{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T03:18:45Z","timestamp":1774408725164,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environmental Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-019-01191-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T08:02:46Z","timestamp":1564646566000},"page":"329-343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Accounting for Connectivity Uncertainties in Predicting Roadkills: a Comparative Approach between Path Selection Functions and Habitat Suitability Models"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0330-3897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Valerio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. M\u00e1rcia","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Mira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1191_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aiello-Lammens ME, Boria RA, Radosavljevic A, et al. (2015) spThin: an R package for spatial thinning of species occurrence records for use in ecological niche models. Ecography. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ecog.01132","DOI":"10.1111\/ecog.01132"},{"key":"1191_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0008-3658.2005.00099.x","volume":"49","author":"SM Alexander","year":"2005","unstructured":"Alexander SM, Waters NM, Paquet PC (2005) Traffic volume and highway permeability for a mammalian community in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Can Geogr 49:321\u2013331. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0008-3658.2005.00099.x","journal-title":"Can Geogr"},{"key":"1191_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2015.00155","volume":"3","author":"AM Allen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Allen AM, Singh NJ (2016) Linking movement ecology with wildlife management and conservation. Front Ecol Evol 3:155. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fevo.2015.00155","journal-title":"Front Ecol Evol"},{"key":"1191_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2011.00172.x","volume":"3","author":"M Barbet-Massin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barbet-Massin M, Jiguet F, Albert CH, Thuiller W (2012) Selecting pseudo-absences for species distribution models: how, where and how many?. Methods Ecol Evol 3:327\u2013338. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2041-210x.2011.00172.x","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"key":"1191_CR5","unstructured":"Barbosa AM, Brown JA, Jimenez-Valverde A, Real R (2016) modEvA: model evaluation and analysis. R package version 1.3.2. \n                    https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=modEvA"},{"key":"1191_CR6","unstructured":"Barton K (2016) MuMIn: multi-model inference. R package version 1.15.6. \n                    https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=MuMIn"},{"key":"1191_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.2307\/3808935","volume":"59","author":"P Beier","year":"1995","unstructured":"Beier P (1995) Dispersal of juvenile cougars in fragmented habitat. J Wildl Manag 59:228\u2013237. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/3808935","journal-title":"J Wildl Manag"},{"key":"1191_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2010.02.009","volume":"143","author":"A Ben\u00edtez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ben\u00edtez-L\u00f3pez A, Alkemade R, Verweij PA (2010) The impacts of roads and other infrastructure on mammal and bird populations: a meta-analysis. Biol Conserv 143:1307\u20131316. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocon.2010.02.009","journal-title":"Biol Conserv"},{"key":"1191_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1111\/ecog.02801","volume":"40","author":"R Bischof","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bischof R, Steyaert SMJG, Kindberg J (2017) Caught in the mesh: roads and their network-scale impediment to animal movement. Ecography 40:1369\u20131380. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ecog.02801","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"key":"1191_CR10","unstructured":"Bissonette JA, Cramer P (2008) Evaluation of the use and effectiveness of wildlife crossings. NCHRP Report No. 615, National Cooperative Research Program, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., p 161"},{"key":"1191_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-016-0407-5","volume":"31","author":"S Blazquez-Cabrera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Blazquez-Cabrera S, Gast\u00f3n A, Beier P et al. (2016) Influence of separating home range and dispersal movements on characterizing corridors and effective distances. Landsc Ecol 31:2355\u20132366. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-016-0407-5","journal-title":"Landsc Ecol"},{"key":"1191_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bowman J, Jaeger JAG, Fahrig L (2002) Dispersal distance of mammals is proportional to home range size JSTOR. 83:2049\u20132055. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smj.192","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.192"},{"key":"1191_CR13","volume-title":"Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach.","author":"KP Burnham","year":"2002","unstructured":"Burnham KP, Anderson DR (2002) Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. Springer, New York"},{"key":"1191_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carvalho F, Carvalho R, Mira A, Beja P (2014) Use of tree hollows by a Mediterranean forest carnivore. For Ecol Manag 315:54\u201362. