curr Biol"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-025-03572-w","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000}}],"container-title":["Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00265-024-03548-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00265-024-03548-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00265-024-03548-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T03:54:31Z","timestamp":1740196471000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00265-024-03548-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["3548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00265-024-03548-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5443","1432-0762"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5443","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0762","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 November 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 December 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2025","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00265-025-03572-w","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00265-025-03572-w","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All applicable international, national, and\/or institutional guidelines for the use of animals were followed. The long-term breeding monitoring of sociable weavers at Benfontein and the yearly captures, ringing and blood sampling of individual birds were conducted under permission from the Northern Cape Department of Environment and Nature Conservation and from the Ethics Committee of the University of Cape Town, including blood sampling permission from the South African Veterinary council to RC (latest used permit number: FAUNA 0684\/2019). All handling is done by certified ringers using standard techniques widely used by the ornithological community and always trying to minimize handling times. The procedures for the playback experiment iself caused minimal disturbance due to the arrival of the experimenters and placing of the cameras at the colony, which we made correspond to the usual departure for feeding which happens some minutes after sunrise (PBDA et al. pers. obs.); after this the experimenters were located hidden in tents in the vicinity of the colony to which birds are habituated, these procedures have been approved by the same cited committees (permit number: 2014\/V1\/RC and amendment 2020\/2018\/V22\/RC\/A1).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest in the production of this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}],"article-number":"14"}}