{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T17:18:07Z","timestamp":1764350287456,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Classif"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00357-015-9189-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]],"date-time":"2015-10-16T07:27:20Z","timestamp":1444980440000},"page":"516-541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Discriminant Analysis of Interval Data: An Assessment of Parametric and Distance-Based Approaches"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"A. Pedro Duarte","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"9189_CR1","unstructured":"ANGULO, C., ANGUITA, D., and GONZ\u00c1LEZ, L. (2007), \u201cInterval Discriminant Analysis Using Support Vector Machines\u201d, in ESANN\u20192007 Proceedings - European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks, Bruges."},{"issue":"4","key":"9189_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3233\/IDA-2006-10402","volume":"10","author":"A APPICE","year":"2006","unstructured":"APPICE, A., D\u2019AMATO, C., ESPOSITO, F., and MALERBA, D. (2006), \u201cClassification of Symbolic Objects: A Lazy Learning Approach\u201d, Intelligent Data Analysis, 10(4), 301\u2013324.","journal-title":"Intelligent Data Analysis"},{"key":"9189_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2008.01.020","volume":"99","author":"R ARELLANO-VALLE","year":"2008","unstructured":"ARELLANO-VALLE, R., and AZZALINI, A. (2008), \u201cThe Centred Parametrization for the Multivariate Skew-Normal Distribution\u201d, Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 99, 1362\u20131382.","journal-title":"Journal of Multivariate Analysis"},{"key":"9189_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AZZALINI, A., and DALLA VALLE, A. (1996), \u201cThe Multivariate Skew-Normal Distribution\u201d, Biometrika, 83(4), 715\u2013726.","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/83.4.715"},{"issue":"3","key":"9189_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.00194","volume":"61","author":"A AZZALINI","year":"1999","unstructured":"AZZALINI, A., and CAPITANIO, A. (1999), \u201cStatistical Applications of the Multivariate Skew-Normal Distribution\u201d, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B, 61(3), 579\u2013602.","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B"},{"key":"9189_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BEHESHTI,M., BERRACHED, A., DE KORVIN, A., HU, C., and SIRISAENGTAKSIN, O. (1998), \u201cOn Interval Weighted Freelayer Neural Networks\u201d, in Proceedings of the 31st Annual Simulation Symposium,\u201d IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 188\u2013194.","DOI":"10.1109\/SIMSYM.1998.668487"},{"key":"9189_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BERTRAND, P., and GOUPIL, F. (2000), \u201cDescriptive Statistics for Symbolic Data\u201d, in Analysis of Symbolic Data, Exploratory Methods for Extracting Statistical Information from Complex Data, eds. H.-H. Bock and E. Diday, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 106\u2013124.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-57155-8_6"},{"key":"9189_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BOCK, H.-H., and DIDAY, E. (Eds.) (2000), Analysis of Symbolic Data, Exploratory Methods for Extracting Statistical Information from Complex Data, Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-57155-8"},{"issue":"462","key":"9189_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1198\/016214503000242","volume":"98","author":"L BILLARD","year":"2003","unstructured":"BILLARD, L., and DIDAY, E. (2003), \u201cFrom the Statistics of Data to the Statistics of Knowledge: Symbolic Data Analysis\u201d, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 98(462), 470\u2013487.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"9189_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BRITO, P., and DUARTE SILVA, A.P. (2012), \u201cModelling Interval Data with Normal and Skew-Normal Distributions\u201d, Journal of Applied Statistics, 39(1), 3\u201320.","DOI":"10.1080\/02664763.2011.575125"},{"key":"9189_CR11","unstructured":"CARRIZOSA, E., GORDILLO, J., and PLASTRIA, F. (2007), \u201cClassification Problems with Imprecise Data Through Separating Hyperplanes\u201d, available at http: \/\/www.optimization\u2014online.org\/DBFILE\/2007\/09\/1781.pdf"},{"key":"9189_CR12","unstructured":"CHOUAKRIA, A., CAZES, P., and DIDAY, E. (2000), \u201cSymbolic Principal Component Analysis,\u201d in Analysis of Symbolic Data, Exploratory Methods for Extracting Statistical Information from Complex Data, eds. H.-H. Bock and E. Diday, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 200\u2013212."},{"key":"9189_CR13","volume-title":"Symbolic Data Analysis and the SODAS Software","author":"E DIDAY","year":"2008","unstructured":"DIDAY, E., and NOIRHOMME-FRAITURE, M. (2008), Symbolic Data Analysis and the SODAS Software, Chichester: Wiley."},{"key":"9189_CR14","unstructured":"DO, T.-N., and POULET, F. (2005), \u201cKernel Methods and Visualization for Interval Data Mining\u201d, in Proceedings of the Conference on Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis, ASMDA 2005, ENST Bretagne, eds. J. Jannsen and P. Lenca, pp. 345\u2013354."},{"key":"9189_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DUARTE SILVA, A.P., and BRITO, P. (2006), \u201cLinear Discriminant Analysis for Interval Data\u201d, Computational Statistics, 21(2), 289\u2013308.