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2013.12.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2013.12.013"},{"key":"1191_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-015-0326-x","volume":"31","author":"F Carvalho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carvalho F, Carvalho R, Mira A, Beja P (2016) Assessing landscape functional connectivity in a forest carnivore using path selection functions. Landsc Ecol 31:1021\u20131036. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-015-0326-x","journal-title":"Landsc Ecol"},{"key":"1191_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2018.06.007","volume":"178","author":"F Carvalho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carvalho F, Louren\u00e7o A, Carvalho R et al. (2018) The effects of a motorway on movement behaviour and gene flow in a forest carnivore: Joint evidence from road mortality, radio tracking and genetics. Landsc Urban Plan 178:217\u2013227. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landurbplan.796","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"key":"1191_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2018.01.021","volume":"375","author":"A Ceia-Hasse","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ceia-Hasse A, Navarro LM, Borda-de-\u00c1gua L, Pereira HM (2018) Population persistence in landscapes fragmented by roads: disentangling isolation, mortality, and the effect of dispersal. Ecol Model 375:45\u201353. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2018.01.021","journal-title":"Ecol Model"},{"key":"1191_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s13364-015-0226-0","volume":"60","author":"J \u010cervinka","year":"2015","unstructured":"\u010cervinka J, Riegert J, Grill S, \u0160\u00e1lek M (2015) Large-scale evaluation of carnivore road mortality: the effect of landscape and local scale characteristics. Mamm Res 60:233\u2013243. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13364-015-0226-0","journal-title":"Mamm Res"},{"key":"1191_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2006.11.006","volume":"15","author":"AW Coffin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Coffin AW (2007) From roadkill to road ecology: a review of the ecological effects of roads. J Transp Geogr 15:396\u2013406. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2006.11.006","journal-title":"J Transp Geogr"},{"key":"1191_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/0309133315598713","volume":"40","author":"CA Correa Ayram","year":"2016","unstructured":"Correa Ayram CA, Mendoza ME, Etter A, Salicrup DRP (2016) Habitat connectivity in biodiversity conservation. Prog Phys Geogr 40:7\u201337. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0309133315598713","journal-title":"Prog Phys Geogr"},{"key":"1191_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.12699","volume":"24","author":"AJ Cosgrove","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cosgrove AJ, McWhorter TJ, Maron M (2018) Consequences of impediments to animal movements at different scales: a conceptual framework and review. Divers Distrib 24:448\u2013459. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ddi.12699","journal-title":"Divers Distrib"},{"key":"1191_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2018.10.108","volume":"231","author":"J Craveiro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Craveiro J, Bernardino J, Mira A, Vaz PG (2019) Impact of culvert flooding on carnivore crossings. J Environ Manag 231:878\u2013885. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2018.10.108","journal-title":"J Environ Manag"},{"key":"1191_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.3390\/d6040844","volume":"6","author":"SA Cushman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cushman SA, Lewis JS, Landguth EL (2014) Why did the bear cross the road? Comparing the performance of multiple resistance surfaces and connectivity modeling methods. Diversity 6:844\u2013854. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/d6040844","journal-title":"Diversity"},{"key":"1191_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2015.06.010","volume":"191","author":"M D\u2019Amico","year":"2015","unstructured":"D\u2019Amico M, Rom\u00e1n J, de los Reyes L, Revilla E (2015) Vertebrate road-kill patterns in Mediterranean habitats: who, when and where. Biol Conserv 191:234\u2013242. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocon.2015.06.010","journal-title":"Biol Conserv"},{"key":"1191_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2010.01670.x","volume":"79","author":"T Duchesne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duchesne T, Fortin D, Courbin N (2010) Mixed conditional logistic regression for habitat selection studies. J Anim Ecol 79:548\u2013555. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2010.01670.x","journal-title":"J Anim Ecol"},{"key":"1191_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12282","volume":"51","author":"NB Elliot","year":"2014","unstructured":"Elliot NB, Cushman SA, Macdonald DW, Loveridge AJ (2014) The devil is in the dispersers: predictions of landscape connectivity change with demography. J Appl Ecol 51:1169\u20131178. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1365-2664.12282","journal-title":"J Appl Ecol"},{"key":"1191_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arv215","volume":"27","author":"K Fey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fey K, H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen S, Selonen V (2016) Roads are no barrier for dispersing red squirrels in an urban environment. Behav Ecol 27:741\u2013747. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/beheco\/arv215","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"key":"1191_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1017\/S0376892997000088","volume":"24","author":"AH Fielding","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fielding AH, Bell JF (1997) A review of methods for the assessment of prediction errors in conservation presence \/ absence models. Environ Conserv 24:38\u201349. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0376892997000088","journal-title":"Environ Conserv"},{"key":"1191_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s11284-008-0538-5","volume":"24","author":"A Galantinho","year":"2009","unstructured":"Galantinho A, Mira A (2009) The influence of human, livestock, and ecological features on the occurrence of genet (Genetta genetta): a case study on Mediterranean farmland. Ecol Res 24:671\u2013685. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11284-008-0538-5","journal-title":"Ecol Res"},{"key":"1191_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-010-0478-6","volume":"57","author":"C Grilo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grilo C, Ascens\u00e3o F, Santos-Reis M, Bissonette JA (2011) Do well-connected landscapes promote road-related mortality? Eur J Wildl Res 57:707\u2013716. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10344-010-0478-6","journal-title":"Eur J Wildl Res"},{"key":"1191_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Grilo C, Smith DJ, Klar N (2015) Carnivores: struggling for survival in roaded landscapes. In: Handbook of road ecology. Wiley-Blackwell, pp 300\u2013312. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118568170.ch35","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118568170.ch35"},{"issue":"59","key":"1191_CR32","first-page":"71","volume":"2","author":"F Grilo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grilo F, Ferreira E, Alcobia S et al. (2016) Do fine-scale factors shape the use of riparian galleries by carnivores in a Mediterranean agro-forested environment? Int J Environ Agric Res 2(59):71","journal-title":"Int J Environ Agric Res"},{"key":"1191_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12189","volume":"16","author":"A Guisan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guisan A, Tingley R, Baumgartner JB et al (2013) Predicting species distributions for conservation decisions Ecol Lett 16:1424\u20131435. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ele.12189","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"1191_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(00)00354-9","volume":"135","author":"A Guisan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Guisan A, Zimmermann NE (2000) Predictive habitat distribution models in ecology. Ecol Model 135:147\u2013186. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0304-3800(00)00354-9","journal-title":"Ecol Model"},{"key":"1191_CR35","unstructured":"Guiomar N, Batista T, Fernandes JP, Souto Cruz C (2009) Corine Land Cover n\u00edvel 5-Contribui\u00e7\u00e3o para a Carta de uso do solo em Portugal Continental. \n                    http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10174\/4793"},{"key":"1191_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2010.11.027","volume":"92","author":"KE Gunson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gunson KE, Mountrakis G, Quackenbush LJ (2011) Spatial wildlife-vehicle collision models: a review of current work and its application to transportation mitigation projects. J Environ Manag 92:1074\u20131082. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2010.11.027","journal-title":"J Environ Manag"},{"key":"1191_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-0717-4_9","volume-title":"Mosaic landscapes and ecological processes","author":"I Hanski","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hanski I (1995) Effects of landscape pattern on competitive interactions. In: Hansson L, Fahrig L, Merriam G (eds) Mosaic landscapes and ecological processes. Chapman & Hall, London, pp 203\u2013224"},{"key":"1191_CR38","unstructured":"Hijmans RJ, (2016) raster: Geographic Data Analysis and Modeling R package version 2:5\u20138. \n                    https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/879package=raster"},{"key":"1191_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s40823-016-0015-8","volume":"1","author":"JD Holland","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holland JD, Yang S (2016) Multi-scale studies and the ecological neighborhood. Curr Landsc Ecol Rep 1:135\u2013145. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40823-016-0015-8","journal-title":"Curr Landsc Ecol Rep"},{"key":"1191_CR40","unstructured":"IPMA (Instituo Portugu\u00eas do Mar e da Atmosfera) (2016) Normais climatol\u00f3gicas (1971\u20132000). \n                    http:\/\/www.ipma.pt\n                    \n                  . Accessed 10 Dec 2016"},{"key":"1191_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-0717-4_4","volume-title":"Mosaic landscapes and ecological processes","author":"RA Ims","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ims RA (1995) Movement patterns related to spatial structures. In: Mosaic landscapes and ecological processes. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 85\u2013109"},{"key":"1191_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.1345","volume":"7","author":"SL Jacobson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jacobson SL, Bliss-Ketchum LL, De Rivera CE, Smith WP (2016) A behavior-based framework for assessing barrier effects to wildlife from vehicle traffic volume. Ecosphere 7:1\u201315. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ecs2.1345","journal-title":"Ecosphere"},{"key":"1191_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jaeger JAG (2015) Improving environmental impact assessment and road planning at the landscape scale. In: Handbook of road ecology. Wiley-Blackwell, pp 32\u201342. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118568170.ch5","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118568170.ch5"},{"key":"1191_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kari G, Zimmermann TF (2015) Road\u2013wildlife mitigation planning can be improved by identifying the patterns and processes associated with wildlife\u2010vehicle collisions. In: Handbook of road ecology. Wiley-Blackwell, pp 101\u2013109. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118568170.ch13","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118568170.ch13"},{"key":"1191_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-016-0387-5","volume":"31","author":"ATH Keeley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Keeley ATH, Beier P, Gagnon JW (2016) Estimating landscape resistance from habitat suitability: effects of data source and nonlinearities. Landsc Ecol 31:2151\u20132162. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-016-0387-5","journal-title":"Landsc Ecol"},{"key":"1191_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.12672","volume":"24","author":"R Khosravi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khosravi R, Hemami MR, Cushman SA (2018) Multispecies assessment of core areas and connectivity of desert carnivores in central Iran. Divers Distrib 24:193\u2013207. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ddi.12672","journal-title":"Divers Distrib"},{"key":"1191_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.12096","volume":"19","author":"S Kramer-Schadt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kramer-Schadt S, Niedballa J, Pilgrim JD et al. (2013) The importance of correcting for sampling bias in MaxEnt species distribution models. Divers Distrib 19:1366\u20131379. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ddi.12096","journal-title":"Divers Distrib"},{"key":"1191_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Larivi\u00e8re S, Calzada J (2001). Genetta genetta. Mammalian Species. 680:1\u20136. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/0.680.1","DOI":"10.2307\/0.680.1"},{"key":"1191_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-016-0347-0","volume":"31","author":"ML McClure","year":"2016","unstructured":"McClure ML, Hansen AJ, Inman RM (2016) Connecting models to movements: testing connectivity model predictions against empirical migration and dispersal data. Landsc Ecol 31:1419\u20131432. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-016-0347-0","journal-title":"Landsc Ecol"},{"key":"1191_CR50","unstructured":"McGarigal K, Cushman SA, Ene E (2012) FRAGSTATSv4: spatial pattern analysis program for categorical and continuous maps. Computer Software Programs Products by authors Univ. Massachusetts, Amherst. \n                    http:\/\/www.umass.edu\/landeco\/research\/fragstats\/fragstats.html"},{"key":"1191_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-016-0374-x","volume":"31","author":"K McGarigal","year":"2016","unstructured":"McGarigal K, Wan HY, Zeller KA et al. (2016) Multi-scale habitat selection modeling: a review and outlook. Landsc Ecol 31:1161\u20131175. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-016-0374-x","journal-title":"Landsc Ecol"},{"key":"1191_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2011.10.011","volume":"145","author":"W Neumann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Neumann W, Ericsson G, Dettki H et al. (2012) Difference in spatiotemporal patterns of wildlife road-crossings and wildlife-vehicle collisions. Biol Conserv 145:70\u201378. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocon.2011.10.011","journal-title":"Biol Conserv"},{"key":"1191_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1111\/oik.02224","volume":"124","author":"A Oriol-Cotterill","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oriol-Cotterill A, Valeix M, Frank LG et al. (2015) Landscapes of coexistence for terrestrial carnivores: the ecological consequences of being downgraded from ultimate to penultimate predator by humans. Oikos 124:1263\u20131273. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/oik.02224","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"issue":"8","key":"1191_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022355","volume":"6","author":"G Pe\u2019er","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pe\u2019er G, Henle K, Dislich C, Frank K (2011) Breaking functional connectivity into components: a novel approach using an individual-based model, and first outcomes. PLoS ONE 6(8):e22355. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0022355","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1191_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-010-9526-6","volume":"25","author":"MG Pullinger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pullinger MG, Johnson CJ (2010) Maintaining or restoring connectivity of modified landscapes: evaluating the least-cost path model with multiple sources of ecological information. Landsc Ecol 25:1547\u20131560. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-010-9526-6","journal-title":"Landsc Ecol"},{"key":"1191_CR56","unstructured":"Quantum GIS Development Team (2015) Quantum GIS Development Team Quantum GIS geographic information system v2.6. Open source geospatial foundation project. \n                    http:\/\/qgis.osgeo.org"},{"key":"1191_CR57","unstructured":"R Development Core Team (2016). R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. \n                    https:\/\/www.R-project.org"},{"key":"1191_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-77","volume":"12","author":"X Robin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Robin X, Turck N, Hainard A, Tiberti N et al. (2011) pROC: an open-source package for R and S+to analyze and compare ROC curves. BMC Bioinform 12:77. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-12-77","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform"},{"key":"1191_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-012-9769-5","volume":"27","author":"E Roger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roger E, Bino G, Ramp D (2012) Linking habitat suitability and road mortalities across geographic ranges. Landsc Ecol 27:1167\u20131181. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-012-9769-5","journal-title":"Landsc Ecol"},{"key":"1191_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2006.02907.x","volume":"15","author":"SPD Riley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Riley SPD, Pollinger JP, Sauvajot RM et al. (2006) A southern California freeway is a physical and social barrier to gene flow in carnivores. Mol Ecol 15:1733\u20131741. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-294x.2006.02907.x","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"1191_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-017-0603-y","volume":"33","author":"PA Salgueiro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Salgueiro PA, Mira A, Raba\u00e7a JE et al. (2018) Thinking outside the patch: a multi-species comparison of conceptual models from real-world landscapes. Landsc Ecol 33:353\u2013370. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-017-0603-y","journal-title":"Landsc Ecol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1191_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164794","volume":"11","author":"L Santini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Santini L, Saura S, Rondinini C (2016) A composite network approach for assessing multi-species connectivity: an application to road defragmentation prioritisation PLoS ONE 11(10):e0164794. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0164794","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1191_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-22691-5_7","volume-title":"Martens and Fishers (Martes) in Human-altered environments: an international perspective.","author":"M Santos-Reis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Santos-Reis M, Santos MJ, Louren\u00e7o S et al. (2005) Relationships between stone martens, genets and Cork Oak Woodlands in Portugal. In: Harrison DJ, Fuller AK, Proulx G (eds) Martens and Fishers (Martes) in Human-altered environments: an international perspective. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 147\u2013172"},{"issue":"9","key":"1191_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025383","volume":"6","author":"SM Santos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Santos SM, Carvalho F, Mira A (2011) How long do the dead survive on the road? Carcass persistence probability and implications for road-kill monitoring surveys. PLoS ONE 6(9):e25383. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0025383","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"1191_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079967","volume":"8","author":"SM Santos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Santos SM, Louren\u00e7o R, Mira A, Beja P (2013) Relative effects of road risk, habitat suitability, and connectivity on wildlife roadkills: The case of tawny owls (Strix aluco). PLoS ONE 8(11):e79967. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0079967","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1191_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2015.07.037","volume":"162","author":"SM Santos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Santos SM, Marques JT, Louren\u00e7o A et al. (2015) Sampling effects on the identification of roadkill hotspots: Implications for survey design. J Environ Manag 162:87\u201395. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2015.07.037","journal-title":"J Environ Manag"},{"key":"1191_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.107","volume":"642","author":"RAL Santos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Santos RAL, Mota-Ferreira M, Aguiar LMS, Ascens\u00e3o F (2018) Predicting wildlife road-crossing probability from roadkill data using occupancy-detection models. Sci Total Environ 642:629\u2013637. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.107","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"1191_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20131705","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.1705","volume":"281","author":"MA Sawaya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sawaya MA, Kalinowski ST, Clevenger AP (2014) Genetic connectivity for two bear species at wildlife crossing structures in Banff National Park. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 281:20131705\u201320131705. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2013.1705","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"1191_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Smith DJ, van der Ree R, Carme R (2015) Wildlife crossing structures. In: Handbook of road ecology. Wiley-Blackwell, pp 172\u2013183. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118568170.ch21","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118568170.ch21"},{"issue":"4857","key":"1191_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3287615","volume":"240","author":"JA Swets","year":"1988","unstructured":"Swets JA (1988) Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems. Science 240(4857):1285\u20131293. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.3287615","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1191_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Taylor PD, Fahrig L, Henein K, Merriam G (1993). Connectivity is a vital element of landscape structure. Oikos 571\u2013573. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/3544927","DOI":"10.2307\/3544927"},{"key":"1191_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-013-9861-5","volume":"28","author":"AM Trainor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Trainor AM, Walters JR, Morris WF et al. (2013) Empirical estimation of dispersal resistance surfaces: a case study with red-cockaded woodpeckers. Landsc Ecol 28:755\u2013767. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-013-9861-5","journal-title":"Landsc Ecol"},{"key":"1191_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2016.04.023","volume":"199","author":"AIT Tulloch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tulloch AIT, Sutcliffe P, Naujokaitis-Lewis I et al. (2016) Conservation planners tend to ignore improved accuracy of modelled species distributions to focus on multiple threats and ecological processes. Biol Conserv 199:157\u2013171. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocon.2016.04.023","journal-title":"Biol Conserv"},{"key":"1191_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van der Grift EA, van der Ree R (2015) Guidelines for evaluating use of wildlife crossing structures. In: Handbook of road ecology. Wiley-Blackwell, pp 119\u2013128. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118568170.ch15","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118568170.ch15"},{"key":"1191_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van Der Ree R, Jaeger JAG, Van Der Grift EA et al. (2011) Effects of roads and traffic on wildlife populations and landscape function road ecology is moving toward larger scales guest editorial, part of a special feature on effects of roads and traffic on wildlife populations and landscape function effects of Ro. Source Ecol Soc 1619588. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/26268822","DOI":"10.2307\/26268822"},{"key":"1191_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Ree R, Smit DJ, Grilo C (2015) The ecological effects of linear infrastructure and traffic. In: Handbook of road ecology. Wiley-Blackwell, pp 1\u20139","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118568170.ch1"},{"issue":"6","key":"1191_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-015-0307-0","volume":"31","author":"M Vergara","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vergara M, Cushman SA, Urra F, Ruiz- Gonz\u00e1lez A (2015) Shaken but not stirred: multiscale habitat suitability modeling of sympatric marten species (Martes martes and Martes foina) in the northern Iberian Peninsula. Landsc Ecol 31(6):1241\u20131260. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-015-0307-0","journal-title":"Landsc Ecol"},{"key":"1191_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wade AA, Mckelvey KS, Schwartz MK (2015) Resistance-surface-based wildlife conservation connectivity modeling: summary of efforts in the United States and guide for practitioners. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-333. Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture Fort Collins, CO 1\u201393","DOI":"10.2737\/RMRS-GTR-333"},{"key":"1191_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-012-9737-0","volume":"27","author":"KA Zeller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zeller KA, McGarigal K, Whiteley AR (2012) Estimating landscape resistance to movement: a review. Landsc Ecol 27:777\u2013797. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-012-9737-0","journal-title":"Landsc Ecol"},{"key":"1191_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-016-0368-8","volume":"31","author":"E Zi\u00f3\u0142kowska","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zi\u00f3\u0142kowska E, Ostapowicz K, Radeloff VC et al. (2016) Assessing differences in connectivity based on habitat versus movement models for brown bears in the Carpathians. Landsc Ecol 31:1863\u20131882. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-016-0368-8","journal-title":"Landsc Ecol"}],"container-title":["Environmental Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00267-019-01191-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00267-019-01191-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00267-019-01191-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T00:05:53Z","timestamp":1596153953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00267-019-01191-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00267-019-01191-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-152X","1432-1009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-152X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 November 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}