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00180-006-0264-9"},{"key":"9189_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01201025","volume":"11","author":"BW FLURY","year":"1994","unstructured":"FLURY, B.W., SCHMID, M.J., and NARAYANAN, A. (1994), \u201cError Rates in Quadratic Discrimination with Constraints on the Covariance Matrices\u201d, Journal of Classification, 11, 101\u2013120.","journal-title":"Journal of Classification"},{"issue":"4","key":"9189_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/03081079008935085","volume":"16","author":"H ISHIBUCHI","year":"1990","unstructured":"ISHIBUCHI, H., TANAKA, H., and NORIKOFUKUOKA, N. (1990), \u201cDiscriminant Analysis of Multi-Dimensional Interval Data and Its Application to Chemical Sensing\u201d, International Journal of General Systems, 16(4), 311\u2013329.","journal-title":"International Journal of General Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"9189_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2007.02.113","volume":"191","author":"GR JAHANSHAHLOOA","year":"2007","unstructured":"JAHANSHAHLOOA, G.R., LOTFIB, F.H., BALFC, F.R., and REZAID, H.Z. (2007), \u201cDiscriminant Analysis of Interval Data Using Monte Carlo Method in Assessment of Overlap\u201d, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 191(2), 521\u2013532.","journal-title":"Applied Mathematics and Computation"},{"key":"9189_CR19","unstructured":"LAURO, N.C., VERDE, R., and PALUMBO, F. (2000), \u201cFactorial Discriminant Analysis on Symbolic Objects\u201d, in Analysis of Symbolic Data, Exploratory Methods for Extracting Statistical Information from Complex Data, eds. H.-H. Bock and E. Diday, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 212\u2013233."},{"key":"9189_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LAURO, C., and PALUMBO, F. (2005), \u201cPrincipal Component Analysis for Non-Precise Data\u201d, in New Developments in Classification and Data Analysis, eds. M. Vichi et al., Springer, pp. 173\u2013184.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-27373-5_21"},{"key":"9189_CR21","unstructured":"LAURO, N.C., VERDE, R., and IRPINO, A. (2008), \u201cFactorial Discriminant Analysis\u201d, in Symbolic Data Analysis and the Sodas Software, eds. E. Diday and M. Noirhomme-Fraiture, Chichester: Wiley, pp. 341\u2013358."},{"key":"9189_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1974.10482992","volume":"69","author":"S MARKS","year":"1974","unstructured":"MARKS, S., and DUNN, O.J. (1974), \u201cDiscriminant Functions When the Covariance Matrices Are Unequal\u201d, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69, 555\u2013559.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"9189_CR23","volume-title":"Interval Analysis","author":"RE MOORE","year":"1966","unstructured":"MOORE, R.E. (1966), Interval Analysis, New Jersey:Prentice Hall."},{"key":"9189_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2007.04.014","volume":"52","author":"EAL NETO","year":"2008","unstructured":"NETO, E.A.L., and DE CARVALHO, F.A.T. (2008), \u201cCentre and Range Method for Fitting a Linear Regression Model to Symbolic Intervalar Data\u201d, Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 52, 1500\u20131515.","journal-title":"Computational Statistics & Data Analysis"},{"key":"9189_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2009.08.010","volume":"54","author":"EAL NETO","year":"2010","unstructured":"NETO, E.A.L., and DE CARVALHO, F.A.T. (2010), \u201cConstrained Linear Regression Models for Symbolic Interval-Valued Variables\u201d, Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 54, 333\u2013347.","journal-title":"Computational Statistics & Data Analysis"},{"key":"9189_CR26","unstructured":"NIVLET, P., FOURNIER, F., and ROYER, J.J. (2001), \u201cInterval Discriminant Analysis: An EfficientMethod to Integrate Errors in Supervised Pattern Recognition, in ISIPTA\u201901, pp. 284\u2013292."},{"issue":"2","key":"9189_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/sam.10112","volume":"4","author":"M NOIRHOMME-FRAITURE","year":"2011","unstructured":"NOIRHOMME-FRAITURE, M., and BRITO, P. (2011), \u201cFar Beyond the Classical Data Models: Symbolic Data Analysis\u201d, Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 4(2), 157\u2013170.","journal-title":"Statistical Analysis and Data Mining"},{"key":"9189_CR28","unstructured":"RASSON, J.P., PIRC\u00b8 ON, J.-Y., LALLEMAND, P., and ADANS, S. (2008), \u201cUnsupervised Divisive Classification\u201d, in Symbolic Data Analysis and the Sodas Software, eds. E. Diday and M. Noirhomme-Fraiture, Chichester: Wiley, pp. 149\u2013156."},{"key":"9189_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ROSSI, F., and CONAN GUEZ, B. (2002), \u201cMultilayer Perceptron on Interval Data\u201d, in Classification, Clustering and Data Analysis, eds. K. Jajuga, A. Sokolowski, and H.-H. Bock, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer, pp. 427\u2013434.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-56181-8_47"},{"key":"9189_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00cdMA, J. (1995), \u201cNeural Expert Systems\u201d, Neural Networks, 8(2), 261\u2013271.","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(94)00070-3"},{"key":"9189_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SIMOFF, S.J. (1996), \u201cHandling Uncertainty in Neural Networks: An Interval Approach\u201d, in Proceedomgs of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, Washington D.C., pp. 606\u2013610.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1996.548964"},{"key":"9189_CR32","unstructured":"UTKIN, L.V., and COOLEN, F.P.A. (2011), \u201cInterval-Valued Regression and Classification Models in the Framework of Machine Learning\u201d, in 7th International Symposium on Imprecise Probability: Theories and Applications, Innsbruck."}],"container-title":["Journal of Classification"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00357-015-9189-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00357-015-9189-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00357-015-9189-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T01:48:23Z","timestamp":1748656103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00357-015-9189-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["9189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00357-015-9189-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0176-4268","1432-1343"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0176-4268"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-1343"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}}}